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- 1. RAIN FLOOD, IT’S IMPACTSAND REMEDIAL MEASURES IN PAKISTAN (CASE STUDY SINDH 2011) BY FARHAN HUSSAIN WAGAN ASSISTANT ENGINEER 1
- 2. ABSTRACT Mostly rainfall inPakistan is very low and irregular in sindh plain high order rainfall occurs from July to September in a monsoon period. The storm originate in bay of Bengal move northwest warldly across the gangatic plains and with passage of time reaches Indus plains. The (2011) heavy downpour caused a high damaged became of improper disposals of run-off insufficient and chocked drainage system caused stagnance of surface as well as ground water and impacted badly on infrastructure of buildings, roads, agriculture human and animal life. 2
- 3. Floods if notmitigated in time are most serious environmental threat to the country. It needs a careful and wise policy planning and formulation of strategies to combat floods and control destruction which they cause. It was therefore deemed fit to take up this project and investigate the actual pros and cons of the heavy downpour destruction and formulate some intensive strategies to mitigate. 3
- 4. HYDROLOGY Water is oneof the most important natural sources, without it, existence of life on earth would not be impossible. The water on earth always remains same but its existence and ratio over the earth is continuously rephrasing. It is classified as one of the never-ending resources because of natural process as it is passing through per cist cycle of evaporation, condensation and precipitation. It is the responsibility of every individual to consume every water droplet affectively. The field of hydrology cannot be defined by just single definition, but a researcher needs vast amount of insight in this field 4
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- 6. IMPORTANCE OF CLIMATE Beforestarting with the importance of climate, it is necessary to know what climate is, it is the average of weather during a long time period. The time period can depend upon the purpose, it is usually 30years. One of the importance of climate is that it greatly affect globle economy and social sectors such as agriculture, energy and health. Moreover, bad climate have adverse affect on agriculture sector and it also badly affects human health. The climate prediction can help investors to make affective decision on investment in different sectors, for example if the prediction is of good climate than investor will be motivated to invest in agriculture sector. Moreover, the accurate climate prediction can help business to manage the risk and setup affective strategies to overcome the climate. 6
- 7. RAINFALL Rainfall is favorof nature on mankind, rainfall have deep natural chemistry behind it water from earth evaporates from streams, river, lakes, ocean and etc, these water droplet gather in atmosphere in a form of gas. As evaporation is recurring process, eventually there comes the point when atmosphere can not hold excess evaporation than the stage comes when vapor get condensed and precipitated on the surface of earth as drizzle, rain, hail, snow, mist, and etc. Usually the precipitation occur in form of rainfall. The low ration rainfall in Pakistan is due to deforestation and erratic, most of the rainfall occurs in monsoon i-e from 15th July to 15th August. The ratio of rainfall as compare to evaporation is very low as country receive less than 250mm annual rainfall as compare to evaporation i-e more than 1250mm. The irrigated areas of Indus basin receive 9.24billion cubic meters rainfall. The portion of rainfall in non-irrigated areas (barani lands) is estimated to be 7.34billion cubic meters. 7
- 8. SOCIO-TECHNICAL IMPACT Due toheavy rainfall in 2011 floods are came in left bank of drain and it has many impacts on the various cities and villages of sindh which shows in Figure no: 1.2. Socio-economy was fully disturbed as economy was destroyed due to damage of crop, people were also suffering from drinking water which was not purely provided and due to this dirty water many of the diseases were appeared. Also education became badly disturbed due to non- availability of conveyance because damage of roads and blockage of water. Due to technical fault in left bank of drains system water returned back also people suffered due to this water, in sindh many districts were badly disturbed due to heavy rainfall. 8
- 10. COLLECTION OF DATA variousdepartments of Nawabshah named as follows: 1. Pakistan Air force Nawabshah. 2. Irrigation Department Nawabshah. 3. Rain survey Report of Nawabshah city area ( Member water wapda Lahore). 4. Education works and Division Nawabshah. 5. Public Health Engineering Nawabshah. 6.Works and services Department Government of sindh Highway Division Nawabshah. 7. Shah Sachal Sami foundation Nawabshah. 10
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- 12. RAIN SURVEY REPORTOF NAWABSHAH CITY AREA ( MEMBER WATER WAPDA LAHORE). Doctors colony Nawabshah water being pumped out at night time on hospital road instead of drainage line which is chocked causing destruction of the road surface and damaging newly constructed roads. Same practice at night time being done continuously in front of irrigation rest house, circuit house, SP house, DCO office roads. (Figure no: 4.9 Pumping of storm water form Nawabshah) TMO authorities not taking proper measure for de-chowcking of drainage system in these areas so that the roads can be saved from destruction. On university to housing society by pass road which was badly affected during the rainy days, the people has started pumping out their standing water of houses on the above mentioned road because of chowking of drainage system. The drainage authority has started pumping out water of western side of rohri canal in rohri canal near bridge situated on Nawabshah Qazi Ahmed road. Through pumping is continuously being done in Nawabshah Kumb by pass road with two pumps of 5 cusecs each to dispose of the city rain water in Daur branch drain system but some areas of Nawabshah city are still facing the standing water difficulties which now seems like open ponds and the people of affected areas have started disposing of water through pumps on near by roads resulting damaging of these roads and disturbing the flow of traffic. This action is in practice during the night time. 12
- 13. CONCLUSIONS 50% offlood and rain water (600mm) was drained out through sewerage system and remaining 50% was not drained out but blocked. Four new disposals are constructed. i) Ghulam hyder shah colony. ii) Awami colony. iii) Mehran university colony. iv) Lakha disposal. Concerned district Administrations enforces sanction to not allow any unauthorized cut in main canals and drains by locals. Awareness of the impacts observed from collected data of flood (2011) that life of people much aggressively affected and city Government has duty to improve protective measures from the losses of rainfall. 13
- 14. CONCLUSIONS To enhancethe effectiveness and timely emergency response from the people and city Government. The damage occurred due to excess surface run-off therefore required drainage system must be improved to meet requirements of such heavy rainfall such that (2011). From collected data we are in conclusion that disasters of such quantum incidents of rainfall must be handled by municipal Government and have capacity of management to encounter heavy rainfall must be improved. On the basis of data collection, human life and live stock were disturbed badly and socio-economic life was disconnected. The flood (2011) not only caused heavy damaged, but also exposed the shortcomings of existing drainage system in District Nawabshah. 14
- 15. CONCLUSIONS Disposed waterpumped through machines were not enough to cater rain water properly. Communicated system either roads or telephone/internet were affected and whole system was damaged aggressively. Rainfall damaged about 40% crops and cropping next incoming season become difficult, thus it has created much financial loss District Nawabshah. Many catastrophic diseases suddenly appeared and people as well as live stock were much suffered from these diseases. This required a lot of time and money to maintain their health properly. 15
- 16. SUGGESTIONS Topography ofcity and neighboring vicinity of area must be thoroughly studied and suggest most suitable inclined sloped passage to give way of drainage water in drainage inlets in such a way that maximum quantity of water should be disposed off without any interference. Rain water should enter the drain through proper inlet system. Drain capacity should be enough to cater surface as well as seepage water. Disposal outfall system should be located at proper location. A mechanism must be devised to sink rain water in ground aquifer. LBOD constructed new drains such as; university side drain, khair shah drain, and also government did pitching of rohri canal in process. 16
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