FYBSC IT Web Programming Unit V Advanced PHP and MySQL

PHP MySQL Database
 With PHP, you can connect to and manipulate
databases.
 MySQL is the most popular database system
used with PHP.
 The data in a MySQL database are stored in
tables.
 A table is a collection of related data, and it
consists of columns and rows.

relational databases
 In relational databases and flat file databases, a table is a set of data
elements (values) using a model of vertical columns (identifiable by name)
and horizontal rows, the cell being the unit where a row and column
intersect. A table has a specified number of columns, but can have any
number of rows.

Database Queries
 A query is a question or a request.
 We can query a database for specific information
and have a recordset returned.
 Look at the following query (using standard
SQL):
SELECT Last_Name FROM Employee
 The query above selects all the data in the
"LastName" column from the "Employees" table.

PHP Connect to MySQL
 PHP 5 can work with a MySQL database
using:
 MySQLi extension (the "i" stands for improved)
 MySQLi (object-oriented)
 MySQLi (procedural)
 PDO (PHP Data Objects)

Open a Connection to MySQL
Example (MySQLi Object-Oriented)
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = “username";
$password = "password";
// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error){
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
echo "Connected successfully";
?>

Example (MySQLi Procedural)
<?php
$username = "username";
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username,
$password);
// Check connection
if (!$conn){
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}
echo "Connected successfully";
?>

Close the Connection
 The connection will be closed automatically
when the script ends.To close the connection
before, use the following:
 Example (MySQLi Object-Oriented)
$conn->close();
 Example (MySQLi Procedural)
mysqli_close($conn);

PHP Create a MySQL Database
 A database consists of one or more tables.
 The CREATE DATABASE statement is used to
create a database in MySQL.
 If you are using windows by default username is
"root" and password is "" (empty),
 My Localhost is configured with
 Username: root
 Password: password

Example (MySQLi Object-
oriented)
<?php
$username = “root";
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
}
// Create database
$sql = "CREATE DATABASE myDB";
if ($conn->query($sql) ===TRUE) {
echo "Database created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error creating database: " . $conn->error;
}
$conn->close();
?>

Example (MySQLi Procedural)
<?php
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}
// Create database
$sql = "CREATE DATABASE myDB";
if (mysqli_query($conn, $sql)) {
echo "Database created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error creating database: " . mysqli_error($conn);
}
mysqli_close($conn);
?>

Create a MySQL Table Using
MySQLi
 A database table has its own unique name
and consists of columns and rows.
 The CREATETABLE statement is used to
create a table in MySQL.
 Example: create a table named "MyGuests",
with five columns: "id", "firstname",
"lastname", "email" and "reg_date"

Example (MySQLi Object-oriented)
 <?php
$dbname = "myDB";
$conn
= new mysqli($servername,
$username, $password,
$dbname);
// Check connection
die("Connection failed: " .
$conn->connect_error);
}
 // sql to create table
$sql = "CREATETABLE MyGuests (
id INT(6) UNSIGNED
AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
firstnameVARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
lastnameVARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
emailVARCHAR(50),
reg_dateTIMESTAMP
)";
if ($conn->query($sql) ===TRUE) {
echo "Table MyGuests created
successfully";
} else {
echo "Error creating table: " . $conn-
>error;
}
$conn->close();
?>


Insert Data Into MySQL Using
MySQLi
 After a database and a table have been created, we can
start adding data in them.
 Here are some syntax rules to follow:
 The SQL query must be quoted in PHP
 String values inside the SQL query must be quoted
 Numeric values must not be quoted
 The word NULL must not be quoted
 The INSERT INTO statement is used to add new records to
a MySQL table:
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...)

 <?php
$dbname = "myDB";
$conn
= new mysqli($servername,
$username, $password,
$dbname);
// Check connection
die("Connection failed: " .
$conn->connect_error);
}
$sql = "INSERT INTO MyGuests
(firstname, lastname, email)
VALUES ('John', 'Doe',
'john@example.com')";
if ($conn->query($sql) ===
TRUE) {
echo "New record created
successfully";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $sql
. "<br>" . $conn->error;
}
$conn->close();
?>

Insert Multiple Records Into
MySQL Using MySQLi
 Multiple SQL statements must be executed
with the mysqli_multi_query() function.

 <?php
$dbname = "myDB";
$conn
= new mysqli($servername
, $username, $password,
$dbname);
// Check connection
die("Connection failed:
" . $conn->connect_error);
}
$sql = "INSERT INTO MyGuests
VALUES ('John', 'Doe',
'john@example.com');";
$sql .= "INSERT INTO MyGuests
VALUES ('Mary', 'Moe',
'mary@example.com');";
$sql .= "INSERT INTO MyGuests
VALUES ('Julie', 'Dooley',
'julie@example.com')";
if ($conn->multi_query($sql) === TRUE)
{
echo "New records created
successfully";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . $conn->error;
}
$conn->close();
?>

Select Data From a MySQL
Database
 The SELECT statement is used to select data
from one or more tables:
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name
 or we can use the * character to select ALL
columns from a table:
SELECT * FROM table_name

oriented)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>PHP Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
$username = "root";
$dbname = "myDB";
$conn = new mysqli($servername,
$username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
die("Connection failed: " . $conn-
>connect_error);
}
$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname
FROM MyGuests";
$result = $conn->query($sql);
if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
// output data of each row
while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
echo "id: " . $row["id"]. " - Name: " .
$row["firstname"]. "
" . $row["lastname"]. "<br>";
}
} else {
echo "0 results";
}
$conn->close();
?>
</body>
</html>

Delete Data From a MySQL
Table Using MySQLi and PDO
 The DELETE statement is used to delete
records from a table:
DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE some_column = some_value
 WHERE clause in the DELETE syntax:
 TheWHERE clause specifies which record or
records that should be deleted. If you omit the
WHERE clause, all records will be deleted!

oriented)
<?php
$dbname = "myDB";
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
}
// sql to delete a record
$sql = "DELETE FROM MyGuests WHERE id=3";
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
echo "Record deleted successfully";
} else {
echo "Error deleting record: " . $conn->error;
}
$conn->close();
?>

Update Data In a MySQL Table
Using MySQLi
 The UPDATE statement is used to update
existing records in a table:
UPDATE table_name
SET column1=value, column2=value2,...
WHERE some_column=some_value
 Notice theWHERE clause in the UPDATE
syntax:TheWHERE clause specifies which
record or records that should be updated.
 If you omit theWHERE clause, all records will
be updated!

Update Data In a MySQL Table
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>PHP Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
$username = "root";
$dbname = "myDB";
$conn = new mysqli($servername,
$username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
die("Connection failed: " . $conn-
>connect_error);
}
$sql = "UPDATE MyGuests SET
lastname='Dev' WHERE id=2";
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
echo "Record updated successfully";
} else {
echo "Error updating record: " . $conn-
>error;
}
$conn->close();
?>
</body>
</html>

PHP Form Filling
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Add Record Form</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="insert.php"
method="post">
<p>
<label for="firstName">First
Name:</label>
<input type="text"
name="firstname"
id="firstName">
</p>
<p>
<label for="lastName">Last
Name:</label>
<input type="text"
name="lastname" id="lastName">
</p>
<p>
<label for="emailAddress">Email
Address:</label>
<input type="text" name="email"
id="emailAddress">
</p>
<input type="submit"
value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

PHP 5 MySQLi Functions
Function Description
mysqli_affected_rows() Returns the number of affected rows in the previous
MySQL operation
mysqli_autocommit() Turns on or off auto-committing database modifications
mysqli_change_user() Changes the user of the specified database connection
mysqli_character_set_n
ame()
Returns the default character set for the database
connection

mysqli_close() Closes a previously opened database connection
mysqli_commit() Commits the current transaction
mysqli_connect_errno() Returns the error code from the last connection error
mysqli_connect_error() Returns the error description from the last connection
error
mysqli_connect() Opens a new connection to the MySQL server

mysqli_data_seek() Adjusts the result pointer to an arbitrary row in the
result-set
mysqli_debug() Performs debugging operations
mysqli_dump_debug_info() Dumps debugging info into the log
mysqli_errno() Returns the last error code for the most recent
function call
mysqli_error_list() Returns a list of errors for the most recent function
call
mysqli_error() Returns the last error description for the most recent
function call

mysqli_fetch_all() Fetches all result rows as an associative array, a
numeric array, or both
mysqli_fetch_array() Fetches a result row as an associative, a numeric
array, or both
mysqli_fetch_assoc() Fetches a result row as an associative array
mysqli_fetch_field_direct() Returns meta-data for a single field in the result set,
as an object
mysqli_fetch_field() Returns the next field in the result set, as an object
mysqli_fetch_fields() Returns an array of objects that represent the fields
in a result set

mysqli_fetch_lengths() Returns the lengths of the columns of the current
row in the result set
mysqli_fetch_object() Returns the current row of a result set, as an object
mysqli_fetch_row() Fetches one row from a result-set and returns it as
an enumerated array
mysqli_field_count() Returns the number of columns for the most recent
query
mysqli_field_seek() Sets the field cursor to the given field offset
mysqli_field_tell() Returns the position of the field cursor

mysqli_free_result() Frees the memory associated with a result
mysqli_get_charset() Returns a character set object
mysqli_get_client_info() Returns the MySQL client library version
mysqli_get_client_stats() Returns statistics about client per-process
mysqli_get_client_version() Returns the MySQL client library version as an
integer
mysqli_get_connection_sta
ts()
Returns statistics about the client connection

mysqli_get_host_info() Returns the MySQL server hostname and the
connection type
mysqli_get_proto_info() Returns the MySQL protocol version
mysqli_get_server_info() Returns the MySQL server version
mysqli_get_server_version() Returns the MySQL server version as an integer
mysqli_info() Returns information about the most recently
executed query
mysqli_init() Initializes MySQLi and returns a resource for use
with mysqli_real_connect()

mysqli_insert_id() Returns the auto-generated id used in the last query
mysqli_kill() Asks the server to kill a MySQL thread
mysqli_more_results() Checks if there are more results from a multi query
mysqli_multi_query() Performs one or more queries on the database
mysqli_next_result() Prepares the next result set from
mysqli_multi_query()
mysqli_num_fields() Returns the number of fields in a result set

mysqli_num_rows() Returns the number of rows in a result set
mysqli_options() Sets extra connect options and affect behavior for a
connection
mysqli_ping() Pings a server connection, or tries to reconnect if the
connection has gone down
mysqli_prepare() Prepares an SQL statement for execution
mysqli_query() Performs a query against the database
mysqli_real_connect() Opens a new connection to the MySQL server

mysqli_real_escape_string() Escapes special characters in a string for use in an
SQL statement
mysqli_real_query() Executes an SQL query
mysqli_reap_async_query() Returns the result from async query
mysqli_refresh() Refreshes tables or caches, or resets the replication
server information
mysqli_rollback() Rolls back the current transaction for the database
mysqli_select_db() Changes the default database for the connection

mysqli_set_charset() Sets the default client character set
mysqli_set_local_infile_def
ault()
Unsets user defined handler for load local infile
command
mysqli_set_local_infile_han
dler()
Set callback function for LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE
command
mysqli_sqlstate() Returns the SQLSTATE error code for the last
MySQL operation
mysqli_ssl_set() Used to establish secure connections using SSL
mysqli_stat() Returns the current system status

mysqli_stmt_init() Initializes a statement and returns an object for use
with mysqli_stmt_prepare()
mysqli_store_result() Transfers a result set from the last query
mysqli_thread_id() Returns the thread ID for the current connection
mysqli_thread_safe() Returns whether the client library is compiled as
thread-safe
mysqli_use_result() Initiates the retrieval of a result set from the last
query executed using the mysqli_real_query()
mysqli_warning_count() Returns the number of warnings from the last query
in the connection

PHP Cookies:What is a Cookie?
 A cookie is often used to identify a user.
 A cookie is a small file that the server embeds on the user's
computer.
 Each time the same computer requests a page with a browser, it
will send the cookie too.
 With PHP, you can both create and retrieve cookie values.
 A cookie is created with the setcookie() function.
 Syntax
setcookie(name, value, expire, path, domain, secure, httponly);
 Only the name parameter is required.All other parameters are optional.

Create Cookies With PHP
<!DOCTYPE html>
<?php
$cookie_name = "user";
$cookie_value = "John Doe";
setcookie($cookie_name, $cookie_value, time() + (86400 * 30), "/"); // 86400 = 1 day
?>
<html> <body>
<?php
if(!isset($_COOKIE[$cookie_name])) {
echo "Cookie named '" . $cookie_name . "' is not set!";
} else {
echo "Cookie '" . $cookie_name . "' is set!<br>";
echo "Value is: " . $_COOKIE[$cookie_name];}
?>
<p><strong>Note:</strong>You might have to reload the page to see
the value of the cookie.</p>
</body></html>

PHP Sessions:What is a PHP Session?
 A session is a way to store information (in variables) to be used
across multiple pages.
 Unlike a cookie, the information is not stored on the users
computer.
 When you work with an application, you open it, do some
changes, and then you close it.This is much like a Session.The
computer knows who you are. It knows when you start the
application and when you end. But on the internet there is one
problem: the web server does not know who you are or what you
do, because the HTTP address doesn't maintain state.
 Session variables solve this problem by storing user information
to be used across multiple pages (e.g. username, favorite color,
etc). By default, session variables last until the user closes the
browser.
 So; Session variables hold information about one single user, and
are available to all pages in one application.

Start a PHP Session
<?php // Start the session
session_start();
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
// Set session variables
$_SESSION["favcolor"] = "green";
$_SESSION["favanimal"] = "cat";
echo "Session variables are set.";
?>
</body>
</html>

PHP HTTP Functions
 The HTTP functions let you manipulate information sent to the
browser by theWeb server, before any other output has been sent.
 The HTTP functions are part of the PHP core.There is no installation
needed to use these functions.
header() Sends a raw HTTP header to a client
headers_list() Returns a list of response headers sent (or ready to send)
headers_sent() Checks if / where the HTTP headers have been sent
setcookie() Defines a cookie to be sent along with the rest of the HTTP
headers
setrawcookie() Defines a cookie (without URL encoding) to be sent along
with the rest of the HTTP headers

FYBSC IT Web Programming Unit V Advanced PHP and MySQL

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FYBSC IT Web Programming Unit V Advanced PHP and MySQL