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FATS UNIT 4.pptx B.Sc nursing 2nd sem applied nutrition and dietics unit 4
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- 2. FATS 12/08/2024 ADD A FOOTER 2 •Fat is also known as fatty acid. Fats are like a carbohydrates are composed of three element carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. • Body stores fat for protection, warmth, and energy. Different types of fats, which are, saturated and unsaturated, keep our body healthy in different ways.
- 3. DEFINITION 12/08/2024 ADD A FOOTER 3 •Fats are defined as esters of fatty acid with alcohol. • Fats can also defined as “ compounds in which one molecules of glycerol is combined with three molecules of fatty acid”.
- 4. CLASSIFICATION OF FATS 12/08/2024 ADDA FOOTER 4 1. BASED ON THE NATURE: (a) Visible fat (b) Invisible fats. 1. BASED ON THE ORIGIN (a) Plants fat (b) Animal fats
- 5. 12/08/2024 ADD A FOOTER 5 •VISIBLE FATS: Which can be see with the naked eyes and can easily derives out from the food. Eg: Animal fat, butter, desi ghee and vegetable oil. • INVISBILE FATS: It is not visible part of food and can not easily extracted out . Eg: milk products, cereals and pulses. • PLANT FATS: Have higher percentage of unsaturated fatty acid. They are liquid at room temperature and have low melting point. Ex: Olive oil, sunflower oil and coconut oil. • ANIMAL FAT: higher concentration of saturated fatty acids. They are solid at room temperature and have high melting point. Ex: butter an desi ghee.
- 6. LIPIDS 12/08/2024 ADD A FOOTER 6 •LIPIDS: fats and oils belongs to a group of compound called lipids. They are characterized by greasy feel, insolubility in water and solubililty in some organic solvent.
- 7. CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS 12/08/2024 ADDA FOOTER 7 1.BASED ON STRUCTURAL COMPONENT. 2. COMPOUND AND CONJUGATED LIPIDS. 3. PRECURSOR AND DERVIED LIPIDS. 4. STEROL
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- 9. 1. BASED ONSTRUCTURAL COMPONENT 12/08/2024 ADD A FOOTER 9 A. SIMPLE LIPIDS: They are made up of three fatty acids attached to glycerol. Simple lipids constitute more than 98% of food and body fats. Ex: cooking oil and butter. B. COMPOUND AND CONJUGATED LIPID: they are fats in which at least one fatty acid is replaced by carbohydrates protein or phosphorus i.e fats + non fat molecules. Ex: phospholipids and glycolipid and lipoprotein.
- 10. Conti….. 12/08/2024 ADD A FOOTER 10 3.DERIVED LIPIDS: They are breakdown products of fats and includes diglycerides, monoglycerides, glycerol and fatty acid. 4. STEROL: They are made up of fatty acid glycerol but have benzene ring structure. These fat like substance includes cholesterol and fat soluble vitamin A,D,E and K.
- 11. FATTY ACIDS 12/08/2024 ADD AFOOTER 11 • Fatty acids are merely carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon chains. • The most common fatty acids are listed. Note that there are two groups of fatty acids--saturated and unsaturated. • A few fatty acids have branched chains; others contain ring structures (e.g., prostaglandins). Fatty acids are not found in a free state in nature; commonly they exist in combination with glycerol (an alcohol) in the form of triglyceride.
- 12. CLASSIFICATION OF FATTYACID 12/08/2024 ADD A FOOTER 12 1. BASED ON THE FATTY ACID PRESENT. 2. BASED ON THE BASIC NEED: (a). Essential fatty acid (b). Non essential fatty acid.
- 13. CLASSIFICATION OF FATTYACID BASED ON THE PRESENT OF FATTY ACID 12/08/2024 ADD A FOOTER 13
- 14. SATURATED FATTY ACID 12/08/2024 ADDA FOOTER 14 • Saturated fatty acid do not have any double bonds all atoms are linked by single bonds in their structure. • Saturated fatty acid are solids at room temperature and have high melting point. • Saturated fatty acid founds in aminal but there is some exception. Eg: Cocunut oil and palm oil. • Example of fatty acid stearic acid, butyric acid.
- 15. UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS 12/08/2024 ADDA FOOTER 15 • Unsaturated fatty acid can have one or more double bonds along their hydrocarbon chain. • It is liquid at room temperature and have low melting point. • Example: unsaturated fatty acid further divided into 2 types. 1. Monounsaturated acid. 2. Polyunsaturated acid.
- 16. MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ACID 12/08/2024 ADDA FOOTER 16 • They have one double bond between the carbon atom • They have mainly found in vegetable oils. Ex: corn oil, olive oil, groundnut oil. • there is exception fish oil contain mono and poly saturated fatty acid. And it is a liquid.
- 17. POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID 12/08/2024 ADDA FOOTER 17 • Fatty acid with two or more double bonds are called polyunsaturated fatty acid. These are also mostly found in vegetable oils. • Ex: linoleic acid.
- 18. CHOLESTEROL 12/08/2024 ADD A FOOTER 18 •It is a fat like substance present in food. It is different in structure from triglyceride. • It is present in all cells of the body, large amount of cholesterol is also present in sebum secreted by sebaceous glands • The blood of normal human being contain 150-250mg/100ml blood. • The human body gets cholesterol from 2 sources, one is food and 2nd is synthesise in liver.
- 19. FUNCTION OF CHOLESTROL 12/08/2024 ADDA FOOTER 19 • Cholesterol is a precursor of all steroid hormones. • It is also a precursor of vitamin D. • It is an essential constitute of cell membranes. • It is required for formation of bile. • If is is consumed in excess, it leads to disease of the cardiovascular system.
- 20. SOURCES OF FATS 12/08/2024 ADDA FOOTER 20 ANIMAL SOURCES • Ghee, butter, milk, cheese. • Egg , yolk, meat, fish. VEGETABLES SOURCES • Groundnut , mustard, soyabean sesame • Coconut, almond, cashew, sunflower. OTHER SOURCES • cereals., pulses • Vegetable.
- 21. FOOD CONTENT OFFOOD 12/08/2024 ADD A FOOTER 21 GHEE AND OIL 100 g/100g BUTTER 81g/100g COCONUT 62g/100g CHEESE 23g/100g SOYABEAN 19g/100g GROUND NUT 25g/100g
- 22. RDA OF FAT 12/08/2024 ADDA FOOTER 22 • Dietary guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) recommend a daily fat intake between 20% and 35% of your total daily calories. For a 2,000-calorie diet, this equals 400–700 fat calories per day. • ADULT: 20-40g/day. • Pregnant and lactating mother: 30g/dl.
- 23. FUNCTION OF FATS 12/08/2024 ADDA FOOTER 23 • Energy. • Thermal insulation. • Protein sparing action. • Protection of vital organ. • Absorption of fat soluble vitamins. • Satiety value. • Synthesis of hormones. • Precursors of prostaglandins.
- 24. DIGESTION AND ABSORPTIONOF FATS 12/08/2024 ADD A FOOTER 24 • Bile salts from liver coat fat droplets. • Pancreatic lipase and colipase break down fats Into monoglycerides and fatty acids stored in micelles. • Monoglycerides and fatty acids move out of micelles and enter cells by diffusion. • Cholesterol is transported into cells by a membrane transporter. • Absorbed fats combine with cholesterol and proteins in the Intestinal cells to form chylomicrons.
- 25. METABOLISM OF FATS 12/08/2024 ADDA FOOTER 25 The liver assists in the oxidation of fats for Deposition in tissue that is adipose tissue.
- 26. EFFECT OF DIFICIENCYOF FAT 12/08/2024 ADD A FOOTER 26 • PHRYNODERMA: The term phrynoderma means toad skin. It is characterized by horny papular eruption on the posterior and lateral aspect of thigh and on the back of buttuck.
- 27. EFFECTS OF EXCESSIVEFAT 12/08/2024 ADD A FOOTER 27 OBESITY: • For adults, WHO defines overweight and obesity as follows: • overweight is a BMI greater than or equal to 25; and • obesity is a BMI greater than or equal to 30.
- 28. CONTI… 12/08/2024 ADD A FOOTER 28 HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIAAND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: • Hypercholesterolemia is a lipid disorder in which your low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or bad cholesterol, is too high. This makes fat collect in your arteries ( atherosclerosis), which puts you at a higher risk of heart attack and stroke. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular disease, • OR blood cholesterol level above 250mg/100ml.
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