Evolutionary concepts of genetics and plant breeding

Evolutionary concepts of genetics and plant breeding

• 1.
  Evolutionary concepts of geneticsand plant breeding GP 605 ADVANCED IN PLANT BREEDING SYSTEMS 2+0 Presented By Mr. Ekatpure Sachin PhD. Scholar Plant Biotechnology 1
• 2.
  2 8000 B.C. 700 B.C. 17271717 8000 B.C. -5000 B.C. – Mesoamericans domesticate maize Babylonians and Assyrians pollinated date palm artificially 17th Century several varieties of heading lettuce were developed in France Thomas Fair Child - produced the first artificial hybrid, popularly known as Fair Child’s mule, by using carnation with sweet William The first plant breeding company was established in France by the Vilmorins. Joseph koelreuter, a German, made extensive crosses in tobacco 1760- 1766 Timeline
• 3.
  3 1759- 1835 1873 190018561903 Knight was perhaps the first man to use artificial hybridization to develop several new fruit varieties The work of Patrick Shireff was first published He concluded that only the variation heritable nature responded to selections, and that there variation arose through ‘natural sports’ (= mutation) and by ‘natural hybridization’ Johannsen proposed the pureline theory that provided the genetic basis for individual plant selection. Vilmorin developed the progeny test and used this method successfully in the improvement of sugar beets Nilson-Ehle, his associates developed the individual plant selection method in Sweden.
• 4.
  4 History of PlantBreeding in India
• 5.
  Year Work Done 1871The Government of India created the Department of Agriculture 1905 The Imperial Agricultural Research Institute was establish in Pusa, Bihar 1934 The buildings of the institute damaged in earthquake 1936 Shifted to New Delhi 1946 Name was changed Indian Agricultural Research Institute 1901-05 Agricultural Colleges were established at Kanpur, Pune, Sabour, Llyalpur, Coimbatore 1929 Imperial council of Agricultural Research was established 1946 Name was change to Indian Council Agricultural Research 1921 Indian Central Cotton Committee was established – Notable researches on breeding and cultivation of cotton. Eg : 70 improved varieties of cotton 1956 Project for intensification of regional research on cotton, oilseeds and millets (PIRRCOM) was initiated to intensify research on these crops – located at 17 different centers through out the country 1957 All India Coordinated maize improvement project was started with objective of exploiting heterosis 1961 The first hybrid maize varieties released by the project - ICAR initiated coordinated projects for improvement of the other crops 1960 First Agricultural University established at Pantnagar, Nainital. 5
• 6.
  Scientific contributions ofeminent scientists 6
• 7.
  7 Name of the Scientist YearContribution Name of the Scientist Year Contribution Allard and Bradshaw 1964 G x E interaction Blackslee and Nebel 1937 Colchicine Hull 1945 Recurrent Selection for SCA Goulden 1966 Single Seed Descent Method Jenkins 1940 Recurrent Selection for GCA Lewis 1954 Self incompatibility Davenport 1908 Dominance hypothesis Van Der Plank 1963 Vertifolia effect Flor 1956 Gene for gene hypothesis Vavilov 1926 Centres of diversity, Law of homologus series Johannsen 1903 Pureline concept Ashby 1930 Grater initial capital hypothesis Harlan and Pope 1922 Backcross method Vilmorin 1856 Progeny test Jones 1914 Double cross scheme Thomas Fairchild 1719 First artificial hybrid Jones and Davis 1944 Cytoplasmic Genetic Male sterility Rimpau 1891 Triticale Hopkins 1908 Ear to row method Hugo de Vries 1901 Mutation
• 8.
  8 Name of the Scientist yearContribution Name of the Scientist Year Contribution Hughes and Babcock 1950 Sprophytic System of self incompatibility Fischer 1947 Components of genetic variance classification Nilsson & Ehle 1909 Bulk method Rhoades 1950 Male sterility in maize Karpenchenko 1927 Raphano brassica Harlan 1951 Microcentre Shull 1914 Heterosis Aurbach 1949 Chemical mutagen Jones and Davis 1944 Male sterility Jenson 1969 Multiline concept Yuan Long Ping 1960 Father of hybrid rice M. S. Swaminathan 1970 Green revolution in India Lewis 1954 Self incompatibility classification T. T. Chang 1982 Semi dwarf rice varieties at IRRI Painter 1951 Mechanism of insect resistance G. W. Burton 1978 Forage breeder Atkins 1953 Modified bulk T. J. Jenkin 1933 Forage breeder
• 9.
  9 Some Indian PlantBreeding
• 10.
  T. S. Venkatraman •An eminent sugarcane breeder, he transferred thick stem and high sugar contents from tropical noble cane to North Indian Canes • Saccharum barberi and Saccharum officinarum • This process is known as Noblization of sugarcane • This hybrid sugar-cane became very popular in India and in other countries • Because of this, sugar production from sugar-cane was improved and our country could stop importing sugar from other countries. • He was honored by the Queen of England in 1942 and was given the title SIR 10
• 11.
  B. P. Pal •An eminent Wheat breeder, developed superior disease resistant N. P. varieties of wheat • First Indian Director of the IARI • Dr Pal's major contribution to the scientific aspects of the Green Revolution was in the area of wheat genetics and breeding • He observed that rust disease was largely responsible for low yields of wheat and, therefore, developed a systematic breeding method to develop varieties with resistance to rust disease. 11 1906 - 1989
• 12.
  M.S. Swaminathan • Responsiblefor green revolution in India • Developed high yielding varieties of Wheat and Rice • An Indian geneticist and international administrator • Renowned for his leading role in India's Green Revolution a program under which high-yield varieties of wheat and rice seedlings were planted in the fields of poor farmers. 12
• 13.
  • Pushkarnath -Famous potato breeder • N.G.P. Rao - An eminent sorghum breeder • K. Ramaiah - A renowned rice breeder • Ram Dhan Singh - Famous wheat breeder • D.S. Athwal - Famous pearl millet breeder • Bosisen - An eminent maize breeder • Dharampal Singh - An eminent oil-seed breeder • C.T. Patel - Famous cotton breeder who developed world’s first cotton hybrid in 1970 • V. Santhanam - Famous cotton breeder 13
• 14.
  14