Fundamental concept of typography

Fundamental concept of typography

• 1.
  FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT OF TYPOGRAPHY
• 2.
  Size • All typefacesare not created equally • Some are fat and wide ; some are thin and narrow • The height of each character is known as the “x-height” • The width of each character is known as the “set width” • The size can be also be measured in inches, millimetres or pixel
• 3.
  Lines • A lineof character has at least five lines that it can be aligned • These horizontal lines are guides for capital letter, ascenders, lower case and descenders
• 4.
  here are thefive lines • Baseline: The one you might be most familiar with is the baseline. This is the line that the text sits on. • Cap height (or cap line): This marks the top of capital letters. • Ascender height (or topline): This line shows where the top of letters such as k and h touch. Strangely, in a lot of cases, this line is slightly higher than the capital line. • X-height (or midline): This shows the height of lowercase letters (excluding ascenders and descenders). It is typically measured using the height of the letter x. • Descender height (or beardline): Descenders are the parts of characters that go below the baseline (such as the letters p and y). This line shows where the bottoms of the decenders are.
• 5.
  Leading • The amountof space between lines of text • A general rule is that your leading value should be greater than the font size; anywhere from 1.25 to 1.5 times • When you decrease leading, lines get closer to each other, making a block of text appear more compacted • Increasing leading can reduce the pace of a piece of text; it can slow the reader by introducing more white space
• 6.
  • Example 1is set to a negative value (a value that is smaller than the type size). You can see the ascenders colliding with descenders and its effects on readability and aesthetics. • Example 2 is set at an often- recommended value, which is 120% of the type size. This means that if your font size is 10pt, then leading should be set at 12pt. • Example 3 is set to 200% of the type size. You’ll notice the disruption in the pace and flow of reading the text.
• 7.
  • you canmeasure leading by obtaining the distance between two baselines
• 8.
  Tracking • Space betweengroups of characters • Tracking can be described as being loose or tight • Loose tracking is when the letters have a larger distance between them • Tight tracking is when the letters are closer
• 9.
  Kerning • The amountof space between two characters • More the microscopic view of the space between two letters • Kerning is the art of adjusting the space between characters so that the eye can flow easily across the copy without being distracted by discrepancies