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FruitBreedomics 1st Stakeholder Day meeting 20120207 Synthesis of the survey on breeding programmes
- 1. First results of the FruitBreedomics apple breeding questionnaire Laurens F., Al Rifai M., Bonany J., et al. FruitBreedomics stakeholder day, 7 February 2012
- 2. AIMS to get a better knowledge of the apple breeding programs and understand the needs and requests of apple breeders
- 3. Context of the questionnaire - September- December 2011 - 31 answers at all 29 European fresh fruit breeding programs analysed - Questions related to: - Administrative information - Selection traits - Selection methodology - Use of Molecular markers - Interest in FruitBreedomics output
- 4. CRA-W - Walloon Agricultural Research Centre Belgium Better3fruit Belgium Institute of Experimental Botany of the AS CR Czech Republic Research and breeding institute of pomology Holovousy Ltd. Czech Republic Estonian University of Life Sciences Estony Participants: Pépinières et Roseraies Georges DELBARD France GIE IFO France INRA-Angers / Novadi France Züchtungsinitiative Niederelbe GmbH&Co.KG Germany Julius Kühn-Institut Germany Corvinus University of Budapest Hungary Foundation E. Mach Italy Bologna University Italy CRA - Unità di Ricerca per la Frutticoltura, Forlì Italy NEW PLANT SOC. CONS. AGRICOLA A R.L. Italy Centro Ricerche Produzioni Vegetali Soc. Coop. Italy Latvia State Institute of Fruit-Growing Latvia Plant Research International /Wageningen UR Netherlands Graminor AS Norway Research Institute of Horticulture Poland University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca Romania Research Institute for Fruit Growing (RIFG) Romania IRTA Spain CIV Consorzio Italiano Vivaisti Italy Sweden university of agricultural Sciences, Balsgard Sweden Not included in this Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil (ACW) Switzerland analysis: Lubera AG Switzerland - Cider apple breeding Cukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture Turkey programme East Malling Research United Kingdom SERIDA Spain - Non european breeding programme The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited New-Zealand
- 6. Starting year of the breeding programmes 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1890' 1900' 1910' 1920' 1930' 1940' 1950' 1960' 1970' 1980' 1990' 2000' • Most ancient program: Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil (end of XIXth century) • Most recent program: Centro Ricerche Produzioni Vegetali Soc. Coop. (2009) • Acceleration of the initialization of the breeding programmes after 1940’s
- 7. description of the organizations Other; 6,1% University; 18,2% Commercial company; 21,2% Research Institute; 54,5% Is your organization public or private ? • About 50% of research institutes • 60% of the organizations are public Private; 39,4% Public; 60,6%
- 8. Percentage of public fundings 100 90 80 70 60 private 50 public 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Variable amount of public funding for the public institutes but also for the private companies One private program funded at 98% by public funding
- 9. man-months researcher/breeder • Number of man-months highly variable 9 8 • Most of the programs involve 10 to 14 7 6 man-months (both for researchers 5 4 /breeders and technicians) 3 2 1 0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 >=20 man-months technician 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 >=20
- 11. Method used to evaluate the relative importance of each criteria Example: For the trait « tree vigor » score 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Nb of 0 2 0 6 6 3 0 3 3 0 answers The importance of this trait will be: 0*0 + 2*1 + 0*2 + 6*3 + 6*4 + 3*5 + 0*6 + 3*7 + 3*8 + 0*9 = 104 / 23 = 4.5
- 12. Tree habit and harvest Tree vigour 10 Extended harvest 8 Bloom time season 6 4 Harvest date 2 Self fertility 0 Pre-harvest fruit drop Fruit set Productivity Single fruit per cluster • Most important traits: productivity, fruit set, harvest Additionnal traits non listed in the proposed date, preharvest drop list but cited by the participants : • Less important traits: blooming time, self fertility, tree • Annual bearing vigour • Architecture
- 13. Fruit characteristics Fruit size 10 Fruit homogeneity Fruit shape 8 6 Cracking 4 Fruit skin red colour 2 0 Fruit skin yellow Lenticelosis colour Fruit skin green Russeting colour Red flesh colour Fruit skin bicolour • Most important traits: fruit homogeneity, fruit size, fruit skin red colour, craking, fruit shape • Less important traits: lenticelosis, red flesh colour, fruit skin green colour
- 14. Fruit flavour and texture Sweetness 10 8 Aroma 6 Acidity 4 2 0 Mealiness Firmness Juiciness Crispness • Most important traits: juiciness, crispness, firmness ; then Aroma, sweetness • Less important traits: acidity, mealiness
- 15. Biotic stresses - Pest and • Very high importance of scab disease resistance • Powdery mildew is slightly less Apple scab important 10 • Some interest for Nectria canker 8 6 4 Additionnal traits non listed in the proposed 2 list but cited by the participants: Aphids 0 Powdery mildew Fireblight Nectrian canker Abiotic stresses Chilling requierement 10 8 6 Very few involvment in abiotic stresses 4 2 Drought stress 0 Cold stress Heat stress
- 16. Post-harvest fruit characteristics, disorders and diseases Storability 10 8 Scald 6 Shelf life 4 2 0 Cracking Storage diseases Watercore Bitter pit Most important traits: storability, shelf life, storage diseases, bitter pit Less important traits: watercore, scald
- 17. Some more traits # occurences good bud break 1 pink colour 1 low content of allergens 1 emergent diseases 1 sooty blotch 1 Sunburn 1
- 18. Summary: ranking of the listed traits rank trait average score 1 Apple scab 8,5 2 Storability 8,3 rank trait average score 3 Juiciness 8,2 22 Russeting 6,0 4 Crispness 8,0 23 Pre-harvest fruit drop 5,9 5 Firmness 7,9 24 Scald 5,9 6 Productivity 7,9 25 Watercore 5,8 7 Shelf life 7,8 26 Fruit skin bicolour 5,6 8 Fruit homogeneity 7,6 27 Mealiness 5,6 9 Storage diseases 7,4 28 Fruit skin yellow colour 5,5 10 Fruit size 7,3 29 Nectrian canker 5,4 11 Aroma 7,2 Extended harvest 12 Sweetness 7,2 30 season 5,1 13 Bitter pit 7,2 31 Single fruit per cluster 5,0 14 Fruit skin red colour 7,0 32 Tree vigour 4,5 15 Powdery mildew 6,8 33 Aphids 4,3 16 Harvest date 6,7 34 Red flesh colour 4,0 17 Fruit set 6,7 35 Fruit skin green colour 3,9 18 Cracking 6,6 36 Cold stress 3,8 19 Fruit shape 6,3 37 Lenticelosis 3,8 20 Cracking 6,3 38 Heat stress 3,0 21 Acidity 6,2 39 Bloom time 2,9 40 Drought stress 2,6 41 Chilling requierement 2,1 42 Self fertility 1,5
- 20. Type of genitors landraces wild species 1% 5% other local/old cultivars 1% 8% elite hybrids from other breeding program 7% commercial cultivars 35% elite hybrids from your breeding program 43% • 85% of recent genotypes • 50% of in-home elite genotypes • Only 8% of old/local varieties
- 21. Average number of parents used in crosses Average number of crosses / year 45 / year 40 Moy = 21 40 35 Med = 20 35 30 30 Moy = 24 25 25 Med = 20 20 20 15 15 10 10 5 5 0 <20 20-29 30-39 >=40 0 10-19 20-29 30-39 >39 Average size of progenies 35 30 • Variable amount of crosses 25 /year 20 • Variable number of parents 15 • Highly variable size of progenies 10 5 0
- 22. Type of software usedof manage genetic information Type to software e-brida sas none 3% 3% 3% seedbase 3% phenome network 3% excel files 42% in house developped relational database 23% in house developped simple database 20% • Majority of simple excel files • 43% of « home-made » database • Most of organizations use a combination of different
- 23. Bottlenecks Fundings Time/ space Club variety Available labour pollen germplasm availability novel traits 10 5 6 1 1 Tests for Tests for Widening Markers for Climatic resistance quality genetic basis resistance factors assessment assessment for resistance genes 2 1 2 1 1 Main bottlenecks are related to lack of funding (fundings ss, time/labour, space)
- 24. Use of molecular markers
- 25. Are molecular markers being used currently in your breeding program? Among the 21 breeders who answered this question, 9 are using MAS !!!
- 26. What are molecular markers used for in your breeding program ? Genetic profile for intellectual property Parent defense; 2 selection; 8 Identification of parentage; 5 Identification of hybrids or Hybrid varieties; 5 selection; 6
- 27. ethylene aroma 4% Which traits markers storage/shelf life 4% 4% fruit quality are used for? 4% allergens 4% scab malic acid 37% 3% columnar 3% mildew 11% texture fire blight 11% 15% • Main target: biotic stress resistance 63% • mainly for apple scab
- 28. Major problems faced with MAS identification of further traits predictive value 8% 23% adaptation to throughput 8% time 15% lack of technology 8% cost 38% • Many problems linked to funding: cost + time = 53% • Some limits due to the efficiency (predictive value, lack of technology, adaptation to high-throughputness)
- 29. What are the reasons for not using molecular markers in the breeding program ? No added value 6% Non economically viable No training in 39% usage of molecular markers for breeding purposes 11% No markers No technology available for traits available of interest 22% 22% • 44% need for further development or improvement of MAS • 39% funding
- 31. What the program will provide acceleration of breeding process 2 main expected outputs: 27% genetic - to get genetic information information 41% - to gain time in the breeding process expertise 14% tools 18% Type of progenitors others 17% diversity to enlarge the progenitors list for 3% disease resistance (60%) but also for fruit quality (20%) quality disease 20% resistance 60%
- 32. Conclusion • High number of answers significant results • Informative on many points: – Most emphasis on: apple scab, main texture traits but also productivity, fruit size, storability and storage diseases – No or few interest on abiotic stresses, self fertility – Main current bottlenecks = funding, time, space – very limited use of local cvars as parents – 9 programmes are using MAS at various levels and for different aims Main target = disease resistance – Some main technological bottlenecks to make MAS use more efficiently Big expectations in FruitBreedomics results !
- 33. Next steps … • Feedback towards the main fruit chain actors • Ask more precise questions /# released cvars and their economic importance /steps of the breeding programs • Enlarge to worldwide breeding programs