Fabication of ic presentation
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Jack Kilby invented the integrated circuit (IC) at Texas Instruments in 1958. An IC incorporates multiple electronic components, like transistors, diodes and resistors, onto a single semiconductor chip to form a complete circuit. This was a solution to the size limitations of building complex circuits out of individual vacuum tubes. In 1959, Robert Noyce improved upon Kilby's design by using silicon instead of germanium as the semiconductor material. ICs allowed electronics to rapidly shrink in size and grow more powerful due to being able to integrate thousands of components onto a single small chip. ICs replaced vacuum tubes and transformed electronics, enabling the digital revolution.
Fabication of ic presentation
- 2. Integerated Circuit: integrated circuit (IC) is a electronic device made out of a semiconductor material. OR Integrated circuits, also called "chips“. In electronic circuits where all the components (transistors, diodes, resistors and capacitors) manufactured on the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material. The first integrated circuit was developed in the 1950s by Jack Kilby .
- 4. EE439/539 IC Fabrication Technology: Brief History • 1940s - setting the stage - the initial inventions that made integrated circuits possible. In 1945, William Shockley, included, John Bardeen develop a semiconductor replacement for the vacuum tube. In 1947 Bardeen and Shockley succeeded in creating a device that l known as a transistor. 1 Lecture #1
- 5. Why We Need To Manufacture Ic First engineers had to use vacuum tubes . .The size of vacuum tube is large. When engineers tried to build complex circuits using the vacuum tube, they quickly became aware of its limitat When the transistor . Small, fast, reliable and effective, it quickly replaced the vacuum tube.
- 6. W. Shockley J. Bardeen W. Brattain 1st transistor in 1947 by Bell Lab, it is a transistor. Some history in IC industry: first transistor Base is n-type Ge. Emitter and collector are two metal wires, which are very thin and pushed onto the Ge 6
- 7. Problems Problem was the size of the circuits. A complex circuit, like a computer, was dependent on speed. In 1958 Jack Kilby at found a solution to this problem. . Kilby's idea was to make all the components and the chip out of the same block of semiconductor material .
- 8. Integrated Circuit (IC) invented by Kilby from TI: Texas Instrument Jack Kilby, Nobel Prize in Physics in 2000 IC: integrate multiple components on the same chip and to interconnect them to form a circuit. A simple oscillator IC with five integrated components (resistors, capacitors, distributed capacitors and transistors) on Ge substrate. 8
- 9. Kilby's invention had a serious drawback. In 1959 Robert Noyce came up with his own idea for the integrated circuit . The main difference was the material Noyce used silicon while Kilby used germanium for the making of ics. Monolithic: made from same substrate Planar technology Planar process invented in the late 1950s 9
- 10. Integrated circuits Integrated Circuits play a very important part in electronics. Most are specially made for a specific task and contain up to thousands of transistors, diodes and resistors. Special purposes IC's such as audio-amplifiers, FM radios. Some of the simple Integrated Circuits are shown in figure Figure7.1
- 11. 11 Pentium IV 1st transistor 1947 1st electronic computer ENIAC (1946) Vacuum Tuber 1st computer(1832) Explosive growth of computing power Macroelectronics Microelectronics Nanoelectronics