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G8 Science Teaching Demo Comets, Meteors and Asteroids
- 1. WELCOME TO SCIENCE CLASS MS. MARIANNJOY TANILON
- 2. BE RESPECTFUL It's importantto show respect for the opinions and beliefs of others.
- 3. BE PARTICIPATIVE Work effectivelywith your group members and classmates through collaboration.
- 4.
- 8.
- 9. Learning Objectives a. Identifythe characteristics of comets, meteors and asteroids; b. Draw an illustration of the solar system, accurately marking the primary locations of comets , asteroids and meteors, and c. Demonstrate an interest in space exploration by reflecting on how the study of comets, meteors, and asteroids contributes to our understanding of the solar system At the end of the discussion, the students should be able to:
- 10. MORE Let's get toknow them
- 11.
- 12. What feature distinguishesa comet from an asteroid?
- 13. How do meteorsdiffers in size compared to comet and asteroids?
- 14. Which two typesof celestial bodies can share a rocky or metallic texture but usually lack a glowing tail?
- 15. COMETS • We oftencall them ‘snowballs’. • These cosmic snowballs of frozen gases, rock and dust are approximately the size of a small town. • The gases and dust form a gigantic tail that stretches away from the sun for millions of kilometers. • They can be short period comets (with orbital periods up to 200 years) and long-period comets with orbital period of over 200 years.
- 16. COMETS • When farfrom the sun, comets are very cold, icy dirtballs. As they approach the sun, their surfaces begin to warm and volatile materials vaporize. • The vaporizing gases carry small dust grains with them, which form an atmosphere of gas and dust and can look like a bright tail when seen from Earth.
- 17. COMETS • Comets, however,are icy dirtballs that form in the outer solar system. • The icy surface is embedded with dust, grit and particles from space. • The most distant comets may take more than 30 million years to complete one orbit. • Comets with smaller orbital paths can take less than 200 years to orbit the sun, making them more predictable.
- 18. Parts of aComet As a comet approaches the sun, it warms up. During this warming, you can observe several distinct parts: • nucleus • coma • hydrogen envelope • dust tail • ion tail
- 19. Parts of aComet • The nucleus is the main, solid part of the comet. The nucleus is usually 1 to 10 kilometers in diameter, but can be as big as 100 kilometers. It can be composed of rock. • The coma is a halo of evaporated gas (water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide) and dust that surrounds the nucleus. The coma is made as the comet warms up and is often 1,000 times larger than the nucleus. It can even become as big as Jupiter or Saturn (100,000 kilometers). The coma and nucleus together form the head of the comet.
- 20. Parts of aComet • Surrounding the coma is an invisible layer of hydrogen called the hydrogen envelope; the hydrogen may come from water molecules. It usually has an irregular shape because it is distorted by the solar wind. The hydrogen envelope gets bigger as the comet approaches the sun.
- 21. FAMOUS COMET THAT PASSBY THE EARTH
- 22. • It’s probablythe most recognizable passing object in the sky. • This short-period comet is one of the most famous short-term comets (it completes its orbit in less than 200 years). • It takes 75 to 76 years to orbit the Sun 1. Halley’s Comet Last flyby: 1986 Next flyby: 2061
- 23. • It isone of the most spectacular naked eye comets in history and one of the most observable comets for several decades. • It was discovered in 1995 by amateur astronomers Alan Hale in New Mexico and Thomas Bopp in Arizona. • It was visible to the naked eye for a record 18 months, twice as long as the previous record holder, the Great Comet of 1811. This long- period comet will be visible with large telescopes until around 2020. It remains the largest comet ever observed. 2. Hale-Bopp Last flyby: 1997 Next flyby: around 4385
- 24. • Comet Lovejoywas one of the brightest and most active comets since comet Hale-Bopp in 1997. • Lovejoy passed closest to the sun on January 30, 2015, when it was releasing water at the rate of 20 tons per second. • The finding strongly suggests that comets could have been a source of the complex organic molecules necessary for the emergence of life. • In December of 2011, Comet Lovejoy (C/2011 W3) surprised astronomers by traveling through the Sun’s corona and survived an estimated 2,200,000° F (1,200,000° C) 3. Lovejoy Last flyby: 2011 Next flyby: 2633
- 25. Asteroids • Asteroids arerocky fragments left over from the formation of the solar system about 4.6 billion years ago.
- 26. • These rockyfragments are also called Minor Planets or Planetoids. • Most asteroids orbit the sun in a belt between Mars and Jupiter ( Asteroid Belt) Asteroids
- 27.
- 28. Asteroids • Occasionally, asteroids'orbital paths are influenced by the gravitational tug of planets, which cause their paths to alter. • Scientists believe stray asteroids or fragments from earlier collisions have slammed into Earth in the past, playing a major role in the evolution of our planet
- 29. Asteroid Ida andits moon Dactyl, imaged by the Galileo spacecraft. Asteroids
- 30. METEOR Some meteoroids survive passage through Earth's atmosphere • Are fragments resulted from the collisionof comets or asteroid When one approaches Earth, it burns up as it goes through Earth's atmosphere. Thus a METEOR is formed. METEORITE METEOROID
- 32. Comets Asteroids Meteors Location Cometsorbit the sun, but most are believed to inhabit in an area known as the Oort Cloud, far beyond the orbit of Pluto. Between the orbit of Mars and Jupiter or are co-orbital with Jupiter (the Jupiter trojans). Came from the Asteroid belt. Comet dust. Compositio n Nucleus- core structure Cometary nuclei are composed of an amalgamation of rock, dust, water ice, and frozen carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and ammonia. Asteroids near the sun composed of carbon while the ones faraway composed of silicate rocks • Iron and Nickel • chondrites, composed of silicon materials • Stony Iron Orbit Comets go around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit. Around the sun travel around the Sun in a variety of orbits and at various speeds.
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- 34. Assignmet: TEST YOURARTISTRY In a long bondpaper, make an illustration of the solar system highlighting the location of comet, meteor and asteroid.
- 35. LIFE IS LIKEA COMET THAT BRIEFLY CROSSES THE NIGHT SKY WITHOUT ALMOST BEING NOTICED
- 36.
Editor's Notes
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