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Gas exchange
- 1.
- 2. LO • List thefeatures of gas exchange surfaces in humans • Name and identify the lungs, diaphragm, ribs, intercostal muscles, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and associated capillaries • Explain the role of goblet cells, mucus and ciliated cells in protecting the gas exchange system from pathogens and particles
- 3. Functions • Taking inthe oxygen • Getting rid of carbon dioxide = gas exchange
- 4. Gas exchange systemin humans Made up of: • Respiratory surface = membranes lining the alveoli • A set of tubes – allow the air to reach the respiratory surface • Blood supply – to carry dissolved gases to and from the respiratory system • Ventilation system – to keep the flow of air
- 5. Respiratory surface =gas exchange surface • Thin • Large surface area • Moist • Well ventilated • Close to a blood supply
- 6. • Mucous membrane– lines the whole bronchial tree
- 7. Set of tubes= bronchial tree
- 9. • Larynx (voicebox) – Vocal cords – Produces sounds
- 10. • Trachea (windpipe) –Tube that carries air towards the lungs – Made of C-shaped rings that prevents it from collapse
- 11. • Bronchus - firstbranch from the trachea - contains cartilage plates - one pair
- 12. • Bronchiole – Final,very fine branch – Leading into alveolus – No cartilage
- 13. • Alveoli – Airsacs – Lined by the membranes where the gas exchange takes place – The surface is moist, thin – Surface area as big as tennis court
- 16. LO • Explain therole of the ribs, the internal and external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm in producing volume and pressure changes in the thorax leading to the ventilation of the lungs • Explain the differences in composition between inspired and expired air
- 17. Additional organs • Intercostalmuscles – Contract and pull the rib cage upwards and outwards while breathing in – Relax and rib cage falls downwards and inwards while breathing out
- 19. • Diaphragm – Athin sheet of muscle under the lungs • Pleural membrane – Stick the outside of the lungs to the inside of the chest cavity
- 21. Breathing in • Intercostalmuscles contract and pull the rig cage upwards and outwards • Diaphragm muscles contract and diaphragm moves down • Lung volume increases and the pressure falls • Air rushes in to fill the extra space and equalise the pressure
- 22. Breathing out • Intercostalmuscles relax and rib cage falls downwards and inwards • Diaphragm muscles relax and diaphragm returns to its dome shape • Lung volume decreases • Air is forced out
- 25. The air Component ofair inspired expired reason Oxygen 21% 18% Oxygen has diffused from the air in the alveoli into the blood Carbon dioxide 0.04% 3% Carbon dioxide has diffused from the blood into the air in the alveoli Nitrogen 78% 78% Nitrogen gas is not used by the body Water vapor Very variable saturated Water evaporates from surface in the alveoli Temperature Very variable 37°C Heat is lost to the air from the lung surfaces
- 26. Efficiency of thelungs • Spirometer – Measures the amount of air that enters and leaves the lungs – Graph = spirogram
- 27. • Homework 2: –Explain the link between physical activity and rate and depth of breathing in terms of changes in the rate at which tissues respire and therefore of carbon dioxide concentration and pH in tissues and in the blood • Hand in in written form on Monday – P. 126 - 127
Editor's Notes
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