Fusarium wilt banana

Fusarium wilt banana

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  COLLEGE OFAGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY (Affiliatedto Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3) Kullapuram (Po),ViaVaigai Dam, Theni-625 562 Fusarium Wilt of Banana Submitted by Course Teacher K.S.ANUPRIALASHMI Dr.S.PARTHASARATHY ID. No. 2015021012 Asst.Prof.,(Plant Pathology)
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  Scientific classification Kingdom: Fungi Division:Ascomycota Class: Sordariomycetes Order: Hypocreales Family: Nectriacea Genus: Fusarium Species: F. oxysporum
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  HISTORY & DISTRIBUTION Fusariumoxysporum f.sp.cubense is a soil-borne fungus that causes Fusarium wilt, which is considered to be the most destructive disease of bananas. The fungus is believed to have evolved with its host in the Indo-Malayan region, and from there it was spread to other banana-growing areas with infected planting material.
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  LIFECYCLE
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  Symptoms:  Externally, thefirst obvious signs of disease in most varieties are wilting and a light yellow colouring of the lower leaves, most prominent around the margins. They eventually turn a bright yellow colour with dead leaf margins.  Splitting of pseudostem base is a characteristic symptom.
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   Internally, symptomsfirst become obvious in the xylem (water conducting) vessels of the roots and the rhizome. These turn a reddish-brown to maroon colour as the fungus grows through the tissues.  When a cross-section is cut, the discolouration appears in a circular pattern around the centre of the rhizome where the infection concentrates due to the arrangement of the vessels. As symptoms progress into the pseudo-stem, continuous lines of discolouration are evident when the plant is cut longitudinally
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  Identification of pathogen: The casual organism is Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense.  This pathogen contains colonies of white to purple pigemented mycelium. Hyphae are septate and hyaline. Conidiaphores are short and simple and having macroconidia and microconidia  Macroconidia usually produced abundantly, slightly sickle-shaped, thin-walled, with an attenuated apical cell and a foot-shaped basal cell. They are three to 5-septate measuring 23-54 x 3-4.5 µm.
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   Microconidia areabundant, mostly non-septate, ellipsoidal to cylindrical, slightly curved or straight, 5-12 x 2.3-3.5 µm occurring in false heads from short monophialides.  The disease is soil borne and the fungus enters the roots through the fine laterals.  The incidence is high in acid alluvial soils.  The pathogen is easily spread by infected rhizomes or suckers, farm implements or vehicles, irrigation water
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   MANAGEMENT:  Culturalmethod  Practice proper crop rotation with paddy/sugarcane once or twice followed by banana for 2-3 cylces  Plant wilt resistant cultivars such as Poovan and Nendran in endemic areas  Proper care should be given when planting susceptible cultivators such Rasthali, Monthan, Karpuravalli, Kadali, Pachanadan by selecting healthy suckers from disease fields  Remove and destroy infested plant material after harvest
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   When only1-3 plants are infected, kill and chop up the diseased plants and stew all the material in water at a temperature of at least 70 deg C for 30 minutes.  Grow healthy plants with proper fertilization, irrigation, weed control  Provide good drainage especially during rainy season  Soil application of rice chaffy grain or dried banana leaf formulation or well decomposed compost around the plants
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  Mechanical method  Machineryand equipment should be treated with a sanitary solution such as Farmcleanse®  Footwear, which may have contacted banana plants or soil around banana plants elsewhere, should not be worn on the farm.  Provide mechanical barriers in and around the infected plants Biological method  Application Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 2.5kg/ha bactericide can also be applied along with farmyard manure and neem cake.  About 60 mg of Pseudomonas fluorescens (in a capsule) can be applied in a 10 cm deep hole made in the corm.
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   Application ofbio control agents like Trichoderma viride @ 25 g for 4 times once at the time of planting in the planting pit and remaining doses at third, fifth and seventh month after planting  Application of T.harzianum Th-10, as dried banana leaf formulation @ 10g/platn in basal + top dressing on 2,4,and 6 months after planting
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  Chemical method  Applicationof 2 per cent of Carbendazim as injection of Carbendazim 50 ml capsule application  Paring (pralinge removal of roots and outer skin of corm) and dipping of the suckers in clay slurry and sprinkled with Carbofuran granules at 40g/corm  Soil drenching of Carbendazim 0.2 per cent solution alternated with Propiconozole 0.1% around the pseudostem at bimonthly intervals starting from five months after planting  Application of urea + sugarcane trash (250g/pit) followed by lime (1Kg/pit) and neem cake (1-2Kg/pit)  Application of neem cake @ 250 Kg/ha was most effecgtive in controlling Fusarium wilt in Rasthali cultivar
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  Symptoms: www.tnauagriportal.com
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  Isolation of Fusariumoxysporum f.sp.cubense
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  Conidia of Fusariumoxysporum f.sp. cubense