philosophers..

philosophers..

• 1.
  Educational Philosophers and their Philosophies
• 2.
  Socrates 469-369 BC
• 3.
  Taught his learnersby asking questions (Socratic or dialectic method). He often insisted that he really knew nothing, but his questioning skills allowed others to learn by self generated understanding.
• 4.
  Plato 428-348 BC Idealism
• 5.
  He saw educationas the key to creating and sustaining his Republic. He advocated extreme methods: removing children from their mothers' care and raising them as wards of the state, with great care being taken to differentiate children suitable to the various castes, the highest receiving the most education, so that they could act as guardians of the city and care for the less able. Education would be holistic, including facts, skills, physical discipline, and rigidly censored music and art. For Plato, the individual was best served by being subordinated to a just society.
• 6.
  Aristotle 384-322 BC Realism
• 7.
  Aristotle believed inthe direct observation of nature, and in science he taught that theory must follow fact. He considered philosophy to be the discerning of the self-evident, changeless first principles that form the basis of all knowledge. Logic was for Aristotle the necessary tool of any inquiry, and the syllogism was the sequence that all logical thought follows. He introduced the notion of category into logic and taught that reality could be classified according to several categories—substance (the primary category), quality, quantity, relation, determination in time and space, action, passion or passivity, position, and condition.
• 8.
  Thomas Aquinas 1227-1274 Theism
• 9.
  He incorporated Greekideas into Christianity by showing Aristotle's thought to be compatible with church doctrine. In his system, reason and faith (revelation) form two separate but harmonious realms whose truths complement rather than oppose one another.
• 10.
  John Locke 1630-1704 Liberalism
• 11.
  Locke believes thatat birth, the human mind is a sort of blank slate on which experience writes. In Book II Locke claims that ideas are the materials of knowledge and all ideas come from experience. The term ‘idea,’ Locke tells us "...stands for whatsoever is the Object of the Understanding, when a man thinks." Experience is of two kinds, sensation and reflection.
• 12.
  Jean Jacques Rousseau 1712-1778 Naturalism
• 13.
  Rousseau held thatthere was one developmental process common to all humans. This was an intrinsic, natural process, of which the primary behavioral manifestation was curiosity.
• 14.
  Edmund Burke 1729-1797 Conservatism
• 15.
  Education is agencyto transmit the cultural heritage to the young and preserve it through generations. There is strength in cultural traditions, and they represent the wisdom of the human race.
• 16.
  Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi 1746 -1827
• 17.
  Instead of dealingwith words, he argued, children should learn through activity and through things. They should be free to pursue their own interests and draw their own conclusions (Darling 1994: 18).
• 18.
  THANK YOU! Reference: Educational Philosophiesand Change , Jean Marrapodi, Capella University, September 2003
• 19.
  Presented by: Calderon, RosetteF. BSEd-4F