Farming techniques

Farming techniques

• 1.
  Farming techniques Aquaculture (Aquatic farming)
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   Aquaculture, alsoknown as aqua farming, is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic plants.  Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish.  Broadly speaking, finfish and shellfish fisheries can be conceptualized as akin to hunting and gathering while aquaculture is akin to agriculture.
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   Mari culturerefers to aquaculture practiced in marine environments and in underwater habitats.  According to the FAO, aquaculture "is understood to mean the farming of aquatic organisms including fish, mollusks, crustaceans and aquatic plants. Farming implies some form of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc.  Farming also implies individual or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated.
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   The reportedoutput from global aquaculture operations would supply one half of the fish and shellfish that is directly consumed by humans; however, there are issues about the reliability of the reported figures.  Further, in current aquaculture practice, products from several pounds of wild fish are used to produce one pound of a piscivorous fish like salmon.  Particular kinds of aquaculture include fish farming, shrimp farming, oyster farming, alga culture (such as seaweed farming), and the cultivation of ornamental fish. Particular methods include aquaponics and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, both of which integrate fish farming and plant farming.
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  Aquaculture installations inSouthern Chile
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  Global harvest ofaquatic organisms in million tonnes, 1950–2010, as reported by the FAO
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  Aquaculture around theworld  In 2004, the total world production of fisheries was 140 million tonnes of which aquaculture contributed 45 million tonnes, about one third.  The growth rate of worldwide aquaculture has been sustained and rapid, averaging about 8 percent per annum for over thirty years, while the take from wild fisheries has been essentially flat for the last decade.  The aquaculture market reached $86 billion in 2009.
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   Aquaculture isan especially important economic activity in China. Between 1980 and 1997, the Chinese Bureau of Fisheries reports, aquaculture harvests grew at an annual rate of 16.7 percent, jumping from 1.9 million tonnes to nearly 23 million tonnes.  In 2005, China accounted for 70% of world production.  Aquaculture is also currently one of the fastest growing areas of food production in the U.S.  Approximately 90% of all U.S. shrimp consumption is farmed and imported.
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  Global aquaculture productionin million tonnes, 1950–2010, as reported by the FAO
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  Main aquaculture countriesin 2010
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  THE  END
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  Done By: S.Vijay Parthiban:IX Standard “D “Section.