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FGT 2 - Lecture (Group 1)_20250925_085403_0000.pdf
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- 2. UNIT 1: DEMONSTRATE UNIT1: DEMONSTRATE AN UNDERSTANDING ON AN UNDERSTANDING ON THE VARIOUS THE VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL PRACTICES INDUSTRIAL PRACTICES IN THE GARMENT IN THE GARMENT INDUSTRY INDUSTRY UNIT 1: DEMONSTRATE AN UNDERSTANDING ON THE VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL PRACTICES IN THE GARMENT INDUSTRY
- 3. 1.1 INDUSTRIAL METHODS & PRACTICESIN THE GARMENT INDUSTRY
- 4. -FABRIC MANUFACTURING -DYEING & FINISHING -CUTTING &SEWING -GARMENT ASSEMBLY -FABRIC MANUFACTURING -DYEING & FINISHING -CUTTING & SEWING -GARMENT ASSEMBLY -QUALITY CONTROL -SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT -SUSTAINABILITY AND ETHICAL PRACTICES -COMPLIANCE & CERTIFICATION -QUALITY CONTROL -SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT -SUSTAINABILITY AND ETHICAL PRACTICES -COMPLIANCE & CERTIFICATION
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- 6. Fabric manufacturing is theprocess of converting fibers into fabrics. It is the foundation of garment production because the quality of fabric determines the quality of the final garment. FABRIC MANUFACTURING
- 7. The first stepin fabric manufacturing is selecting the right type of fiber. Fibers may be natural, such as cotton, silk, or wool, or synthetic, such as polyester, nylon, and acrylic. The type of fiber chosen affects the texture, durability, and appearance of the fabric. FIBER SELECTION
- 8. Once fibers areselected, they are spun into yarns. This process may be done using methods like ring spinning, rotor spinning, or air-jet spinning. Yarn production prepares the fibers for the next stage of fabric formation. YARN PRODUCTION
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- 11. 1. Weaving- interlaces warpand weft yarns to form fabrics like plain, twill, or satin. FABRIC FORMATION METHODS
- 12. 2. Knitting- interloops yarnsto create stretchable fabrics, commonly used in t-shirts and sweaters. FABRIC FORMATION METHODS
- 13. 3. Nonwoven- fabrics aremade by bonding fibers using heat, adhesives, or mechanical methods. FABRIC FORMATION METHODS
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- 15. DYEING Dyeing is theprocess of applying color to textiles. This step improves the fabric’s aesthetic value and allows it to meet fashion and market demands.
- 16. STAGES OF DYEING Dyeingcan be done at different stages of textile production: 1.Fiber Dyeing- applies color before fibers are spun into yarn.
- 17. STAGES OF DYEING 2.YarnDyeing- colors yarns before they are woven or knitted.
- 18. STAGES OF DYEING 3.Fabric Dyeing- is applied after the fabric is made.
- 19. STAGES OF DYEING 4.GarmentDyeing- colors the garment after it is fully assembled.
- 20. METHODS OF DYEING 1.Batch Dyeing- immerses fabric in a dye bath.gradually transfers dye from a dyebath to a textile material within the same equipment, often involving circulation of either the fabric, the dye bath, or both, to ensure the dye exhausts into the fibers.
- 21. METHODS OF DYEING 2.Continuous Dyeing- is an industrial textile process where fabric moves through a series of stages, including dye application, fixation with heat or chemicals, and washing, in a single, continuous operation.
- 22. METHODS OF DYEING 3.Printing- applies color in specific designs and patterns, often using modern digital printing machines.Digital printing uses an inkjet printer with fabric sheets or treated fabric for detailed, photo-realistic designs.
- 23. FINISHING Finishing is thefinal stage of fabric production. It improves the look, feel, and functionality of fabrics, making them more attractive and suitable for specific uses.
- 24. MECHANICAL FINISHES Calendaring- isa mechanical finishing process that involves passing fabric between heated, high-pressure rollers to flatten it and create various surface effects, smooths the fabric and gives it a glossy effect.
- 25. MECHANICAL FINISHES Sanforizing- isa mechanical treatment applied to woven fabrics, most commonly cottons like denim, to pre-shrink them by using steam, heat, and pressure.It prevents fabrics from shrinking.
- 26. MECHANICAL FINISHES Brushing andraising- are similar mechanical fabric finishing processes that lift surface fibers to create a soft,and improve thermal properties, in short it creates a soft, fuzzy texture for comfort.
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- 28. CUTTING Cutting refers to theprocess of cutting fabric into specific shapes and sizes to create garment components.
- 29. SEWING Sewing refers tothe process of joining garment components together using thread and needle.
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- 31. GARMENT ASSEMBLY Garment assembly refersto the process of combining cut and sewn components to create a complete garment.
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- 34. QUALITY CONTROL Quality control refersto the process of inspecting and evaluating garments to ensure they meet quality standards.
- 35. 5 KEY DEFECTSIN CLOTHING THAT QUALITY CONTROL INSPECTORS LOOK OUT FOR
- 36. Issues like fabric tears,holes,or printing errors can affect the overall appearance and quality of the garment. FABRIC DEFECTS
- 37. STITCHING ERRORS Problems likeuneven stitching, loose threads, or broken seams can compromise the garment's durability and construction.
- 38. SIZING ISSUES Garments thatare not made to the correct size or measurements can lead to fit problems, making the garment unwearable or uncomfortable.
- 39. COLOR INCONSISTENCIES Variations incolor shade or tone between different parts of the garment, such as between the body and sleeves, can be a defect.
- 40. HARDWARE ISSUES Problems withzippers, buttons, or other hardware, such as broken zippers, loose buttons, or mismatched buttons, can affect the garment's functionality and overall quality.
- 41. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT •Is a process of making garments from raw materials to delivery. • Includes fabric sourcing, production, transport, and distribution. • Ensures products are made on time and reach customers efficiently.
- 42. • Use ofeco-friendly fabrics and energy-saving methods. • Recycling waste and reducing pollution in production. • Fair treatment of workers with safe conditions and fair wages. SUSTAINABILITY & ETHICAL PRACTICES
- 43. COMPLIANCE & CERTIFICATION •Following laws, safety, and industry standards. • Certifications (e.g., ISO, Fair Trade) prove the quality and ethical practices. • Builds trust with customers and shows responsibility.
- 44. 1.2 FOUR SECTIONS OFQUALITY CONTROLLING PROCESS
- 45. -MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT -CUTTING DEPARTMENT -SEWINGDEPARTMENT -FINISHING DEPARTMENT -MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT -CUTTING DEPARTMENT -SEWING DEPARTMENT -FINISHING DEPARTMENT
- 46. MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT This iswhere raw materials like fabrics, zippers, and buttons are checked. The goal is to make sure they are strong, clean, and free from defects before use. Good quality control here prevents waste and problems later in production.
- 47. CUTTING DEPARTMENT This sectionis where fabrics are cut into garment pieces. Quality control ensures the fabric is laid properly and cut accurately according to patterns. Proper cutting avoids mistakes in size, shape, and fitting, making sewing easier.
- 48. SEWING DEPARTMENT The sewingdepartment is where all the cut fabric pieces are stitched together to make a complete garment. It is the heart of garment production because this is where clothes actually take shape.
- 51. FINISHING DEPARTMENT The finishingdepartment is the last step of garment production. Here, clothes are cleaned up, pressed, labeled, and checked for quality so they look neat and ready to sell.