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Exadata
Exadata is Oracle's database machine that is optimized for performance and cost-effectiveness. It uses a unique architecture with database and storage grids that eliminate performance tradeoffs. This architecture, along with technologies like hybrid columnar compression, the intelligent storage grid, and smart flash cache, make Exadata the best platform for data warehousing, OLTP, and database consolidation.
Exadata
- 1. Exadata Sun OracleDatabase Machine
- 2. Exadata Goals IdealDatabase Platform Best Machine for Data Warehousing Best Machine for OLTP Best Machine for Database Consolidation Unique Architecture Makes it Fastest, Lowest Cost © 2010 Oracle Corporation
- 3. Exadata in theMarketplace Rapid adoption in all geographies and industries Copyright © 2010, Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates – –
- 4. Agenda Hardware ArchitectureKey Technologies Consolidation & Protection © 2010 Oracle Corporation
- 5. Exadata Hardware ArchitectureDatabase Grid 8 Dual-processor x64 database servers OR 2 Eight-processor x64 database servers Storage Grid 14 storage servers (2U) 112 Intel cores in storage 100 TB High Speed disk, or 336 TB High Capacity disk 5 TB PCI Flash Data mirrored across storage servers Scaleable Grid of industry standard servers for Compute and Storage Eliminates long-standing tradeoff between Scalability, Availability, Cost InfiniBand Network Redundant 40Gb/s switches Unified server & storage net © 2010 Oracle Corporation
- 6. Exadata Product CapacityCopyright © 2010, Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates – – 1 – Raw capacity calculated using 1 GB = 1000 x 1000 x 1000 bytes and 1 TB = 1000 x 1000 x 1000 x 1000 bytes. 2 - User Data: Actual space for end-user data, computed after single mirroring (ASM normal redundancy) and after allowing space for database structures such as temp, logs, undo, and indexes. Actual user data capacity varies by application. User Data capacity calculated using 1 TB = 1024 * 1024 * 10 24 * 1024 bytes. Full Rack Half Rack Quarter Rack Raw Disk 1 High Perf Disk 100 TB 50 TB 21 TB High Cap Disk 336 TB 168 TB 72 TB Raw Flash 1 5.3 TB 2.6 TB 1.1 TB User Data 2 (assuming no compression) High Perf Disk 28 TB 14 TB 6 TB High Cap Disk 100 TB 50 TB 21 TB
- 7. Exadata Product PerformanceCopyright © 2010, Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates – – 1 – Bandwidth is peak physical disk scan bandwidth, assuming no compression. 2 - Max User Data Bandwidth assumes scanned data is compressed by factor of 10 and is on Flash. 3 – IOPs – Based on IO requests of size 8K 4 - Actual performance will vary by application. Full Rack Half Rack Quarter Rack Raw Disk Data Bandwidth 1,4 High Perf Disk 25 GB/s 12.5 GB/s 5.4 GB/s High Cap Disk 14 GB/s 7 GB/s 3 GB/s Raw Flash Data Bandwidth 1,4 50 GB/s 25 GB/s 11 GB/s Disk IOPS 3,4 High Perf Disk 50,000 25,000 10,800 High Cap Disk 25,000 12,500 5,400 Flash IOPS 3,4 1,000,000 500,000 225,000 Data Load Rate 4 5 TB/hr 2.5 TB/hr 1 TB/hr
- 8. Start Small andGrow Field Upgradeable Full Rack Half Rack Balanced Incremental Scaling for OLTP and DW Quarter Rack © 2010 Oracle Corporation
- 9. Scales to 8Racks by Just Adding Cables Full Bandwidth and Redundancy © 2010 Oracle Corporation
- 10. Standardized and Simpleto Deploy All Database Machines are the same Delivered Tested and Ready-to-Run Highly Optimized Highly Supportable No unique configuration issues Identical to config used by Oracle Engineering Runs existing OLTP and DW applications Full 30 years of Oracle DB capabilities No Exadata certification required Leverages Oracle ecosystem Skills, knowledge base, people, partners © 2010 Oracle Corporation Deploy in Days, Not Months
- 11. Agenda Hardware ArchitectureKey Technologies Consolidation & Protection © 2010 Oracle Corporation
- 12. Keys to Speedand Cost Advantage © 2010 Oracle Corporation Exadata Hybrid Columnar Compression Exadata Intelligent Storage Grid Exadata Smart Flash Cache
- 13. Data Intensive processingruns in Exadata Storage Grid Filter rows and columns as data streams from disks (112 Intel Cores) Example: How much product X sold last quarter Exadata Storage Reads 10TB from disk Exadata Storage Filters rows by Product & Date Sends 100GB of matching data to DB Servers Scale-out storage parallelizes execution and removes bottlenecks Exadata Intelligent Storage Grid Most Scalable Data Processing © 2010 Oracle Corporation
- 14. Simple Query ExampleExadata Storage Grid Oracle Database Grid © 2010 Oracle Corporation SUM Optimizer Chooses Partitions to Access 10 TB scanned 100 GB returned to servers What were my sales yesterday? Select sum(sales) where Date=’24-Sept’ Scan compressed blocks in partitions Retrieve sales amounts for Sept 24
- 15. Exadata is SmartStorage Storage Server is smart storage, not a DB node Storage remains an independent tier Database Servers Perform complex database processing such as joins, aggregation, etc. Exadata Storage Servers Search tables and indexes filtering out data that is not relevant to a query Cells serve data to multiple databases enabling OLTP and consolidation Simplicity, and robustness of storage appliance © 2010 Oracle Corporation Compute and Memory Intensive Processing Data Intensive Processing
- 16. Exadata Hybrid ColumnarCompression Highest Capacity, Lowest Cost Data is organized and compressed by column Dramatically better compression Speed Optimized Query Mode for Data Warehousing 10X compression typical Runs faster because of Exadata offload! Space Optimized Archival Mode for infrequently accessed data 15X to 50X compression typical © 2010 Oracle Corporation Query Faster and Simpler Backup, DR, Caching, Reorg, Clone Benefits Multiply
- 17. Exadata Smart FlashCache Extreme Performance OLTP © 2010 Oracle Corporation 5X More I/Os than 1000 Disk Enterprise Storage Array Exadata has 5 TB of flash 56 Flash PCI cards avoid disk controller bottlenecks Intelligently manages flash Smart Flash Cache holds hot data Gives speed of flash, cost of disk Exadata flash cache achieves: Over 1 million IO/sec from SQL (8K) Sub-millisecond response times 50 GB/sec query throughput
- 18. Agenda Hardware ArchitectureKey Technologies Consolidation & Protection © 2010 Oracle Corporation
- 19. Best Machine forDatabase Consolidation Consolidation is key to reducing costs Administration, hardware, software, data center Many databases can be consolidated on Exadata Multiple small databases within a node Large databases can span nodes using RAC Exadata serves as farm/cloud for databases Exadata delivers extreme performance for complex workloads that mix OLTP and DW Complex OLTP with batch and reporting Complex Warehousing with thousands of users Multiple databases running different applications © 2010 Oracle Corporation Same Day Database Deployments on Exadata Farm/Cloud ERP CRM Warehouse Data Mart HR
- 20. Failure Protection Redundant Hardware Servers, Storage, Network Database Level HA Tolerate failures and changes Real-Time Active Replica © 2010 Oracle Corporation Active Data Guard GoldenGate Replication RAC ASM Flashback Secure Backup Online Redefinition WAN ERP CRM Warehouse Data Mart HR
- 21. Conclusion - ExadataV2 Ideal Database Platform Best for Data Warehousing Best for OLTP Best for Database Consolidation © 2010 Oracle Corporation Fastest, Lowest Cost Hybrid Columnar Compression Intelligent Storage Grid Smart Flash Cache
- 22.
Editor's Notes
- #3 Oracle has set the bar extremely high for Exadata. We are designing a single hardware platform that is best for any class of Database Workloads. The hardware is identical for all workload types since high compute capacity, high network bandwidth, low latency, high IO throughput, and Flash help any workload. The software features vary by workload. For example Oracle has many Warehouse specific software features such as Bitmap indexing, integrated OLAP and Data Mining, etc. The Unique capabilities of Exadata are highlighted in the presentation by being underlined in Red
- #6 Oracle believes that the Scaleable Grid architecture is the architecture of the future. It eliminates the long-standing tradeoff between high-end hardware platforms that are scaleable (up to a point) and available, but also very high cost due to low volume. Sometimes people think that because there is so much compute and storage in a database machine it must consume huge amounts of power. In fact the power consumption is not large. Maximum Power usage of a Full Rack Database Machine is 14KW, typical is 9.8 KW. A single high end SMP platform without storage or switches can consume well over 20 KW.
- #9 Exadata allows easy expansion within and between racks. A quarter rack can be upgraded to a half rack. A half rack can be upgraded to a full rack. Two half racks can also be connected together to form the equivalent of a full rack. This is sometimes useful in data centers with weight or heat density restrictions. Once a full rack is deployed it can be increased in half rack size increments. For example a full rack grows to 1.5 racks, then to 2 racks, then to 2.5 racks. Equipment can be mixed across hardware generations. For example a half rack can be grown to a full rack using the next generation of servers to fill out the rack.
- #10 This is all about scale out. Scale outwards ! Exadata has much more compute, storage, and interconnect capacity than other systems on the market. An 8 rack Exadata system is equivalent to at least 30 racks of leading conventional products, and costs much less. To purchase equivalent compute and storage capacity using conventional equipment would cost over $100M (The price of a single IBM P595 taken from the TPC web site is about $4MM). The user data capacity is much larger after compression. Scales beyond 8 racks by using external InfiniBand switches
- #11 Eliminates the complexity of deploying a high performance database system. Database machines are tested in the factory and delivered ready to run. Because all database machines are the same, their characteristics and operations are well known and understood by Oracle field engineers and support. Each customer will not need to diagnose and resolve unique issues that only occur on their configuration. Performance tuning, and stress testing performed at Oracle is done on the exact same configuration that the customer has ensuring better performance and higher quality. Applications do not need to be certified against Exadata. Applications that are certified with Oracle Database 11.2 RAC will run against Exadata. Very few applications need to certify the storage subsystem underneath a database, and Exadata fundamentally is the Oracle Database with a very fast storage subsystem.
- #14 Exadata storage servers scan the data in parallel removing all central bottlenecks. Traditional storage has bottlenecks at the back-end disk loops, caches, controllers, front-end channels, and SAN links. In traditional storage, receiving Terabytes of data into the DB server and filtering it consumes large amount of CPU in the database hosts.
- #18 The Exadata Smart Flash cache avoids cache wipe-outs caused by large scans. A simple example is that Exadata knows when a read operation is caused by a backup, and avoids caching the blocks. Note that Enterprise Storage Arrays now support flash disks but there are no reported IOPs numbers from any vendor for their storage array using flash. The I/O performance numbers shown here are measured at the database level, not pure storage statistics that cannot be achieved in practice. Some vendors quote component level performance numbers that cannot be achieved in a complete systems due to bottlenecks at other parts of the system. Also, remember that Exadata is a full system including servers, storage, and networking, not a pure storage device when comparing to other products. NetApp and EMC have released flash cache products. EMC uses conventional flash disks for cache which makes them much slower than Exadata’s Flash PCI cards. NetApp uses Flash PCI cards for their cache, but the largest NetApp systems (6080) have at most 8 flash cards. Neither vendor is willing to quote specific IO’s per second or data throughput numbers for their flash solutions. Neither vendor can combine flash with 10x compression, InfiniBand, and storage offload. Only Oracle allows individual tables and partitions to be placed in flash with a simple command.
- #21 Exadata has fully redundant hardware. Redundant servers, redundant storage servers, redundant network. So any component can fail and the system as a whole will keep running. Our measurements to date show that the hardware failure rate is dominated by disk failures. The Oracle database software tolerates failures by continuing to run when various hardware components fail. For example Oracle RAC continues to run after server failures. ASM mirrors data across storage servers so that the failure of a storage server does not cause an outage of the system as a whole. Oracle has unique capabilities for rolling back erroneous changes called flashback. Oracle has unique capabilities for making changes to databases online called online redefinition. All truly highly available systems should have a remote replica. Oracle has the industry’s leading technologies for creating and maintaining remote replica databases. Golden gate provides a powerful symmetric replication capability. Active Data Guard provides an extremely high performance and simple way to create a readable remote replica database.