File system
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This document discusses PHP file handling and file system inclusion. It covers including PHP files using include, require, include_once and require_once. It also covers opening, reading, writing and closing files with functions like fopen(), fread(), fwrite() and fclose(). Finally, it discusses uploading files in PHP including accessing file properties in the $_FILES superglobal, restrictions, and saving uploaded files.
![PHP FILE HANDLING
Opening a File
resource fopen (string filename, string mode [, bool use_include_path])
Function fopen() returns a descriptor of a file (unique number) or - false.
$handle = fopen("/home/folder1/file.txt", "w");
$handle = fopen("images/file.gif", "wb");
$handle = fopen("http://somesite/page.php", "r");
Closing a File
bool fclose ( resource handle)
fclose ($handle);](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/filesystem-200629204140/85/File-system-4-320.jpg)
![DIRECTORY AND FILE
string getcwd (void); // Get the current directory
bool chdir ( string $directory ); // change the directory
bool mkdir ( string $pathname [, int $mode ] );
bool rmdir ( string $dirname ); // directory must be empty
bool unlink ( string $filename ); // remove the file
bool file_exists ( string $filename ); // check whether a file or directory exists
bool chmod ( string $filename, int $mode ); //](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/filesystem-200629204140/85/File-system-7-320.jpg)
![upload_file.php
<?php
if ($_FILES["file"]["error"] > 0) {
echo "Error: " . $_FILES["file"]["error"] . "<br />";
} else {
echo "Upload: " . $_FILES["file"]["name"] . "<br />";
echo "Type: " . $_FILES["file"]["type"] . "<br />";
echo "Size: " . ($_FILES["file"]["size"] / 1024) . " Kb<br />";
echo "Stored in: " . $_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"];
}
?>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/filesystem-200629204140/85/File-system-10-320.jpg)
![$_FILES
$_FILES["file"]["name"] - the name of the uploaded file
$_FILES["file"]["type"] - the type of the uploaded file
$_FILES["file"]["size"] - the size in bytes of the uploaded file
$_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"] - the name of the temporary copy of the file stored on the server
$_FILES["file"]["error"] - the error code resulting from the file upload](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/filesystem-200629204140/85/File-system-11-320.jpg)
![RESTRICTIONS ON UPLOAD
<?php
if ( (($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/gif") ||
($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/jpeg") ||
($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/pjpeg"))
&&
($_FILES["file"]["size"] < 20000)) {
if ($_FILES["file"]["error"] > 0) {
echo "Error: " . $_FILES["file"]["error"] . "<br />";
} else {
echo "Upload: " . $_FILES["file"]["name"] . "<br />";
echo "Type: " . $_FILES["file"]["type"] . "<br />";
echo "Size: " . ($_FILES["file"]["size"] / 1024) . " Kb<br />";
echo "Stored in: " . $_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"];
}
} else {
echo "Invalid file";
}
?>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/filesystem-200629204140/85/File-system-12-320.jpg)
![SAVING THE UPLOADED FILE<?php
if ( (($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/gif")|| ($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/jpeg")
|| ($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/pjpeg")) && ($_FILES["file"]["size"] < 20000)) {
if ($_FILES["file"]["error"] > 0) {
echo "Return Code: " . $_FILES["file"]["error"] . "<br />";
} else {
echo "Upload: " . $_FILES["file"]["name"] . "<br />";
echo "Type: " . $_FILES["file"]["type"] . "<br />";
echo "Size: " . ($_FILES["file"]["size"] / 1024) . " Kb<br />";
echo "Temp file: " . $_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"] . "<br />";
if (file_exists("upload/" . $_FILES["file"]["name"])) {
echo $_FILES["file"]["name"] . " already exists. ";
} else {
move_uploaded_file($_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"],
"upload/" . $_FILES["file"]["name"]);
echo "Stored in: " . "upload/" . $_FILES["file"]["name"];
}
}
} else {
echo "Invalid file";
}
?>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/filesystem-200629204140/85/File-system-13-320.jpg)
File system
- 1. PHP AND FILE SYSTEM
- 2. INCLUSION PHP FILES IN THE PHP DOCUMENT include (URL); // or include URL; include_once (URL); require (URL); // or require URL; require_once (URL); Example: echo "first<br>"; include("second.php"); echo "first<br>"; If URL doesn’t exist the ‘require’ function results fatal error.
- 3. FILE MANIPULATION • Check the existence of a file • Create a file • Append to a file • Rename a file • Delete a file
- 4. PHP FILE HANDLING Opening a File resource fopen (string filename, string mode [, bool use_include_path]) Function fopen() returns a descriptor of a file (unique number) or - false. $handle = fopen("/home/folder1/file.txt", "w"); $handle = fopen("images/file.gif", "wb"); $handle = fopen("http://somesite/page.php", "r"); Closing a File bool fclose ( resource handle) fclose ($handle);
- 5. MODES FOR FILE OPEN mode Description 'r' Open for reading only; place the file pointer at the beginning of the file. 'r+' Open for reading and writing; place the file pointer at the beginning of the file. 'w' Open for writing only; place the file pointer at the beginning of the file and truncate the file to zero length. If the file does not exist, attempt to create it. 'w+' Open for reading and writing; place the file pointer at the beginning of the file and truncate the file to zero length. If the file does not exist, attempt to create it. 'a' Open for writing only; place the file pointer at the end of the file. If the file does not exist, attempt to create it. 'a+' Open for reading and writing; place the file pointer at the end of the file. If the file does not exist, attempt to create it. 'x' Create and open for writing only; place the file pointer at the beginning of the file. If the file already exists, the fopen() call will fail by returning FALSE and generating an error of level E_WARNING. If the file does not exist, attempt to create it. 'x+' Create and open for reading and writing; place the file pointer at the beginning of the file. If the file already exists, the fopen() call will fail by returning FALSE and generating an error of level E_WARNING. If the file does not exist, attempt to create it.
- 6. READ AND WRITE // file name $fiiename = "file.txt"; // open a file for reading $fd = fopen($filename, "r+" ) ; // read a file content to the $bufer $bufer = fread($fd, filesize($filename)); $bufer = htmlentities($bufer); // < -> < fwrite($bufer); // return // close a file fclose($fd); // out put a content to the browser echo $bufer;
- 7. DIRECTORY AND FILE string getcwd (void); // Get the current directory bool chdir ( string $directory ); // change the directory bool mkdir ( string $pathname [, int $mode ] ); bool rmdir ( string $dirname ); // directory must be empty bool unlink ( string $filename ); // remove the file bool file_exists ( string $filename ); // check whether a file or directory exists bool chmod ( string $filename, int $mode ); //
- 8. UPLOAD FILE(S) form.php <html> <body> <form action="upload_file.php" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <label for="file">Filename:</label> <input type="file" name="file" id="file" /> <br /> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit" /> </form> </body> </html>
- 9. PHP.INI SETTINGS FOR FILE UPLOAD ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; File Uploads ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Whether to allow HTTP file uploads. file_uploads = On ; Temporary directory for HTTP uploaded files (will use system default if not specified). upload_tmp_dir = "c:TEMP" ; Maximum allowed size for uploaded files. upload_max_filesize = 2M
- 10. upload_file.php <?php if ($_FILES["file"]["error"] > 0) { echo "Error: " . $_FILES["file"]["error"] . "<br />"; } else { echo "Upload: " . $_FILES["file"]["name"] . "<br />"; echo "Type: " . $_FILES["file"]["type"] . "<br />"; echo "Size: " . ($_FILES["file"]["size"] / 1024) . " Kb<br />"; echo "Stored in: " . $_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"]; } ?>
- 11. $_FILES $_FILES["file"]["name"] - the name of the uploaded file $_FILES["file"]["type"] - the type of the uploaded file $_FILES["file"]["size"] - the size in bytes of the uploaded file $_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"] - the name of the temporary copy of the file stored on the server $_FILES["file"]["error"] - the error code resulting from the file upload
- 12. RESTRICTIONS ON UPLOAD <?php if ( (($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/gif") || ($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/jpeg") || ($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/pjpeg")) && ($_FILES["file"]["size"] < 20000)) { if ($_FILES["file"]["error"] > 0) { echo "Error: " . $_FILES["file"]["error"] . "<br />"; } else { echo "Upload: " . $_FILES["file"]["name"] . "<br />"; echo "Type: " . $_FILES["file"]["type"] . "<br />"; echo "Size: " . ($_FILES["file"]["size"] / 1024) . " Kb<br />"; echo "Stored in: " . $_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"]; } } else { echo "Invalid file"; } ?>
- 13. SAVING THE UPLOADED FILE<?php if ( (($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/gif")|| ($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/jpeg") || ($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/pjpeg")) && ($_FILES["file"]["size"] < 20000)) { if ($_FILES["file"]["error"] > 0) { echo "Return Code: " . $_FILES["file"]["error"] . "<br />"; } else { echo "Upload: " . $_FILES["file"]["name"] . "<br />"; echo "Type: " . $_FILES["file"]["type"] . "<br />"; echo "Size: " . ($_FILES["file"]["size"] / 1024) . " Kb<br />"; echo "Temp file: " . $_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"] . "<br />"; if (file_exists("upload/" . $_FILES["file"]["name"])) { echo $_FILES["file"]["name"] . " already exists. "; } else { move_uploaded_file($_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"], "upload/" . $_FILES["file"]["name"]); echo "Stored in: " . "upload/" . $_FILES["file"]["name"]; } } } else { echo "Invalid file"; } ?>