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Gantt Charts.ppt
Project management involves planning, organizing, and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of a project. A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service, with a defined beginning and end, that is conducted to meet specific goals. Project management techniques include developing a work breakdown structure to define tasks, using Gantt charts to schedule tasks and track progress over time, and monitoring the project to ensure it is completed according to the schedule, budget, and quality specifications.
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Gantt Charts.ppt
- 1. What is ProjectManagement? A project is an interrelated set of activities that has a definite starting and ending point and that results in a unique product. (service) ■ Management is generally perceived as concerned with planning, organizing, and control of an ongoing process or activity. ■ Project management is concerned with control of an important activity for a relatively short period of time after which management effort ends.
- 2. Process vs. ProjectWork Project Take place outside the normal, process-oriented world Unique and separate from routine, process- driven work Continually evolving Process • Ongoing, day-to-day activities to produce goods and services • Use existing systems, properties, and capabilities • Typically repetitive A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service.
- 3. Additional Definitions • Aproject is a unique venture with a beginning and an end, conducted by people to meet established goals within parameters of cost, schedule, and quality. Buchanan & Boddy 92 • Projects are goal-oriented, involve the coordinated undertaking of interrelated activities, are of finite duration, and are all, to a degree unique. Frame 95
- 4. Project Definitions Summarized Aproject can be considered any series of activities and tasks that have: Specific objectives to be completed within certain specifications, Defined start and end dates, Funding limits, Human and nonhuman resources, and Multifunctional focus.
- 5. Characteristics of Project •A one-time focus • A specific purpose and a desired result • A start and a finish • A time frame for completion • A limited set of resources • A logical sequence of interdependent activities • A clear user(customer, client) of the result
- 6. Elements of ProjectPlanning Define project objective(s) Identify activities Establish precedence relationships Make time estimates Determine project completion time Compare project schedule objectives Determine resource requirements to meet objective
- 7. Project Success Rates •Software & hardware projects fail at a 65% rate, • Over half of all IT projects become runaways, • Only 30% of technology-based projects and programs are a success. • Only 2.5% of global businesses achieve 100% project success and over 50% of global business projects fail, • Average success of business-critical application development projects is 32%, and • Approximately 42% of the 1,200 Iraq reconstruction projects were eventually terminated due to mismanagement or shoddy construction
- 8. ■ Project teamtypically consists of a group of individuals from various areas in an organization and often includes outside consultants. ■ Members of engineering staff often assigned to project work. ■ Project team may include workers. ■ Most important member of project team is the project manager. ■ Project manager is often under great pressure because of uncertainty inherent in project activities and possibility of failure. Potential rewards, however, can be substantial. ■ Project manager must be able to coordinate various skills of team members into a single focused effort. The Project Team
- 9. Project Manager Responsibilities 1. Selectinga team 2. Developing project objectives and a plan for execution 3. Performing risk management activities 4. Cost estimating and budgeting 5. Scheduling 6. Managing resources
- 10. Steps in Managinga Project Define the problem Develop solution options Plan the Project : what must be done ?, who will do it?, How will it be done ? How much will it cost? ,what do we need to do? Execute the plan Monitor & Control Progress Close Project What was done well? What should be improved? Steps in Managing a Project
- 11. Project Life Cycles ManHours Conceptualization Planning Execution Termination Project Life Cycle Stages
- 12. 24-Feb-23 Dr.Bokkasam Sasidhar ProjectLife Cycle
- 13. Project Life Cycle 24-Feb-23Dr.Bokkasam Sasidhar
- 14. Project Life Cyclesand Their Effects Project Life Cycles and Their Effects
- 15. Elements of ProjectManagement Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) ■ WBS breaks down project into major components (modules). ■ Modules are further broken down into subcomponents, components, activities, and finally, into individual tasks. ■ Identifies activities, tasks, resource requirements and relationships between modules and activities. ■ Helps avoid duplication of effort. ■ Basis for project development, management , schedule resources and modifications. ■ Approaches for WBS development: 1. Top down process 2. Brainstorm entire project
- 16. Work Breakdown Structure 24-Feb-23Dr.Bokkasam Sasidhar
- 17. A Work BreakdownStructure (three levels) for a new business
- 18. WBS for computerizedorder-processing system project Elements of Project Management Work Breakdown Structure
- 19.
- 20. Elements of ProjectManagement Project Scheduling ■ Project schedule evolves from planning documents, with focus on timely completion. ■ Critical element in project management – source of most conflicts and problems. ■ Schedule development steps: 1. Define activities, 2. Sequence activities, 3. Estimate activity times, 4. Develop schedule. ■ Gantt chart and CPM/PERT techniques can be useful. ■ Computer software packages available, e.g. QM for Windows, Microsoft Project.
- 21. Elements of ProjectManagement Gantt Chart ■ Popular, traditional technique, also known as a bar chart - developed by Henry Gantt (1914). The concept was first developed around the turn of the 19th Century by American Henry L. Gantt, who, working with a colleague Frederick Taylor devised a method of describing production planning and resource loading for factories and workshops. ■ In truth, the first ‘Gantt charts’ were more like tables than charts, though this was one of the first instances of the deliverable-vs-time concept. ■ Direct precursor of CPM/PERT for monitoring work progress. ■ A visual display of project schedule showing activity start and finish times and where extra time is available.
- 22. Elements of ProjectManagement Gantt Chart ■ Suitable for projects with few activities and precedence relationships. ■ Drawback: precedence relationships are not always discernible which limits chart’s use for smaller projects
- 23. Gantt Chart • Visualscheduling tool • Graphical representation of information • Show dependencies between tasks, personnel, and other resources allocations • Track progress towards completion
- 24. What is aGantt chart? A Gantt chart: •shows the activities of a project mapped against a timescale •is used to plan a project, sequencing activities and setting them out in the order in which they must be completed •must be used as a tool, along with other project management tools.
- 25. How a Ganttchart works • Tasks are listed on the vertical axis and the project time span is on the horizontal axis. • The critical path is drawn on the chart first, then each non-critical activity is added, showing earliest finish time and duration – contingencies can be built in here. • It will immediately be clear which activity has the greatest impact on the project duration.
- 26. Building a GanttChart • List all tasks and milestones from the project along the vertical axis • List time frame along the horizontal axis Activity 1 Activity 2 Milestone Time Frame: day 1 day 2 day3
- 27. Building a GanttChart • Activities: Create box the length of each activity time duration – E.g., activity one is scheduled from day1-day3 Activity 1 Activity 2 Time Frame: day 1 day 2 day3
- 28. Features of aGantt chart • Gantt charts can indicate dependencies – tasks that can’t start until another one is complete. • A Gantt chart should include a key to show the meanings of the symbols used and the significance of colours. • The chart must be updated, as the project progresses, to show the current state.
- 29. Producing a Ganttchart • Gantt charts are usually created by means of computer software. • There are packages specifically designed to produce them. • Each package has different features and produces different looking charts, but the results are similar.
- 30. Parts of aGantt chart • The next slide shows a simple Gantt chart with a title and nine tasks. • The tasks range from market research at the start to user documentation at the end. • The tasks are listed on the vertical axis. • The horizontal axis is divided into weeks, subdivided into days.
- 31. Example of aGantt chart
- 32. Creating a Ganttchart • To create the chart, the start and end dates of the individual tasks and sub-tasks are entered interactively to the software. • Milestones can also be entered. • The software produces the chart on the basis of the information supplied. • The progress of the tasks is entered on a regular basis; the software updates the chart accordingly.
- 33. Developing a Ganttchart • Depending on the software used, reports can be produced about those tasks that are running behind schedule and the impact of any delay on the end date of the project can be seen. • Some organisations call a Gantt chart a ‘programme of work’, a ‘schedule’ or simply a ‘bar chart’.
- 34. Benefits of aGantt chart • Clarity • Communication • Coordination • Time management • Flexibility • Manageability • Efficiency • Accountability
- 35. Gantt Charts Establisha time-phased network Can be used as a tracking tool Benefits of Gantt charts 1. Easy to create and comprehend 2. Identify the schedule baseline network 3. Allow for updating and control 4. Identify resource needs
- 36. Limitations of aGantt chart • The Gantt chart relies on the work breakdown schedule being complete. • If tasks or milestones are missing, they will not be accounted for and the Gantt chart may have to be redrawn. • The main focus is on time, therefore cost and scope of the project may not be accounted for.
- 37. Sequence of Activitiesof The Project - House Building Number Activity Predecessor Duration 1 Design house and obtain financing -- 3 months 2 Lay foundation 1 2 months 3 Order and receive materials 1 1 month 4 Build house 2,3 3 months 5 Select paint 2, 3 1 month 6 Select carpet 5 1 month 7 Finish work 4, 6 1 month
- 38. Gantt Chart forHouse Building Project A Gantt chart
- 39. 24-Feb-23 Dr.Bokkasam Sasidhar GanttChart for House Building Project using QM for Windows
- 40. QM for Windows QMfor Windows provides mathematical analysis for Operations Management, Quantitative methods, or Management Science. It features calculation methods for PERT/CPM, Linear Programming, Decision Analysis, Transportation problem, Statistical functions, Game Theory, Goal Programming, etc.