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genetic engenerring 11111111111111111111111
- 2. Recombinant DNA Technology • The isolation, amplification and modification of specific DNA sequences • Refers to the transfer of a gene from one organism into another organism • Also called molecular cloning or genetic engineering • The DNA in which genes from different sources (often different species) are combined in vitro into the same molecule
- 4. What is cloning used for? •Agricultural •Medical •Environmental •Industrial
- 6. Golden Rice The World Heath Organization estimates that between 1 and 2 million children die each year from vitamin A deficiency. • Golden rice is a genetically modified food that is fortified with beta carotene, which the human body converts into vitamin A. • This transgenic organism is the result of mixing genes from a bacterium and from daffodils into the rice genome. • It is not currently used due to regulatory issues. 6 Golden rice
- 7. Golden Rice is Modified to be Provide a Dietary Source of Vitamin A Worldwide, 7% of children suffer vitamin A deficiency, many of them living in regions in which rice is a staple of the diet. Golden rice (yellow) with standard rice (white).
- 8. Genetically Modified Crops Genetically Modified Cotton (contains a bacterial gene for pest resistance) Standard Cotton
- 9. GM salmon
- 12. GMOs, Especially Outside the US, Are a Divisive Issue Protesters at the 2000 Montreal World Trade Summit European sentiment
- 13. Common GM Foods
- 15. GM Crops are Here Today Source: Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology, August 2004.
- 16. Medical Production of human proteins to treat genetic diseases Protein Disease/Disorder Human insulin Diabetes mellitus Human Growth Hormone Deficiency in children Erythropoietin Anemia DNase I Cystic fibrosis Human antibody blocker Asthma Atryn anticoagulant
- 17. Route to the Production by Bacteria of Human Insulin A fermentor used to grow recombinant bacteria. This is the step when gene cloning takes place. The single recombinant plasmid replicates within a cell. •Then the single cell with many recombinant plasmids produces trillions of like cells with recombinant plasmid – and the human insulin gene. One cell with the recombinant plasmid
- 18. Route to the Production by Bacteria of Human Insulin •The final steps are to collect the bacteria, break open the cells, and purify the insulin protein expressed from the recombinant human insulin gene.
- 19. Environmental Bacteria can be genetically transformed with genes enabling them to digest oil spills or remove pollutants from the environment
- 20. Industrial GMO
- 21. 1. DNA isolation 2. Target Gene Amplification 3. Plasmid isolation 4. Cut Target Gene and Plasmid 5. Ligation 6. Transformation 7. Cellular Screening 8. Protein Expression CLONING PROCESS
- 22. What is DNA? In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell.
- 23. الـ لخيط الفيزيوكيميائي التركيب DNA الـ لخيط الفيزيوكيميائي التركيب DNA Watson and Crick (1953) Watson and Crick (1953)
- 35. 20 A 34 A 1 angstrom = 1 × 10 -10 meters
- 38. Extranuclear DNA : Genome: is the entire genetic material inside a cell. Genome size, type, and number of genes vary greatly among organisms. The genetic material is not only present in the nuclei of cells, but there are small amounts of genetic material found in some organelles such as: mitochondria, chloroplasts