F1303013440

IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 13, Issue 3 Ver. I (May- Jun. 2016), PP 34-40
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1303013440 www.iosrjournals.org 34 | Page
Experimental Investigation Of Multi Cylinder Diesel Engine Using
Diesel, Jatropha Oil &Apricot Oil
Dr. Hiregoudar Yerrennagoudaru 1
, Chandragowda M 2
, Basavana Gouda S 3
1
Professor and PG Co-ordinator (Thermal Power Engineering), Mechanical Engineering Department, RYMEC
Bellary, Karnataka, VTU, India
2
Assit Professor (Thermal Power Engineering), Mechanical Engineering Department, RYMEC Bellary,
Karnataka, VTU, India
3
M.Tech (Thermal Power Engineering), Mechanical Engineering Department, RYMEC
Bellary, Karnataka,VTU, India
Abstract: Due to modernization, increase the number of industries and automobiles sector the consumption of
petroleum products has increased which leads to fuel crises. It was estimated consumption of diesel fuels in
India was 28.30 million tones, which is 43.2% of the consumption of petroleum products. This requirement was
met by importing crude petroleum as well as petroleum products, with the expected growth rate of diesel
consumption of more than 14% per annum, for this shrinking crude oil reserves and limited refining capacity, as
per the research survey petroleum products may available another 30 to 50 years, it has made us to think and
focus on search alternate fuels for diesel fuel. Our main objective for this work is to use and run diesel engine
by 100% vegetable fuels and decreases the dependency of fossil fuels. The main objective of this work is
investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a twin cylinder diesel engine is fuelled with non-
edible vegetable oil such as jatropha oil and Apricot oil and compared with diesel fuel. The experimental setup
consists of double cylinder, oil cooled, four stroke constant speed diesel engine. The experimental engine started
with diesel fuel and its performance and emission readings are taken and observed at various load condition,
later the admission of jatropha oil or apricot oil make the engine run under dual fuel mode and conducting the
same trail from zero load to full load condition. Based on the performance and emission characteristics of
jatropha oil and Apricot oil it is concluded that the jatropha oil and Apricot oil is a good alternative fuel with
closer performance and good emission characteristic to that of diesel. From the results it is concluded that
jatropha oil and Apricot oil shows better performance hence the jatropha oil and Apricot oils suitable
alternatives for diesel.
Keywords: Diesel, Jatropha oil, Apricot oil, Performance, Exhaust emissions
I. Introduction
Nowadays due to limited resources, rapid depletion of fossil fuels and as pollutant resulting from these
categories are massively expelled to ruin the healthy climate is demanding an urgent need of alternative fuels for
meeting sustainable energy demand with minimum environmental impact. Diesel engines are playing a more
and more dominant role due to its superior thermal efficiency and fuel economy. However, its exhaust emissions
have become the major concerns due to their environmental impacts. As such, emission regulations have been
made more and more stringent during the past few years, and this has posed serious challenges to the researchers
and engine manufacturers. As advance technologies becoming available, researchers are looking into new
strategies such as common rail fuel injection, multiple injections and low temperature combustions to reduce the
harmful emissions and increase the engine efficiency. However, the rising oil prices and concerns on the
depletion of fossil fuel reserves have forced researchers to not only look into engine optimization, but also find
alternative resources to tackle the energy crisis. Biodiesel has gained a growing interest as one of the most
promising solutions. Its primary advantages are biodegradable, renewable, carbon neutral and do not produce
hazardous toxic [1]. The high energy demand in the industrialized world as well as in the domestic sector and
pollution problems caused due to the widespread use of fossil fuels make it necessary to develop renewable
energy sources. From the point of view of protecting the global environment and concerns for long-term energy
security, it becomes necessary to develop alternative fuels with properties comparable to those that are
petroleum based. The rapid depletion of petroleum reserves and fluctuating oil prices leads to the search for
Alternative fuels. This was the basic motivation behind the research in this paper. Non edible oils are
promising fuels for agricultural applications. Vegetable oils have properties which similar to diesel and can be
used to run compression ignition engines with little or no modifications. For diesel engines, a significant
research effort has been directed towards using vegetable oils and their derivatives as fuels [2]. In country like
India, majority of population lives in rural areas and they depend on agriculture. The diesel engines are popular
in rural areas where it is not possible to have uninterrupted electric supply to run electric motor for water pump

Experimental Investigation of Multi Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Diesel, Jatropha oil &Apricot oil
sets. If fuel for these diesel engines is prepared locally, it makes the farmers self-sufficient with regard to their
energy needs. There are many vegetable oils which can be used as fuel for diesel engines. But the edible oils
like sunflower oil, peanut oils, soya oil, are costly and are for human consumption. The non edible oils obtained
from plant species such as Jatropha curcas (Ratanjyot), mahua, Pongamia pinnata (Karanj), honge, honne
(Nagchampa), Hevca brasiliensis, and rubber etc. can be used as fuel for diesel engine. These non edible
vegetable oil plant species can be grown on the land which is not suitable for agricultural purpose. The oil seeds
upon crushing and extraction; oil can be obtained, which can be used as fuel for diesel engine. The vegetable
oils offer many benefits including sustainability, regional development, reduction in green house gases and
reduction on dependency on mineral diesel. Scientists around the world have explored several alternative energy
resources, which have the potential to quench the ever-increasing energy thirst of today’s population. The
projected petroleum production in the country as given in eleventh five year plan is showing. The production of
crude oil in India is estimated to have a decreasing trend after the year 2010. But there will be an Performance
and Emission Characteristics of CI Engine fuelled with crude oil (petrol and diesel) CO Carbon monoxide,
CO2 Carbon dioxide, HC Hydro Carbon, NOx, Oxides of nitrogen all these emissions are polluting the
environment. An increase in the vehicle population every year which will demand an increase in crude oil
imports. With this scenario the need for an alternate fuel arises to maintain the economy of the country and also
to reduce the environmental pollution. Non edible vegetable oil have received significant attention both as a
possible renewable alternative fuel and as an additive to the existing petroleum-based fuels
II. Objective Of The Project
 It is proposed to use 100% vegetable oils in the diesel engine
 To decrease the dependency of fossil fuel.
 To study the performance and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine with Jatropha oil and Apricot oil
as fuel and it is compared with diesel fuel.
 To measure the level of CO, HC and smoke in the exhaust emissions in the above said engine.
 To reduce the CO, HC and smoke level in the exhaust emissions.
 To analyze the exhaust emission.
 To improve the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using Jatropha and apricot oil as
a fuel in diesel engine
III. Properties Of Diesel, Jatropha Oil And Apricot Oil
Table-1 Properties
Sl.
No
Properties Diesel Jatropha oil Apricot oil
1 Density(kg/m3
) 832 914 921.432
2 Calorific value (kJ/kg) 43200 39340 41427.04
3
Kinematic viscosity @ 400
C
(mm2
/s)
2.78 31.2 4.26
4 Cetane number 56 58.4 ---
5 Flash point ºC 50 174 105
6 Specific gravity 0.86 0.9186 0.87
IV. Experimental Setup And Engine Specification
The experimental test set as shown in fig.1 consists of four strokes, constant speed, oil cooled and twin
cylinder diesel engine. The injection timing given by the manufacturer is 27º BTDC, the opening pressure of the
nozzle was set at 1800 bar and the engine speed is 1500rpm.There are a number of transducers used in the
engine such as piezoelectric pressure transducer flush with the cylinder head surface to measure cylinder
pressure. Specifications of engine are shown in Table 2.

Fig.1: Schematic arrangement of Experimental Set-up
Table-2 Test Engine specification
Engine type Four stroke Twin cylinder diesel engine
No. of cylinders 02
Stroke 100 mm
Bore Diameter 87 mm
Engine power 15 KV
Compression ratio 17.5:1
RPM 1500
Type of starting Crank starting
Load type Water loading
Table-3 water load bank specification
Max. Output 15 KV
Generator type 1 Phase
Amps 63
RPM 1500
PF 0.8
Volts 240
V. Experimental Procedure
 Experiments were initially carried out on the engine using diesel as fuel in order to provide base line data.
 Initially the engine was started using diesel fuel and allowed to run for few minutes until to reach steady
state; the base line data were taken. Load was varied from zero loads to full load condition using the water
loading and Emissions, smoke and fuel consumption reading were recorded.

 The engine was started on duel fuel mode, when engine became sufficiently heated; the supply of diesel
was slowly substituted by 100 % Jatropha oil for which a two way valve was used. Once the engine reaches
steady state, the emission, fuel consumption and smoke reading were taken. The same procedure is carried
from zero to full load condition.
 The engine was started on duel fuel mode, when engine became sufficiently heated; the supply of diesel
was slowly substituted by 100 % Apricot oil for which a two way valve was used. Once the engine reaches
steady state, the emission, fuel consumption and smoke reading were taken. The same procedure is carried
from zero to full load condition.
 Similarly same procedures were carried for modified piston diesel engine
VI. Results And Discussion
Carbon Monoxide:
Figures 2, shows the variation CO level with respect to diesel, Jatropha oil and Apricot oil at different
loads. From the graph it is clear that at zero loads jatropha oil and apricot oil CO emission level is higher than
that of diesel fuel, as the load increases from zero load to full load CO emission is also decreases and at full load
condition jatropha oil CO emission level is lower than diesel fuel whereas apricot CO emission level is same as
that of diesel fuel at full load condition.
Fig.2: Comparison of Carbon monoxide versus Load
Brake thermal efficiency:
Fig.3 shows the variation of brake thermal efficiency of diesel, Apricot and Jatropha oil at different
load at different loads. From the graph it is clearly observed that at zero load condition brake thermal efficiency
of Apricot oil is higher than diesel and jatropha oil, as the load increases from zero loads to full load condition
brake thermal efficiency increases up to 75% load and then decreases up to full load.at full condition brake
thermal efficiency Jatropha oil is higher than diesel and apricot oil.
Fig.3: Comparison of Brake thermal efficiency versus Load

Brake specific Energy conversion:
From fig.4, it is clearly observed that at zero loads the BSEC of Diesel, Jatropha oil and apricot oil
is higher, as the load increases BSEC decreases up to 75 % load and then increases after 75% load to full
load. Jatropha oil BSEC is higher than diesel and apricot oil at zero load condition whereas at full load
condition diesel fuel is higher than Jatropha and Apricot oil.
Fig.4: Comparison of Brake specific fuel consumption vs Load
Hydrocarbon:
The variation of Hydrocarbon emission of the engine with diesel, Jatropha and Apricot oil is shown in
fig 5. It can be seen that at zero load condition Hydrocarbon emission of Jatropha oil and Apricot oil is higher
than diesel fuel and HC emission decreases as the load increases up to full load condition whereas diesel fuel
HC emission level is less at zero load and higher at full load condition. At full load condition HC emission level
of Jatropha oil is lesser than diesel and apricot oils.
Fig.5: Comparison of Hydrocarbon versus Load
Smoke:
From fig.6, it is clearly shows that at full load condition smoke level apricot oil is lesser than diesel fuel
where as Jatropha oil smoke level is higher than diesel fuels.

Fig.6: shows the variations of Smoke for different Vegetable oils at full load
VII. Conclusion And Future Scope
Based on the performance and emissions of Jatropha oil, Apricot oil, it is concluded that the Jatropha
oil, Apricot oil shows a good alternative fuel with closer performance and better emission characteristics to that
of a diesel. From the above results it is concluded that the Jatropha oil, Apricot oil, shows better performance
characteristics like Brake thermal efficiency, and the emission parameters like CO, HC. Hence the 100%
Jatropha oil, Apricot oil can be used as a substitute for diesel. The future research directions for scientists or
researcher can be done with different engine modification.
References
[1]. B.Bharath Kumar, M.Rajesh and K.Srinivas (2014) entitled paper "Performance and Emission Analysis of Flex Seed Oil Blended
with Diesel Using Methyl Esters as Additive on VCR Engine" International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology
(IJETT), Volume 17 and ISSN: 2231-5381.
[2]. Sukumar Puhan, G. Nagarajan, N. Vedaraman and B.V. Ramabramhmam (2007) entitled paper" Mahua Oil (Madhuca Indica Oil)
Derivatives as a Renewable Fuel for Diesel Engine Systems in India: A Performance and Emissions Comparative Study "
International Journal of Green Energy, 4:1, 89-104 and ISSN: 1543-5075
[3]. Y.V.H.Rao, R.S.Voleti, A.V.S.Rajuand and P.N.Reddy (2011) entitled paper "The effect of cottonseed oil methyl ester on the
performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine" International Journal of Ambient Energy, 31:4, 203-210 and ISSN: 0143-
0750
[4]. Chandrakanta Nayak, Saroj Kumar Achrya and Ranjan Kumar Swain (2014) entitled paper "Performance of a twin cylinder dual-
fuel diesel engine using blends of neat Karanja oil and producer gas" International Journal of Ambient Energy, 37:1, 36-45 and
ISSN: 0143-0750
[5]. S.K.Acharya, R.K.Swain, M.K.Mohantyand A.K.Mishra (2014) entitled paper "Preheated and Blended Karanja Oil as Diesel
Engine Fuel" Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 36:12, 1325-1334 ISSN: 1556-7036
[6]. S.Sivalakshmi and T.Balusamy (2011) entitled paper "Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled by neem
oil blended with alcohols" International Journal of Ambient Energy, 32:4, 170-178 and ISSN: 0143-0750
[7]. S.Savariraj, T.Ganapathy and C.G. Saravanan (2012) entitled paper "Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine
using high-viscous vegetable oil" International Journal of Ambient Energy, 33:4,193-203 and ISSN: 0143-0750
[8]. Mr.Jaysukh Ghetiya, Mr.Amitesh Paul, Dr. G.R.Selokar (2012) entitled paper "EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON EMISSION AND
PERFORMANCE OF C.I. ENGINE WITH BIODIESEL AND ITS BLENDS" International Journal Of Computational Engineering
Research (IJCER), vol.2, Issue No.1,107-114 and ISSN: 2250-3005
[9]. M. Satyanarayana and C. Muraleedharan (2011) entitled paper "Investigations on Performance and Emission Characteristics of
Vegetable Oil Biodiesels as Fuels in a Single Cylinder Direct Injection Diesel engine, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery,
Utilization, and
[10]. Environmental Effects, 34:2, 177-186 and ISSN: 1556-7036
[11]. V. Ravikumar, D. Senthilkumar and C. Solaimuthu (2013) entitled paper "Experimental investigation of performance and emissions
of an Al-20% SiC coated diesel engine with Madhuca indica biodiesel" International Journal of Ambient Energy and ISSN: 0143-
0750
[12]. [11] Ambarish Datta, Samiddha Patil and Bijan kumar Mandal (2014) entitled paper “An experimental study on the performance
and emission characteristics of a CI engine fuelled with Jatropha biodiesel and its blends with diesel" Journal of Mechanical Science
and Technology 28(5) (2014) 1961-1966.
[13]. M.Harinathareddy, P.Nageswara Reddy and K.Vijayakumar Reddy (2013) entitled paper "Performance and Emission
Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Operated on Mahua Oil Methyl Ester" Elixir International Journal
[14]. N.Kapilan, T.P.Ashok Babu and R.P.Reddy (2009) entitled paper" Characterization and Effect of Using Mahua Oil Biodiesel as
Fuel in Compression Ignition Engine", Journal of Thermal Science Vol.18, No.4 (2009) 382−384 and Article ID: 1003-
2169(2009)04-0382-03
[15]. Hariram.V and Vagesh Shangar. R (2014) entitled paper "Effect of Madhuca Indica Biodiesel Blends on Performance and Emission
Parameters in a Single Cylinder Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine" International Journal of Engineering Sciences &
Research Technology, ISSN: 2277-9655

[16]. B. De.P. K. Bose and R. S. Panua (2012) entitled paper "An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emissions
Characteristics of Jatropha Oil Blends with Diesel in a Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine", J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. C
(July–September 2012) 93(3):203–208, The Institution of Engineers (India) 2012.
[17]. A.F.Sherwani, A. Sharma, and A.K.Yadav (2013) entitled paper "Comparative Analysis of Performance and Emission Parameters
of A C.I. Engine Fuelled With Different Blends Of Biodiesel Derived From Mahua Oil And Waste Cooking Oil "International
Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-8753
[18]. N. Kapilan and R. P. Reddy (2007) entitled paper "Evaluation of Methyl Esters of Mahua Oil (Madhuca Indica) as Diesel Fuel" J
Am Oil Chem Soc (2008) 85:185–188
[19]. V.Maniniyan and S.Sivaprakasam (2012) entitled paper "Performance, combustion and emission evaluation in DI diesel engine
using diesel and biodiesel" Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) ISSN: 2229-712X
[20]. Biswajit De and R. S. Panua (2015) entitled paper "Performance and emission characteristics of diesel and vegetable oil blends in a
direct injection VCR engine" J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. (2016) 38:633–641 and The Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences
and Engineering 2015.
[21]. Ganesh Shirsath, M.S.Tandale, S.V.Khandal, S.Guluwadi, N.R.Banapurmath, V.S.Yaliwal and P. G.Tewari (2012) entitled paper
"Blends of karanja and jatropha biodiesels for diesel engine applications" International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 5:3,
252-264 and ISSN: 1939-7038

F1303013440

More Related Content

What's hot (18)

Viewers also liked (20)

Similar to F1303013440 (20)

More from IOSR Journals (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

F1303013440