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Gene-seed bank in World &India - An Overview - pdfn .pdf
- 1. GENE/SEED BANKS IN THE WORLD AND INDIA Dr. K. VANANGAMUDI, Former Dean (Agriculture), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. 1. Major Gene/Seed Banks in the World Name Location Started Head/Director Highlights Svalbard Global Seed Vault Svalbard, Norway 2008 Lise Lykke Steffensen (Executive Director, NordGen) - "Doomsday Vault" - Backup for global seed banks - 1 million+ seed samples stored Millennium Seed Bank Sussex, UK 2000 Dr. Elinor Breman (Senior Research Leader, RBG Kew) - Largest wild plant seed conservation bank - 2.4 billion seeds preserved International Rice Genebank (IRRI) Los Baños, Philippines 1960 Dr. Jean Balié (Director General, IRRI) - 1,30,000+ rice varieties - Supports global rice breeding CIMMYT Genebank (Wheat & Maize) Texcoco, Mexico 1966 Dr. Bram Govaerts (Director General, CIMMYT) - 1,50,000 wheat and 28,000 maize samples ICARDA Genebank Lebanon (ex- Syria) 1977 Aly Abousabaa (Director General, ICARDA) - Dryland crops - Seeds stored in Svalbard during Syrian crisis
- 2. 2. Major Gene/Seed Banks in India Name Location Started Head/Director Highlights National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) New Delhi 1976 Dr. Kuldeep Singh (Director, NBPGR) - Main gene bank of India - 4,00,000+ accessions- Long- term (-20°C) storage ICAR-National Gene bank New Delhi (part of NBPGR) 1996 Dr. Kuldeep Singh - Houses seeds, DNA, tissue cultures - Supports crop research & revival Indian Seed Vault Chang La, Ladakh 2010 Joint project (DRDO + NBPGR) - At 17,300 ft - Backup seed reserve similar to Svalbard Regional Stations (NBPGR) Hyderabad, Shillong, Ranchi - Regional Heads under NBPGR - Store locally adapted plant varieties & wild species 3. Purpose and Importance Preserve genetic diversity for food security Reintroduce extinct or endangered varieties Ensure backup during disasters, wars, or climate changes Support research and crop improvement 4. Quick Recap Points Svalbard Vault (2008): Global backup Millennium Seed Bank (2000): Wild plants IRRI (1960): Rice diversity NBPGR India (1976): Central genebank Chang La Seed Vault (2010): Cold desert seed reserve