Front-end and back-end development are two essential components of website creation, where front-end focuses on design and user interaction, while back-end manages server-side functions and databases. Front-end developers use languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, while back-end developers work with Ruby, Python, and relational databases. Both teams collaborate to ensure a functional, user-friendly website, with front-end enhancing accessibility and experience, and back-end supporting operational stability.