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Evolution Power Point
- 1. A Change ThroughTime
- 2. What is Evolution?It’s a gradual change in a species over time.
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- 4. Background History: Charles Darwin: Explorer on a observation trip aboard the HMS Beagle in the Galapagos Islands. He found a variety of species similar to those found in South and Central America and some completely new.
- 5. Darwin came upwith the theory of Natural Selection Natural Selection : means that organisms with traits best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. “ Survival of the Fittest”
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- 7. The 4 Factorsin Natural Selection Organisms produce more offspring than can survive.
- 8. 2. Variations arefound among individuals of a species.
- 9. 3. Variations arepassed on to offspring.
- 10. 4. Some variationsallow members of a population to survive and reproduce better than others.
- 11. Over time, offspringof individuals with helpful variations make up more and more of a population.
- 12. Variations: an inherited trait (change in the DNA) that makes an individual different from other members of the same species. Could be color, shape, behavior or chemical makeup
- 13. Unit: EvolutionTopic: Methods in which species evolve
- 14. Evolution can happenin two ways: Gradualism - a slow steady process where you can see different forms of the new species. Minor changes happen Example: horse
- 15. Punctuated Equilibrium -happens quickly . Sometimes intermediate species are not there. Species branch off and evolve simultaneously. Example: elephants
- 16. Branching Diagram EssentialQuestions: Give a brief description of the evolutionary changes that occurred in the organism. During which time period did the fossils differentiate into two branches? How did you know to branch off? Explain how the chart illustrates both punctuated equilibrium and gradualism.
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- 18. 1. FossilRecord Oldest fossils are at the bottom Newest at the top
- 19. 2. Homologous Structures- body parts that have the same number of bones, muscles or blood vessels.
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- 21. 3. VestigialStructures - a body part that doesn’t seem to have a function at this time. Example Pelvic bone in whales
- 22. 4. Embryology- studyingorganisms at the very early stages of development to see how they are the same. Show overhead
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- 24. DNA - Organismsthat have close relatives have similar DNA. Example: dogs are the closest relative to bears .