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Farhad Soil Dyn Presentation.pdf
This document discusses several cases of dam failure including the causes, history of failures from earthquakes, and effects on human life. The key causes of dam failure discussed are overtopping from inadequate spillway design or heavy rainfall, seepage in the foundation or embankment, cracking from heavy movements or earthquakes, liquefaction, and piping which is the erosion of soil particles under the embankment. Historical examples of dam failures from earthquakes are provided from Japan, India, and California. Recommendations to prevent failure include using well-compacted materials, emergency spillways, stable slope ratios, larger dams, concrete reinforcement, and clay soils for embankments.
Farhad Soil Dyn Presentation.pdf
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- 2. In this papercases are discussed 1-Causes/Reasons of Dam Failure 2-Failure of Earth Fill Dames Due to Earth Quake & History 3-Effects of Dame Failure on Human Life 4-Design Faults and design safety of Dames 5-History of Dam Failure 6-Earth Fill Dams Advantages Introduction
- 3. Causes of DamFailure 1-Over Topping 1-Over Topping is due to Inadequate Spillway Design 2-Heavy rain fall or cloud burst for long time 1-Seepage in in foundation or Embankment 2-30% of All dames fails due to Seepage of water 2-Foundation Defects 3-Cracking 1-It is Caused by Heavy Movements or Vibrations 2-It is Caused by Earthquake 4-Liquifaction The slide in the upstream shell is shown here with the reservoir emptied. The paved road surface identifies the former crest of the dam.
- 4. Causes of DamFailure 5-Piping Piping is Actually the erosion of the soil particle under the embankment which causes collapse of embankment 6-Disaster/Earthqauke During earthquake shaking abutments and foundations may shift and move allowing the dam to tilt, rotate, or slide and lose structural integrity. Slope failures on or near the dam may allow the reservoir to overtop the dam or failure material to block spillways and outlets
- 5. Causes of DamFailure 5-Piping Piping is Actually the erosion of the soil particle under the embankment which causes collapse of embankment 6-Disaster/Earthqauke During earthquake shaking abutments and foundations may shift and move allowing the dam to tilt, rotate, or slide and lose structural integrity. Slope failures on or near the dam may allow the reservoir to overtop the dam or failure material to block spillways and outlets
- 6. Failure of DamesSurvey
- 7. History & Failureof Earth Fill Dams Date & Nomenclature Magnitude Country Dam Affected/Damage Duration 26,May 1983 Nihon-kai-Chube Earthquake 7.8 Japan Yamanaka Dam 60 Second 11-Mar-2011 Tohoku Earthquake 9.1 Japan Fujinuma Dam Caused Tsunami for 30 minutes January 2011 Bhuj Earthquake 7.6 India Chang Dam 120 Seconds San Francisco Earthquake 8.25 California No Damage in 8Km But Some Failed due to Slope 75 Second
- 8. Results 1-Dames affected dueto Earthquake mostly Small dames 2-Dames Resist Earthquake was Large dames 3-Dames having proper slope ratio will resist Earthquake for long time 4-Most of Dames collapse due to Liquefaction & Seepage During Earthquake
- 9. Conclusion and Recommendation 1-UseBest Compacted material to prevent Erosion and Seepage 2-Provide Emergency Spillways to divert the water during Flooding & Blocking of Spillway 3-Use 1:2 & 1:3 Embankment Slope which resist water pressure more efficiently 4-Construct Large dames because it resist Pressure more than small dames 5-Provide hexagonal concrete block at side slope of critical parts of Dames 6-Use Clay Soil for embankment slopes