Fire Fighting Theory
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1. The document provides an overview of fire safety training, including definitions of fire, fire classifications, fire extinguishers, and emergency response procedures. 2. It details the principles of fire extinction through starvation, smothering, and cooling. Methods of fire spreading through conduction, radiation, and convection are also explained. 3. Proper firefighting techniques and safety procedures in the event of a fire are outlined, such as following the PASS method for using a fire extinguisher and RACE for fire emergency response.
Fire Fighting Theory
- 3. What you will learn What is Fire Classes of Fire - What to do in Case of Fire Types of Extinguishers How to Use an Extinguisher Methods of Extinguishing First Responder Emergency Response team Development
- 4. Fire is man’s best friend & worst enemy
- 5. It is a source of heat and light It illuminates our homes, drives our automobiles, flies our aircraft, etc.
- 6. Fire when out of control has no friends no moral values respects no barriers & recognizes no boundaries
- 7. Definition of Fire Exothermic chemical reaction followed by the evolution of heat and light
- 8. Heat Fuel Air TRIANGLE OF FIRE
- 10. Petrol Kerosene Fire & its speed
- 12. Basic Definitions Flammable Limit of a material is a % by volume mixture of its vapours with air within which it will burn (explode)
- 15. Flammable Limits Note: Oil will not burn if not vaporising or not having any space above its surface. LEL % UEL %
- 16. PRINCIPLES OF EXTINCTION
- 17. PRINCIPLES OF EXTINCTION 1. STARVATION Heat Air Removing or limitation of fuel
- 18. Heat Fuel PRINCIPLES OF EXTINCTION 2.SMOTHERING limitation of oxygen
- 19. Air Fuel PRINCIPLES OF EXTINCTION 3.COOLING Removal of heat
- 22. FIRE SPREADING (CONDUCTION)
- 23. FIRE SPREADING (RADIATION)
- 25. Classifications of Fire
- 26. Solid Wood Cloth Paper Rubber Plastic
- 27. Liquid & Gases Gasoline Paints Tars Methane Acetylene Propane Etc.
- 28. Electric Fire that involve energized electrical Equipment.
- 29. Metals Magnesium Titanium Zirconium Sodium Lithium Potassium
- 30. Classifications of Fire NFPA Wood , paper,cloth etc. Liquids (oils, paints etc.) & Gases Energized Electrical Appliances Metals ( like magnesium, aluminum etc.)
- 31. Classifications of Fire BS/EN
- 32. Common Causes of Fire Physical Cause Chemical Cause Biological Cause Radiological Cause
- 33. Fire Protection Systems Fire Extinguishers Fire Alarm & Detection Systems Fire Hydrants Hose Cabinets & Risers Fixed Installations (Powder, Gas, Foam etc.)
- 34. Types of Extinguishers Type of fire extinguishers are classified by the type of fires on which they may be used
- 36. FIRE EXTINGUISHER FOR CLASSES “A” “B” “C’ & ‘D’ FIRES
- 37. Fire Extinguishers Contents Foam Dry Chemical Powder CO 2 Expelling Agents CO 2 (Internal or External Cartridges) Nitrogen Mechanism
- 38. Stored Pressure Fire Extinguishers CO 2
- 39. How to use a Fire Extinguisher Use the PASS System
- 40. PASS Pull Aim Squeeze Sweep
- 41. Pull Pull the Pin This will allow you to discharge the extinguisher
- 42. Aim Aim at the base of the fire. If you aim at the flames, the extinguishing agent will fly.
- 43. Squeeze Squeeze the top handle or lever. This depresses a button that releases the pressurized extinguishing agent in the extinguisher
- 44. Sweep Sweep from side to side until the fire is completely out.
- 45. Fire Routine What to do in case of a Fire ?
- 46. 1 Raise fire alarm or shout fire fire What to do in case of a fire?
- 47. Telephone City Fire Brigade 16 2 What to do in case of a fire? 1. Raise Fire Alarm or Shout Fire Fire
- 48. 3 Use appropriate Fire extinguisher What to do in case of a fire? 1. Raise Fire Alarm or Shout Fire Fire 2. Telephone City Fire Brigade 16
- 49. What to do in case of a fire? 1. Raise Fire Alarm or Shout Fire Fire 2. Telephone City Fire Brigade 16 3. Use appropriate Fire Extinguishers 4 Shut / switch off necessary Valves / Switches
- 50. Assemble at Muster Point 5 What to do in case of a fire? 1. Raise Fire Alarm or Shout Fire Fire 2. Telephone City Fire Brigade 16 3. Use appropriate Fire Extinguisher 4. Shut / switch off necessary Valves / Switches
- 51. 1. Raise Fire Alarm or shout fire fire 2. Telephone City Fire Brigade 16 3.Use appropriate Fire Extinguisher if Safe 4. Shut / Switch off (necessary valves / switches) 5. Assemble at Muster Point What to do in case of a fire?
- 52. Fire Emergency Response R escue A larm C ontain E xtinguish R A C E
- 53. Fire Fighting Hints Always “Size Up” the fire Select the proper Extinguishing Agent
- 54. Work on side of fire where it is extending Do not use Fire Extinguisher/ Water until fire is seen Fire Fighting Hints
- 55. Attack the fire until it “Dies – Out”. Hit it again if it rekindles Fire Fighting Hints
- 56. Do not hit hot glass with water unless you want to break it Use all available means for personal protection Check carefully all possible avenues of fire travel Fire Fighting Hints
- 57. If you have to force open a door, smash a panel near the lock, so you may be able to get a hand to unlock the door from inside Don’t enter a burning building or room without Extinguishing media or Proper cover Fire Fighting Hints
- 58. Feel door handles or knobs with the back of an ungloved hand before opening the doors. A hot handle is a good indicator of fire on the other side. Don’t stand in front of the door stay to one side, keep low, and open the door. this will allow the heat and smoke to pass overhead Fire Fighting Hints
- 59. Keep close to the walls, when moving across a room or down stairs, which may have been weakened by the effects of fire Fire Fighting Hints
- 60. When having to crawl down stairs; come backwards, with feet first Fire Fighting Hints
- 61. If a burning room gets too hot for you, shut the door as you retreat; it restricts the air supply Fire Fighting Hints
- 62. Self Survival
- 63. Smoke, heat and gases can choke and kill you after a few breaths If you are caught in smoke, get down and crawl
- 64. Stop, Drop and Roll!
- 65. Another enemy is the Elevator Never use in case of fire
- 66. Have a prepared escape plan showing your escape routes Close doors behind you Self Survival
- 67. Self Survival If you are trapped Think Seal off cracks around doors and vents with cloth or rug. Soak them if water is nearby Shut off fans and air conditioners Be calm. Rescue may be moments away
- 68. Safely lower yourself like this If your escape route is blocked
- 69. Signal at the window Self Survival If there is a phone, call the fire department and tell them where you are, even if they are already on the scene
- 70. Casualty Handling & Transportation Techniques
- 71. Pick a Back To carry light weight casualties
- 72. Cradle To carry children
- 73. Removal Down Stairs / Dragging Unconscious casualty
- 74. Fireman’s Crawl To bring an unconscious casualty from a smoke filled room
- 75. Fore & Aft Carry To carry an unconscious casualty
- 76. Two Handed Seat To carry an unconscious casualty
- 77. Three Handed Seat To carry a casualty with one leg injured
- 78. Four Handed Seat To carry a heavier and conscious casualty
- 80. Orthopaedic Stretcher This scoop stretcher is used to lift the casualty who must be moved in the position he/she is found Not to carry the casualty
- 81. Blanket Lift To lift the Casualty from ground & To load the casualty on stretcher
- 82. Lifting & Carrying the Stretcher
- 83. Improvised Stretchers Use of door and other planks
- 84. Improvised Stretchers Use of blanket
- 89. ACCIDENTS DURING THE LAST 20 YEARS NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS Technical Measures Process Safety Measures Human Factors Measures
- 92. Clean up
- 93. Clean up all spillages
- 94. Dispose off rubbish safely
- 95. Keep fire exits clear
- 96. Keep equipment clean & well maintained
- 97. Don’t use more then one appliance from one socket
- 98. While leaving the office, switch off all electrical appliances
- 99. Get Fire Safety Training
- 100. Keep flammables in tightly closed containers
- 101. Keep your place neat and tidy
- 102. Plan two ways to escape
- 103. Don’t smoke in ‘No Smoking’ Areas
- 104. Know the location of Mains, Gas Valves & Fire Point
- 105. Follow the Checklist Before any Hot Work
- 106. Housekeeping & Fire Safety
- 109. A place for every thing And everything at its place
- 111. Are the premises kept clear of combustible waste and refuse?
- 112. Are metal receptacles with closely fitting lids available for waste such as floor sweepings?
- 113. Are separate clearly labeled containers provided for waste with special hazards - flammable liquids, swarf, paint rags, oily rags? OILY RAGS
- 114. Are waste containers removed from the building at the end of each working day or more frequently if necessary?
- 115. Is waste put out in a safe place awaiting disposal?
- 116. Are cupboards, lift shafts, spaces under benches, gratings, conveyor belts and behind radiators, and similar places kept free from dust and rubbish?
- 117. Are areas in and around the buildings kept free from accumulated packing materials and pallets?
- 118. L.P.G Cylinders Are liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinders safely preferably in a fenced compound outdoors at least 2m away from any boundary fences?
- 119. Is the store used only for cylinder storage?
- 120. Are empty cylinders treated in the same manner, but kept separate and labeled empty?
- 121. Are permanent warning notices prominently displayed prohibiting smoking and naked lights?
- 122. Are cylinders stored with their valves uppermost?
- 123. Are storage areas accessible to fire fighters?
- 124. Are stack sizes kept as small as practicable in the circumstances?
- 125. Are stacks stable and not liable to collapse easily?
- 126. Are stocks of material arranged so that Fire detectors are not impeded and the required clearance beneath this equipment maintained?
- 127. Are stock kept well clear of light fixtures and hot service pipes?
- 128. Are all outside contractors supervised while on the premises and their work is authorized by hot work permit schemes?
- 129. Are all stock of flammable liquids kept in purpose built flammable liquid stores?
- 130. Is the flammable liquids store kept un-congested and tidy?
- 131. Are flammable liquids carried in specially designed safety containers and not open cans and buckets etc.?
- 132. Are flammable liquids kept away from possible source of ignition?
- 133. Are suitable spark reducing tools provided for use in places where there may be Flammable vapours?
- 134. Are all Machines subjected to Scheduled Maintenance
- 135. Is machinery located so as to avoid congestion among machines and materials?
- 136. Are motors and all moving parts of Machinery kept clean to avoid overheating?
- 137. Are drip trays used where necessary and emptied regularly?
- 138. Are there restrictions on using unauthorized heaters?
- 139. Are combustible materials at a distance of 3 ft from heater?
- 140. Are portable heaters securely guarded and placed where they cannot be knocked over or ignite Combustibles?
- 141. Do not put the toys or other things over the heater
- 142. Is smoking prohibited in all areas where it is particularly, dangerous such as: *Production areas, workshops and other places where materials and waste produced is readily combustible? * Store rooms and warehouse? *Packing and unpacking areas? *Loading and unloading areas? *Infrequently visited areas?
- 143. Are these receptacles emptied at least once a day?
- 144. Are drains provided and are they kept clear of blockages by routine inspection and cleaning?
- 145. Are hydrants, fire extinguishers, fire alarm and sprinkler systems regularly maintained by qualified people?
- 146. Are fire and smoke doors kept closed Whenever possible and always after working hours?
- 147. FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Are routine checks made to ensure equipment has not been obscured, moved or damaged?
- 148. Join hands to save our people and property from the ferocity of ruthless fires
Editor's Notes
- #53: ASK “WHAT DO I DO IF I SEE A FIRE?” R ESCUE VICTIMS. A LARM ACTIVATION TO SUMMON HELP. C ONTAIN FIRE TO PREVENT SPREAD--CLOSE DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUT OFF EXHAUST, ETC. E XTINGUISH THE FLAMES--PUT THE FIRE OUT.