GEC106 - ART APPRECIATION - GENRES OF ART - PAINTING REPORT HANDOUTS.pdf
- 1. GEC106 – Art Appreciation Section Vv Franco, Hadassah Pearl A. May ___, 2024 Genres of Arts: PAINTING INTRODUCTION (BRIEF SUMMARY) Painting is an Art consisting of representational, imaginative, or abstract designs produced by application of colored paints to a two-dimensional, prepared, flat surface. The elements of design (i.e., line, colour, tone, texture) are used in various ways to produce sensations of volume, space, movement, and light. The range of media (e.g., tempera, fresco, oil, watercolor, ink, gouache, encaustic, casein) and the choice of a particular form (e.g., mural, easel, panel, miniature, illuminated manuscript, scroll, screen, and fan) combine to realize a unique visual image. Beginnings of Painting (History and evolution, progress) Painting as an art form dates back to prehistoric cave paintings. The early cultural traditions of tribes, religions, guilds, royal courts, and states controlled the craft, form, imagery, and subject matter of painting and determined its function (e.g., ritualistic, devotional, decorative). Painters were considered skilled artisans rather than creative artists until eventually, in East Asia and Renaissance Europe; the fine artist emerged with the social status of a scholar and courtier. Fine artists signed their work and decided its design and often its subject and imagery. Over time painters have increasingly gained the freedom to invent their own visual language and to experiment with new forms and unconventional materials and techniques. In the early 20th century painters began to experiment with nonrepresentational art in which formal qualities such as line, color, and form were explored rather than subject matter. Throughout the century styles vacillated between representational and nonrepresentational painting. In the late 20th century some critics forecast the “death of painting” in the face of new media such as video and installation art, yet talented new artists repeatedly brought painting back to the center of artistic production. 6 ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF PAINTING – the basic components or building blocks of a painting. Line Shape – In essence, a shape is an enclosed area that is made when lines meet. When that shape takes on a third dimension (as in sculpture or some mixed media), we then also have form. - Geometric shapes - precise shapes that can be described using mathematical formulas. Ex. Circle, square, triangle, oval, rectangle, parallelogram, trapezoid, pentagon, pentagram, hexagon, and octagon. - Freeform Shapes - also called organic shapes, are irregular and uneven shapes. Their outlines may be curved, angular, or a combination of both - Shapes defined by objects are positive shapes (space). Shapes defined around objects are negative shapes (space). - Form - means objects that have three dimensions. I like to think of form as a 3-D shape. Form and Shape are related. You can turn a shape into the illusion of form by adding value and you can simplify a form from life into a shape. Texture – This can be interpreted as a pattern within the painting or the brushstrokes themselves. Space - When talking about space in art, we think of the balance between positive and negative space. - Positive Space – the subject itself - Negative Space – the area of the painting around it - Artists can play with a balance between these two spaces to further influence how viewers interpret their work. Color (or hue) – is at the heart of every painting. It is arguably the most important element because it sets the tone for how viewers feel about the work. Color pigments &vehicle – pigments are natural or synthetic color particles usually in powder form. Vehicle is a liquid that holds particles of pigment together without dissolving them and acts as a binder which adheres the pigments to the painted surface. Color theory is one of the keys to working with color, especially for painters. Each new color you introduce to a canvas plays a vital role in the perception viewers have of the piece. o Complementary Colors o Analogous Colors o Triadic o Split Complementary o Tetradic - tetrad is four colors, that is, two pairs of complementary combinations. Color can be broken down further into hue, intensity, and value. Tone/Value - Basically Tone is a Value. Value is the lightness and darkness of a color. Tint is lightness (adding white to a color), Tone is a change in the color using its opposite (such as green added to red in various degrees) and Shade is darkness (adding black to a color). Tone/value gives dimension (depth) to the 2D painting. Hue – the right term to use for color in art (A hue of red, a hue of green, etc.)
- 2. 4 ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS OF PAINTING: Composition - is the way in which different elements of an artwork are combined or arranged. It is the arrangement of the painting. Where you place the subject, how the background elements support it, and every little piece that you add to the canvas becomes part of the composition. It is critical to how the work is perceived. Direction – is a broad term that can be interpreted in many ways. You might consider the format of a painting part of its direction. (Horizontal/Vertical canvas); It can also refer to the artwork’s perspective. Where you place objects or how they're used in proportion to others can direct a viewer through the art. Painters are also concerned about the direction of the light in their paintings (highlights and shadows). Size - refers to the scale of the painting itself as well as the scale of proportions within the painting's elements. (Example: Apple and Elephant) Time (or movement) Time can be viewed as the amount of time a viewer spends looking at a piece. Movement refers to how you direct the viewer's eye within the painting. By including various elements in strategic places and incorporating the other elements of art, you can keep viewers moving around the painting. RANGE OF ART (PAINTING) MEDIUMS Acrylic - Watercolor - Pastels Fresco Gouache Charcoal Tempera Oil paint Encaustic Chalk Glass Ink Mixed Media Casein - is an ancient type of milk-based, water- soluble, opaque paint which has been found in prehistoric cave paintings. FORMS OF ART Murals Easel Panel Miniature illuminated manuscript scroll screen fan CONCEPTS OF PAINTING 1. Traditional Painting – color pigments and vehicle 2. Contemporary – Digital/graphic arts (uses technology) 3. Arts Related to Painting Cross-stitch, Embroidery (thread, yarn) Tapestry - a form of textile art, traditionally woven by hand on a loom. Normally it is used to create images rather than patterns. Stained glass Mosaic (Historical evolution) Prehistoric Era of Painting 1. Stone Age a. Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) - roughly 2,500,000 years ago to 35000 BC. (First to leave behind art) b. Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) - from 10000 to 6000 B.C. c. Neolithic (New Stone Age) - from 6000 to 4000 B.C. 2. Metal Ages – Started in 5000 and ended 1000 B.C. a. Copper Age - from 3000 to 1500 BC b. Bronze Age - Lasted from 3000 to 1500 B.C. c. Iron Age - It extends from 1500 until the invention of writing, in 550 BC, which marks the beginning of human history. Pre-historic paintings Magura Cave (Bulgaria) Cueva de las Manos (Patagonia, Argentina) Cave of Altamira (Spain) Lascaux (France) References: https://thevirtualinstructor.com/Shape.html https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/elements-of- painting-4154035 https://humanidades.com/en/prehistory/