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Gentamicin
This document provides information on various gentamicin injection products available in Pakistan made by different pharmaceutical companies. It discusses gentamicin's mechanism of action as an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria. It also provides dosing, administration, contraindications and precautions for gentamicin treatment. The document then shifts to discussing cloxacillin products in Pakistan and information about cloxacillin as a penicillinase-resistant penicillin antibiotic.
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Gentamicin
- 2. • GENTICYN (Reckitt Benckiser) Available in Paediatric inj: 10mg/ml; 2ml vial Inj: gentamycin as sulphate: 40mg/ml; 1ml and 2ml amp. • GENTICILLIN ( Indus Pharma) Inj 20mg/40mg/80mg: Per amp: Gentamycin(as sulphate) 20mg(2ml amp)/40mg(1ml amp/80mg(2 ml amp) • GENTALEK (Novartis) Inj 80mg: Per amp; gentamicin sulphate 80mg(2ml amp) • GENTAMED (Munawar Pharma) Inj 80mg: Per amp; gentamicin sulphate 80mg(2ml amp) • GENTIC (Bosch) Inj: of 10mg/20mg/40mg/80mg/160mg are available.
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- 4. Reckitt Benckiser PakistanLtd: Owned By: Reckitt Benckiser Group PLC Y.E.O: 1958 Type: Manufacturers Specialization: Household, Consumer and Pharmaceutical Products Chief Executive: Ali Ahmed Khan
- 5. • Aminoglycoside • Anti-infective •Protein synthesis inhibtors
- 6. • Paediatric inj: Gentamycin (as sulphate) 10mg/ml; 2ml vial • Inj : Gentamycin (as sulphate) 40mg/ml; 1ml & 2ml amp.
- 7. • Abnormal codon- Anticodon leads to misreading of the message. • Gentamycin inhibit protein synthesis of bacteria. Susceptible organisms have an oxygen dependent system that transport the antibiotic across the cell membrane. The antibiotic then binds to the separated 30S ribosomal subunit, interfering with the assembly of the functional ribosomal apparatus or causing the 30S subunit of the complete ribosome to misread the genetic code. Polysomes become depleted because gentamycin interrupt the process of polysome disaggregation and assembly.
- 8. • Serious gentamicinsensitive infections. • UTI • Tularemia • Infections due to Enterococci • Infections due to Pseudomonas aeroginosa
- 9. • Adults : upto 5mg/kg IM or IV daily in three divided doses for 7- 10 days. • Children : -up to 2 weeks, 3mg/kg 12 hourly -0ver 2 weeks, 2mg/kg 8 hourly -Both IM or IV for 7-10 days
- 10. Contra-ind : Pregnancy Precautions: Myasthenia gravis,Parkinsonism. Monitor serum levels as over 10 micrograms/ml can cause vascular toxicity and renal impairment. Interactions: Neuromascular blocking drugs, anesthetic, ethacrynic acid and frusemide.
- 11. • Ototoxicity • Nephrotoxicity •Neuromascular paralysis • Allergic reactions
- 12. • Store inair-tight containers. • The potency of gentamicin sulphate is lost in plastic disposable syringes and a brown precipitate is formed. • Storage in glass disposable syringes should not exceed 30 days
- 14. • ORBENIN (GSK) Caps250mg: cloxacillin (as sodium salt) 250mg. Inj 250mg: cloxacillin 250mg; vial Syp: Per 5ml: cloxacillin 125mg; after reconstitution as per dir. • AUROPEN CIRIN PHARMACEUTICALS (PVT) LTD. • CLOXALITE ELITE PHARMA • CLOXAZAN ZAFA PHARMACEUTICAL LABORATORIES (PVT) • CLOXIN WILSONS PHARMACEUTICALS • VENAL GEOFMAN PHARMACEUTICALS
- 15. • AMPICLOX (GSK) Caps250mg:Ampicillin 125mg, cloxacillin 125mg Drops Neonatal:per 0.6ml:ampicillin 60mg, cloxacillin 30mg Inj 250mg/500mg:ampicillin 125mg/250mg,cloxacillin 125mg/250mg.syp:Per 5ml,ampicillin 125mg,cloxacillin 125mg • PECLOX (Lowitt) Susp:Per 5ml; ampicillin 125mg,cloxacillin 125mg Inj 500mg: ampicillin 250mg, cloxacillin 250mg
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- 18. • Caps 250mg: cloxacillin(as sulphate) 250mg • Inj 250mg: cloxacillin 250mg ; vial • Syrup : per 5ml: cloxacillin (as sulphate) 125mg; after reconstitution as per direction mentioned on the pack
- 19. GlaxoSmithKline Pakistan Limited: GlaxoSmithKlinePakistan Limited was created January 1st, 2001 through the merger of SmithKline and French of Pakistan Limited, Beecham Pakistan (Private) Limited and Glaxo Wellcome (Pakistan) Limited- standing today as the largest pharmaceutical company in Pakistan. As an industry leader they are committed to mission of providing patients quality products to help improve their lives
- 20. • Exerts bactericidalactivity via inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding one or more • of the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Exerts bacterial autolytic effect by inhibition of certain • PBPs related to the activation of a bacterial autolytic process.
- 21. • Bacterial infections •Respiratory tract infections • Septicaemia • Soft tissue infections • Bone and joint infection • Endocarditis • Skin infections • Meningitis associated with spina bifida • Enterocolitis • Cystitis
- 22. • Caps/Syp: Adults: 500mgsix hourly. Children: Under 2 years; quarter adult dose. Over 2 years; half adult dose • Injection: Adults: 250mg IM four to six hourly Children: Under 2 years; quarter adult dose. Over 2 years; half adult dose.
- 23. • Hematologic: neutropenia,inhibition of platelet aggregation • CNS: seizures • Hepatic: transient increases in transaminases • Other: Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction (fever, chills, sweating, tachycardia, hyperventilation, flushing, and myalgia)
- 24. • Contraindications: Anaphylaxis tocloxacillin or other penicillins • Precautions: Cephalosporin hypersensitivity • Drug Interactions: Contraceptives - decreased contraceptive effectiveness Live Typhoid Vaccine - decreased immunological response to the typhoid vaccine Probenecid - increased cloxacillin levels Warfarin - decreased anticoagulant effectiveness
- 25. • Preserve intight containers • Store at temperature not exceeding 25°C