Full Stack Web Development: Vision, Challenges and Future Scope

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3083
Full Stack Web Development: Vision, Challenges and
Future Scope
Gurjeet Singh1, Madiha Javed2, Dr. Balwinder Kaur Dhaliwal3
1,2,3Lovely Professional University
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Abstract: This paper provides the summary on
varied aspects of full stack web development. Full
stack web development could be a pace growing
branch of CSE sector because of its successive step
towards making the long run in the IT industry. Full
stack developers manage the rear end (backend) and
front- end development of web site or an online
application. They handle the info, clients, system
engineering and style. Full stack developer is in
demand since of their skills and mastery of web
development, due to this vast demand the
remuneration of full stack developers is additionally
high as compared to alternative jobs. Full stack
developer in the main works on web stack, native
application stack or mobile stack. Since, they
accompany each server-side development and client-
side development, full stack developers head the
arrange of action and keep a track of the progress of
the project. Within the finish of the paper, we will
clearly outline Vision, Challenges and Future scope of
Full Stack Web Development.
Keywords: Full stack web development, Front-end,
Back-end, Programming, Server-side, Client-side,
Development, ETC.
I. INTRODUCTION
Full stack web development is the scenario of acting
on each, the front-end and back-end of a program. It
is a term largely used for those operating in web
development. The developers have background on
making program and user expertise for front-end,
and even have robust information in an exceedingly
programing language that's used for handling the
logic of the appliance, therefore back-end.
Full stack could be a layer of software system or web
development consisting of the front-end and also the
back-end parts of associate application. Front-end is
what the users can see or act with on your
application. Back-end part is what users don't see,
like application's logic, database, server, etc. A full-
stack web developer is comfortable operating with
each, back-end and front-end technologies that build
a web site or application perform properly.
Full Stack Developers have the specified technical
information of each and every facet of development –
frontend, back end, working of various operating
systems in accordance to the required environments
of programming as well as tools for programming.
Full stack developers are also termed as “developer
generalists”, as they will produce any complicated
application from scratch, provided they have
understood how each and every technical layer ought
to act with the other. As Full stack web development
refers to the both of each front-end and back-end of
an online application, web application, the
development method contains 3 layers, i.e., the logic
layer (back-end layer), the presentation layer (front-
end layer) and the information layer (database layer).
The major stacks of full stack web development that
are commonly used to develop websites and
applications are
 Linux Apache MySQL PHP (LAMP)
 Cross-Platform Apache MariaDB PHP
(XAMPP)
 MongoDB Express Angular Node.js (MEAN)
 Windows Apache MySQL PHP (WAMP)
 Apache MySQL PHP PERL Softaculous
(AMPPS)
LAMP stack stands for Linux operating system,
Apache server, My SQL Query Language, and PHP
server-side scripting language. All of these are open-
source tools which are free to use, and has
contributed in creating many of the developments.
The lamp stack comes as the very common stack in
deploying websites and applications, to the internet.
XAMPP is an acronym for Cross-platform(X),
Apache(A), MariaDB, And PHP server-side or
Perl(P) backend language. XAMPP is the best
distribution in the industry that helps developers
use local web server for deploying and testing web
programs. It is being designed to simply deploy and
run the web applications on the web server.
MEAN is commonly used open-source stack that is
used to build the production ready web applications.
This stack indicates four things which are MongoDB

NoSQL database, Express framework, Angular
development platform, and Node.js execution
environment. MongoDB is the database having
NoSQL, and Express is most common framework
that helps to create the applications like Todo Lists
used in everyday life. Angular is the JavaScript
client-side platform used to make client-side web
applications, and Node.js is the execution
environment, used worldwide to create the on-site
and of-site web applications and websites.
Refer to the Fig 1. that explain the Data Flow in
Mean Stack.
Fig 1. Data Flow Diagram (DFD) -MEAN Stack
WAMP stack stands for Windows operating system,
Apache, MySQL, PHP. WAMP works same as LAMP;
the difference is of operating system. The stack is
commonly used for hosting web-applications and
webpages from little to medium sized sites. WAMP is
quite popular among windows users as it provides
flexibility and scalability for the servers.
AMPPS stack stands for Apache MySQL (MongoDB)
PHP (PERL or PYTHON) Softaculous (software
stack). AMPSS combines three different stacks i.e.,
LAMP(Linux), WAMP(Windows), MAMP(Macintosh).
It has preinstalled open source libraries and
dependencies which helps to code the website or
application in efficient way and proficiently helps the
development process.
II. COMPONENTS OF FSWD
The components of Full Stack Web Development are-
 Front-end
 Back-end
 Database
 Version Control
(a.) Front-end is the part that users see when they
visit the websites, web-applications.
The two most important types of front-end designs
are-
 User Experience (UX)
 User Interface (UI)
These things are of different kind when we got to
know them, otherwise they seem same. The things
including visual elements, animations, pictures,
videos, etc. which look good in the website, are
difficult to create is an example of good UI but bad UX
and vice-versa; intuitive experience that doesn’t
require the user to think too much is a good way to
design the website.
From the programmer’s perspective front-end or the
part that users see when they visit the website is
mainly about the design and to make to look it good
somehow. The above elements UX, UI are taken in
consideration in developing web programs or web
pages, apps or applications for iOS or Android,
Windows or MacOS.
In earlier time when somebody say “front-end” the
three languages that came in programmers mind
were HTML
(Hyper Text Markup Language), CSS (Cascading Style
Sheets), JS(JavaScript). These languages are still used
as the most preferred languages in developing
webpages, websites because of their major scope in
the development industry.
Some drawbacks of the above listed programming
languages are there, that is they are very lengthy and
time-consuming, apart from that they are very simple
to write and code in assembly or high-level language
containing words using modern tools like Visual
Studio Code (VSC), Atom, Notepad, Notepad++, etc.
To overcome the above drawback of traditional
languages, something new was built and they were
the tools that provided ready-made components that
helped in speeding up the development, these were
called Frameworks. The frameworks such as React,
Angular, Vue.js, Bootstrap, Node.js, Meteor, Flutter,
GitHub, Chrome Dev Tools, Grunt, HTML5 Boilerplate,
Code Kit were built from time-to-time and are
currently used and upgraded from time-to time to
provide developers hand in building the applications
they desire to build in lesser time.
Refer to the figure below which demonstrates the
various examples of components of FSWD (Full Stack
Web Development).

(b.) Back-end is the part that is hidden from the
users but is a part of the development process.
The back-end part can be divided into two types –
 The server
 The application
The server handles all the requests that came from
application’s code. There are many relations between
application source code and server requests, so
therefore server keeps synchronizing from time-to-
time with application’s code. The block parts of the
code such as async- wait, try-catch, sync blocks are
good examples of such codes. The server handles
them according to their request type and response to
client-side(front-end) or server-side(back-end)
depending on the types of callbacks present in the
code. The architecture of the server contains
requests-responses tier that communicates to make
synchronization successful and helps the application
run smoothly.
The application acts as an intermediate between the
server and the database communicating all the data
and requests that server or database needed in order
to get the required output. The application basically
contains all the code that is logical and functional
which run on the server/host of website/application
based on the specific requirements of the
product/app/website.
There are many technologies available on the
Internet that helps in creating the backend of the
website/application. Some examples including PHP,
Node.js, Angular2, Ruby on Rails, Java (for coding of
mobile applications), Laravel (which is known as
framework of PHP) are most trending and helpful in
creating the back-end part of the web applications,
websites, mobile-apps, etc.
The various tools used to program in these languages
are: Visual Studio Code (VSC), Atom, Notepad,
Notepad++, etc.
Refer to the figure 3 for the workflow process of FSWD.
(c.) Database is the storage component in the full-
stack web-development that contains all the data
present in form of tables containing rows(tuples) and
columns(attributes) which on requests sends data
through secure transmission channel to help the
application perform dynamically with a huge size of
data able to send and receive simultaneously. Some
examples of databases are MY-SQL, MongoDB,
CouchDB, MS-SQL, etc. which comes handy while
creating strong applications needing a good backend-
support.
(d.) Version Control being called as source control,
is the type of component in the full stack web
development that is used to track and manage the
changes to software code from time to time. There
are mainly three types of version control system:
 Local Version Control System
 Centralized Version Control System
 Distributed Version Control System
The local version control system is available locally
on your system and users are able to store every file
as a repository in this system. To check the last
version of the file it is important to add up all the file
versions to the repository in order.
The main problem with this system is that everything
is stored locally, if anything happened to the local
database, all of the patches will be lost. If something
happened to the single version, all the changes made
would also be lost.
Also, collaborating with other developers for the
same project or team becomes hard.
Fig 2. FSWD components
Fig 3. FSWD -Workflow Process

The centralized version control is the system in
which there is one single center server which has all
the file versions. This enables the multiple clients to
work simultaneously and helps them to access files
from server, pull them into own computer or push
them all again onto the server from their computer.
This helps in easy collaboration with other
developers or a team for any project they are on to.
The biggest issue with this system is that everything
is stored on the centralized server. If something went
wrong to that server, everybody will lose their
important data and would never able to collaborate
at all.
The distributed version control system is a system
in which clients don’t just check out the files from the
server, they fully clone the repository, including its
full history.
Therefore, everyone collaborating on a project owns
a local copy of the whole project. The main advantage
of this model is that if the server becomes unavailable
or destroyed, any of the client can send a copy of the
project version to any other client or project member
back to the server, when server is available and
working fine.
Example for the distributed version control systems
is Git/GitHub.
III. ADVANTAGES OF FSWD
There are various advantages of FSWD (Full Stack
Web Development), some of them are listed below:
a) Accomplishment of Website/App
Development
Full-stack developers have the keen knowledge and
experience of the web programming languages whose
work is to add groundbreaking features to the project
and to make it reach to the market in a trend. The pro
full stack developers can manage the whole stack
from the scratch.
b) Versatility
Full Stack Developers are versatile in nature because
they have skill of developing both front-end and back-
end. Back-end development need application code
that helps to connect to websites with other
management systems. Front-end development need
application code that handles the design and
interaction of a site within a browser. The both types
of development are taken care of by full stack
developers.
c) Experience
The biggest benefit of full stack web developers is the
experience of the web and app development. As full
stack web developers already had experience in lots
of part of web development field, so therefore they
have keen knowledge of the web and app
development. Thus, they are highly beneficial to the
performance of the products/websites/web-
apps/interfaces in the market and helps them keep
updated with the ongoing market trend by their vast
experience and knowledge of the components used in
new technology in order to enhance the performance.
d) Jack of all trades
Full Stack Developers are commonly referred to as
“Jack of All Trades”. This term is most suited to them
because they can work on any level of the project and
provide the whole design and structure required in
development.
They are also very helpful in maintaining and
optimizing the existing systems as per need of the
development.
Refer to the figure 4. for the advantages of FSWD.
Fig 4. Advantages of FSWD
e) Smart upgraders
From the recent study, 90% people found that
website appearance is the main reason for accepting
or rejecting the website. Therefore, stack developers
are highly beneficial as they make websites highly
user-friendly and are updated with all the latest
technologies, tools which help in implementation of
smart features to create the best responsive and
interactive webpages, websites, apps for your clients.

f) Troubleshooting problems
Full stack developers are very experienced in
troubleshooting the problems of web development
field. They are acquired with necessary skills to
detect the issues that come while creating the project
and have necessary tools required for implementing
solutions for making the website or application
optimal. Therefore, they are very helpful in
troubleshooting issues in the development.
g) Convenient web developers
It is appropriate thing to trust the full-stack
developer for your project needs. It is because they
are accountable for all the software development as
they can handle web development from the initial to
final phase by themselves and are very fitted in any
role they put to work and help to give us the forward
way. They also help with making the project quality
approved and assurance of the design of the project.
h) Handling both server-side and client-side
Full stack developer helps the website, application
give the required edge which it needs to shine in
technology market. The cutting edge-technology of
modern era requires sharp and well- qualified
persons for the projects. So, full stack developers are
perfect match for that as they can handle the
development from initial to final phase and the
server-side and client-side of the application in the
development industry and give fast-track delivery.
IV. CHALLENGES AND OBSTACLES TO FSWD
a) Bugs & Broken Codes
Codes usually need scopes which is most common
problem of broken codes during web development.
If the project has not been given scope properly
within required blocks, under each specific labels that
define the part of the code, then the developers have
to work in a hurry to complete work on the scheduled
time.
This cause bugs and code starts to get broken when
semicolon is missing from the code leading to
application crashes and bugs.
b) Premature Optimization
Speed is commonly treated as the highest good when
it comes to code, at the expense of the code which is
clean or legible. It is a pitfall for developers to focus
on writing optimized code that runs faster than code
which can be read, understood, and maintained over
the long term.
Hard to read code can slow your team down,
especially when engineers come and go. If an
engineer comes in and can’t decipher code, it will be a
big problem for team.
Premature Optimization happens when there isn’t a
strong code review process. Without this essential
step, things get messy and cause problems in your
way.
c) Stuck with Complicated New Technologies
Full Stack Developers are very much familiar with
new technologies that with no surprise gives
increased efficiency and flexibility in production.
They are prominent to use when developers become
expert with them, but also it takes so much time in
learning to install and test these new technologies.
Also, it is like learning a new technology in which
starting from the basics, some experience is required,
which is time- taking and very challengeable in
navigation. The area which comes with this issue is
database storage. The problem behind all this is a
lack of required leadership in handling software
teams.
d) Too much or Less Abstraction
Running your code of project out of so many lines of
code, could cause a massive crash and slow down
your development process. Also, less abstraction
makes the code looks lengthier and we are unable to
understand the parts necessary for implementation
of the modules we require because it is only one file.
By this way our code is more complex and cause
compile-time, run-time errors which are burden to
encounter.
This makes the development a serious problem for
the developers and is a big obstacle for achieving the
goal they need to achieve.
e) Overlooking the little things
The more you look, more you see. This phrase
matches perfectly with the problem we are going to
discuss here. Sometimes, when we are coding, we
start to code in a such a way that creates alternative
methods for achieving the same goal. Due to this, we
are overlooking the little things which may or may
not matter in the code.

One of overlooking of little thing is the failure to add
proper sections then looking in every part of the code
for required feature. Another is not giving proper
logic to the code.
These little things in your code are dangerous as it
would create massive problems in your project in
future.
V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
These days, full stack developers are in huge demand
due to trend of websites and e-commerce in the
modern world. Companies like to hire them due to
number of reasons. FSWDs are able to work in
multiple environments such as Front-end and back-
end simultaneously. It gives companies the huge
profit as they could get lot of work done by few
professionals rather than hiring a bunch of
developers to work on all parts of
websites/applications. Having knowledge of different
platforms stack such as MEAN stack, MERN stack,
LAMP stack, WAMP stack, etc. FSWDs are able to put
their effort to the project easily and get the required
outputs as per benefits of company.
The salary of FSWDs is at the increasing rate
worldwide as the demand is increasing for the same.
Companies are willing to pay more on the basis of
more unique skills and abilities of stack development
to the talented full stack web developers out there.
The future of FSWDs is very bright as the developers
are in huge demand and it will keep on increasing
with a big rate. Listed below are some of the reasons
for the same:
Smaller Teams- With a full-stack web developer in
the team, you can keep the team short and smaller
teams have many advantages over large ones. Even
Jeff Bezos believes that a small team is better than a
large team. A large team requires more
communication and resources which is less required
in smaller team.
Adaptability- Web development is quite a
challenging field. There are a lot of factors to consider
when developing a new product such as product
requirements, languages, tools, plus a large
developing team. In case, any of the factors got any
problem such as product requirements got changed
at any time and also a member leaves the team in
such scenarios full stack developers can adapt to
these changes quickly and more effectively than other
developers.
New Technologies- Web Development tools and
software keep getting new updates for better
performance. Even the programming languages keep
getting newer versions regularly to ensure they
function better and cause less hassle. An average
developer might have to put a lot of effort to keep up
with these new developments. On the other hand, a
full stack web developer already knows the relations
between different technologies. So, keeping up with
new updates and integrations is an easy task for
him/her. Last but not least, full stack developers
already keep learning new things about the web
development, so they will remain in the huge demand
for dealing with new technologies for now and in
future as well.
REFERENCES
[1] Valerio De Sanctis, Full Stack Web Development-
Third Edition,2020 book
[2] Chris Northwood, Full Stack Developer: Your
Essential Guide to the Everyday Skills Expected
of a Modern Full Stack Developer
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Using Typescript, React, Node.js, Webpack, and
Docker Full
[4] Juha Hinkula, Hands-on- Full Stack Development
with Spring Boot 2 and React, Second Edition
[5] Hassan Djirdeh, Nate Murray, Ari Lerner, Full
Stack Vue: The Complete Guide to Vue.js
[6] Nader Dabit, Full Stack Serverless, Modern
Application Development with React, AWS, and
GraphQL
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