French Revolution

Age of Revolution (1500-
1830)
 “The discoveries and writings of the Age of
Revolution ignited a fuse of knowledge that
exploded in a scientific revolution so complete
and far-reaching that the years from 1500 to
1830 are often called The Beginning of the
Modern Age. Every time you have your
temperature taken with a mercury
thermometer, receive medication through a fine-
needled syringe, let a doctor listen to your
heartbeat through a stethoscope, you are seeing
instruments invented during this Age.

Other technological
achievements
 The microscope
 The telescope
 Steam machine
 Textile
manufacturing
 Electric battery

The Spread of Ideas
 In the 1600s and 1700s,
revolution bounced back and
forth across the Atlantic.
 The arrival of the first
English colonists in North
America (1620) carrying with
them ideas of the English
revolution (1600 a bitter
quarrel divided the Stuart
kings- James I and Charles
I- and parliament)
 Governments existed to
protect the rights and
freedom of the citizens

Revolutionary Ideas
 In 1776 the American
colonist fought a
revolution
(Declaration of
Independence).
 These ideas
bounced back across
the Atlantic to
influence the French
Revolution.

The French Revolution

 French rebels in 1789 fought in defense of
“Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité”.

French Revolution Causes
 The American Republic
had a profound impact
on the French, who
became a great critical
of their absolute
monarchy.
 France’s few nobles and Versailles Palace, Hall of Mirrors
clergy, First and
Second Estates,
enjoyed power and
privilege, while the
majority of the people,
the third Estate, paid
most of the taxes and
had almost no voice in
running the nation’s
government.

The Beginning of a
Revolution
 1789 King Louis XVI called a
meeting of the Estates-
General.
 The monarch refused to
reform voting methods.
 The Third Estate delegates
met separately as the
National Assembly (1789-
1791) eliminating the
privileges of nobles and
clergy.
 Louis XVI asked Austria and
Prussia for help to regain his
authority (1792)
 Angry revolutionaries in Paris
arrested the king and called
for a democratic government
 The National Convention
proclaimed France a
Democratic Republic and
executed the king.

The Reign of Terror
 The National convention
formed a large army to
fight against the invaders
 They put aside democratic
practices and carried out
a Reign of
terror, executing
thousands of people.
 This reign ended in 1794
and middle class came
to power under a new
republican government
called The Directory.
 The Directory was
overthrown by Napoleon
Bonaparte in 1799.

Scientific Revolution
 During these
years, European
thinkers relying on their
own reasoning rather Galileo Galilei and his
than automatically telescope
accepting traditional
beliefs.
 They developed the
scientific method, new
instruments. The work
of scientists such as
Galileo and Isaac
Newton changed their
universe view.

French Revolution

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French Revolution