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Food Security in Nepal
Nepal faces challenges with food security. Agriculture is important for Nepal's economy and livelihoods, with one-third of GDP and two-thirds of the population engaged in it. The country produces staples like rice, maize, and wheat, but production does not always meet requirements. Food security has chronic and acute dimensions. Chronically, many households do not have adequate nutrition throughout the year. Acute food insecurity occurs when shocks like natural disasters disrupt food sources. The government monitors food security indicators to understand situations and needs.
Food Security in Nepal
- 1. ARUN GC Food SecuritySituation in Nepal College of Agriculture and Life Science Kyungpook National University Daegu, South Korea
- 2. Content Arun GC 2 Backgroundinformation of Nepal Agriculture in Nepal Food Security: Definition, Dimension and Measurement in Nepal Current Food Security Situation of Nepal Acute Vs Chronic Food Security Outline of Presentation
- 3. Arun GC 3 Background informationof Nepal
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- 6. World Heritages inNepal Cultural (2) Kathmandu Valley (1979) Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha (1997) Natural (2) Chitwan National Park (1984) Sagarmatha National Park (1979) (source:http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/np) World Cultural Heritages in Nepal 6 Arun GC
- 7. Background Information: Landlockedcountry sandwiched between China and India. Country of Mt. Everest which contains eight of world's 10 highest peaks and birth place of Lord Buddha. Total Area: 148,181 Sq. Km; Population: 28 Million with GR of 1.34 % Agriculture in GDP: 1/3 and population engagement: 2/3 Background Information 7 Arun GC
- 8. Background Information:…. Nepalhas Three ecological belts: Himalaya: 51,817 Hill: 61,345 and Terai: 34,019 Sq KM Total cultivated land: 3,091,000 ha Nepal become member of WTO in 2004. Major trade occurs between Nepal and India Background Information 8 Arun GC
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- 12. Topographic Map ofNepal 12Arun GC
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- 14. Cereal crop production (2014/15) 01000000 2000000 3000000 4000000 5000000 Paddy Maize Millet Wheat Barley Buckwheat Production (mt.) Area (ha.) 14 Arun GC
- 15. 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 Lentil Soyabean Tea (2013/14) CardamomGinger Other important crops (2014/15) Area (ha.) Production (mt.) Some other important Crops, 2014/1515 Arun GC
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- 17. Food Requirement VsProduction -1000000 0 1000000 2000000 3000000 4000000 5000000 6000000 7000000 1989/90 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13R 2013/14R 2014/15P Production Requirement Balance 17 Arun GC
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- 19. Arun GC 19 FoodSecurity: Definition, Dimension and Measurement in Nepal
- 20. Among around 2million living beings in this universe, human is only one such advanced creature who use money and die of hunger. 20Arun GC
- 21. Few years ago;in NepalUntil few years back, Food security meant Food availability through own production So MoAD started to calculate Food Balance Sheet (FBS) First Component was the Availability Production Estimate of 5/6 major Cereal Crops Paddy Maize Wheat Millet Barley Buckwheat; Food Security.. 21 Arun GC
- 22. Definition “A situation thatexists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.” 22 Arun GC food availability, economic and physical access to food, food utilization and stability over time
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- 24. ICMR Recommendations Food requirementper person per day(ICMR 1985) Food group Requirement in gm* Cereals 400-650 Pulses 55-80 Green vegetables 100-125 Roots and tubers 75-100 Other vegetables 75-100 Fruits 30 Milk 100-200 Meat or fish 30 Egg 30 Sugar 30-55 Fats and oil 35-50 24 Arun GC
- 25. •On 25 April(M 7.8) and 12 May (M 7.3)2015, •9,000 people lost life, 22,500 injured •losses are estimated at US$7 billion •while 700,000 people have been pushed into poverty as a result of the disaster, especially in remote areas near the quake epicenters. Recent Earthquake in Nepal 25Arun GC
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- 28. Food Security Situationof Nepal FSB_47_English.pdf 28 Arun GC
- 29. Food Security PhaseClassification Reference Table Five Phases IPC phase 1 phase 2 phase 3 phase 4 phase 5 Generally Food secure Generally food insecure Highly food insecure (starting affecting livelihood assets) severly food insecure (acute food and livelihood crisis) Humanitarian emergency or catastrophe 29 Arun GC
- 30. Indicators for Acutefood security analysis 1. Crop production/situation 2. HHs food stocks 3. Stock of staples in market 4. wage employment opportunities within district or neighboring VDC 5. Sale of NTFP, cash crops, other agr. Products, livestock 6. Market price of rice 7. Natural disasters 8.Out-migration 9. Coping 10. Acute child malnutrition status 11. Disease 12. Civil security 30 Arun GC
- 31. Current Institutional Framework District FoodSecurity Network (DAO, DADO, DDC,DHO, DLSO, WCO, NGOs, CCI, FECOFUN) Monitorin g of Crop Market and Price Livestoc k MoAD Key surveys NLSS Labour force Census CBS NFC Stocks Subsidiz ed rice provisio n MoCS DHM Weathe r reports Mo Env. HMIS Growth monitorin g Disease Epidemics NDHS MoHP Monitorin g of Economic s and financial indicators NRB National Planning Commission Nepal Food Security and Nutrition Coordination Committee NepalFoodSecurity MonitoringUnit (NeKSAP) KeyStakeholders 31 Arun GC
- 32. Chronic Food Insecurity “Conditionsof persistent inability to meet minimum quality and quantity of food consumption requirements as is evident even in the absence of a shock/hazard” IPC V2 32 Arun GC
- 33. Major Indicators Livelihood I. Ownershipof production assets (Assets refers to land, water, finance, extension service, equipments, forest, with specific focus on women) I.Access/ Market I. Prices (staple food, price trend) II.Disaster and climate change I. Drought II. Flood / Landslide III. Number of food groups consumed 33 Arun GC
- 34. Nutrition, Health andWASH I. Type of water source II. Access to improved sanitation facilities III. Percentage of population under the national poverty level IV. Underweight V. Stunting VI. BMI<18.5 VII. Anemia VIII. IMR 34 Arun GC
- 35. Agriculture I. Food ConsumptionScore (FCS) II. Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) III. Copying Strategy Index (CSI) IV. Food balance sheet V. Production Figures VI. Proportion of population unable to access a basic consumption basket during the analysis period (Poverty or food poverty line) VII.Percentage of income spent on food (for the poorest quintile) VIII.Household food stocks IX. Access to agriculture /input seeds/fertilizer and irrigation 35 Arun GC
- 36. Phase Classification Level 1: LowChronic Food Insecurity Level 2: Moderate Chronic Food Insecurity Level 3: High Chronic Food Insecurity Level 4: Very High Chronic Food Insecurity Considering recent normal years, less than 10% of the HHs do not have adequate quantity and quality of food throughout the year; AND The area has not had recurrent Acute Food Security Phase 4 or 5 (or equivalent) in the past 10 years. Considering recent normal years, 10 to 20% of the HHs do not have adequate quantity and quality of food throughout the year; OR The area has had occasional Acute Food Security Phase 4 or 5 (or equivalent) in the past 10 years. Considering recent normal years, 20 to 40% of the HHs do not have adequate quantity and quality of food throughout the year; OR The area has had frequent Acute Food Security Phase 4 or 5 (or equivalent) in the past 10 years. Considering normal years, more than 40% of the HHs do not have adequate quantity and quality of food throughout the year; OR The area has had very frequent Acute Food Security Phase 4 or 5 (or equivalent) in past 10 years 36 Arun GC
- 37. ধন্যবাদ شكرا អរគុណ 고맙습니다 Рахмат сага Баярлалааधन्यवाद ඔබට ස්තුතියි Je vous remercie Asante Ndatenda 37Arun GC Thank you