This document discusses functional programming concepts in Perl. It begins with a brief history of Perl and how functions like sort, grep, and map evolved over time and took on a more functional style. It then demonstrates how to write functional-style code in Perl using lexical scoping, first-class functions, and function composition. Examples include writing dice rolling and dice tower generation functions in a functional way. The document notes some limitations of functional programming in Perl, like lack of purity and difficulty making some concepts simple that are in functional languages, but suggests improvements coming in Perl 6 like static typing and better support for functional patterns.