GEO POLITICAL, GEO GRAPHICAL IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTAN

PAK STUDY
Topic
GEO POLITICAL, GEO GRAPHICAL
IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTAN

Geography of Pakistan
 Land of plains ,mountains rages,deserts,costal belt.
 Situated in Asia.
 24N to 37N latitude and 60E to 75.5elongitude.
Borders:
 Radcliffe line:
2912 km long border with India in south east of Pakistan.
 Connects eastern Punjab to Rajasthan.
 Whaga border,
 Ghanda sigh

Borders:
 Sino Pak border:
523 km long border with china in north east
Of Pakistan.
Connects Sinkiang territory to Ghilgit baltistan.
 Durand line:
2640 km long with Afghanistan in the west of Pakistan
 Pak Iran barrier:
909 km long with Iran in the south west of Pakistan.
 Arabian sea:
1049 km long coast line in the south of Pakistan.

Introduction to Geographical Importance
‘’Geographical attributes of a state bring it both, some opportunities to avail and some risks to evade
.When a state learns how to exploit its geography to the best of its political,economic,strategic interests
,the study which comes in shape is called geostrategic and geopolitics’’
Pakistan:
 Availed opportunities from its geography.
 countless material benefits.
 Gateway to central Asia.
 Suitable route of access of World powers into land-locked Afghanistan.
 suffered side effects of the ‘New Great Game’ and ‘Global War on terrorism’

Importance of Borders
 South Eastern (India)
can be utilized as a trade route.
 Northeast border (china)
route for access of Chinese products in Pakistan.
Ready to bring million dollar investment through CPEC
 South western(Iran)
oil-rich country/gas pipeline(TAPI)
 Southern coast line
backbone of imports and exports.
Gawadar port, concerning its proximity to gulf states.

Pakistan’s value on the map
 Situated in a region of high grandness due to its political, economic, strategic position.
 Importance for USA, Britain, USSR.
- Soviet cold war
- US war against terrorism.
 Hub of activities of great powers for last 20 years.
 Intervention of 3 great powers (USA,China,USSR)
 Its significance increased after becoming the ally of US policy of containment of USSR.
 Ally of china.
 Junction of south Asia, west Asia, and central Asia; a way from resource efficient countries to
resource deficient countries.

 What does it means?
-Location of Pakistan.
-Stephen Cohn:
“while history has been unkind to Pakistan, its geography
has been its greatest benefit. It has resource which area in the
north west, people which in the north east”.
-It has been the hub of great activities for the last two decades.
-Pakistan is a junction.

 PROXIMITY OF GREAT POWERS
-Pakistan is located at the junction of great
powers i.e. : China and Russia.
-Alliance among world powers enhances
its significance.
-Preemption policy in today’s political scenario.
Thought of Americans in war against terrorism.

 GATEWAY TO CENTRAL ASIA
- Central Asia is the center stage of new great games.
- Western needs for resources.
- After decline of USSR (politics of oil).
- Pakistan is close to middle eastern countries.
- Pak influences shipment of oil.
-Iran is struggling to export its surplus to eastern countries.
-Pakistan is located in the hub of energy rich countries.

IMPORTANT LINK IN THE CHAIN OF MUSLIM
COUNTRIES
-In map of Muslim countries,
Pakistan occupies central location.
-Thus, it can actively participate
in the activities of Muslim world
economic development and transport of resources.

CPEC:
 Coast 46 million dollars but present coast is 62 dollars
 Network of roads-connect Chinese city kashagar with gulf state via Gawadar
of Pakistan.
 CPEC-foreign policy
 Simulate economic development

Continue…
 Shortest ROUTE for china in middle
eastern.
 Trade route

Gawadar Port:
 Warm water seaport.
 Operated by Chinese company
“china overseas port holding country” under 43 years agreed lease.
 Soul of CPEC
 Nearest sea route for central Asia
 Situated on the shore of Arabian sea
Away from Karachi 533km
Away from Oman 380km
 It has strategic and economic significance for Pakistan
 it is 3rd largest important sea port of Pakistan

Persian Gulf:
 Gawadar port provides access to “gulf of Oman” which extends via “strait of Hormuz” to form
Persian gulf.
 Persian gulf surrounded by Iran, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait and Iraq.
 World’s largest natural gas reservoir
 Easy access to those countries which are rich in energy reservoirs.

TAPI
 TAPI stands for
Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-
Pakistan-India pipeline
 It supplies natural gas
from “Caspian sea” to the
four countries
(Turkmenistan-
Afghanistan-Pakistan-India)
 Constructed in December
2015 and it will be
functional by 2019.

Iran Pakistan Gas Pipeline
 Also known as “Peace Pipeline”.
 Pipeline project was formally inaugurated
in 2013, but it’s far from being operational
due to several controversies
 Anti-Iran stance of USA influenced Pakistan to abandon project.
 Things, however, have changed after US-Iran nuclear deal

Pakistan shares Marine Border with Oman
 Pakistan and Oman settled their maritime under an agreement in 2000, adhering to international
law of sea
 Pakistan's geographical importance is in the sense of access to Oman's under sea energy
resources

Indo Pak Neighborhood
 Ups and downs in INDO-PAK relations after Pakistan came into being.
 The clashes started on the time of insulation.
CLASHES
 Muslim majority areas allotted to India
 Military action in 1948

WARS
 1965:Sep 1965-India attacked on Pakistan, imposed warfare.
 role of United Nations in ending the war.
 1971:Anti- government movements in East Pakistan for separation .
 India supported east Pakistan, Pakistan divided.

Bone of content
 Kashmir:
bone of content between two states.
 At the time of division, Kashmir was a Muslim state with a non-Muslim ruler.
 Pakistan stood against the injustice and started movement for freedom.
 half of the state was as taken back by freedom fighters.
 Solution:
 A free and impartial referendum under the supervision of the United Nation

Pak Iran Brotherhood
 Very first country to accept Pakistan as newly born Muslim country.
 Pakistan warmly welcomed the Islamic revolution in Iran in 1979.
 Pakistan ‘s role for stopping the prolonged Gulf war .
 Pakistan and Iran are in strong trading ties.
 In 2005 ,Iran and Pakistan had conducted US$500 million of trade.

China Pak Brotherhood
 Very close to each other.
 Strong relations from 1949.
 Both support each other in all aspects.
 Pakistan help for being the member of United Nations.
 China’s help during 1965 and 1971 wars .
 Karakoram highway.

Pak Afghan Ties
 Durand line.
 Pakistan help Afghanistan when he is in state of war for several decades.
 Pakistan’s role for establishing the peace in Afghanistan.
 During Soviet cold war, Pakistan helped afghan government to get rid from USSR.
 Pakistan’s help through refuges.

Arabian Sea
 Pakistan share one of its border
with Arabian Sea which is of
high importance .
 Important role in the economy of
state.
 Pakistan makes its level best
merchandizes through water.

Pak-US relation
 Pak-US relation remained on a mixed note during her tenures
 Wanted friendly muhajideen regime in Afghanistan
 SEATO in 1955 was signed with America Britain. It is also called Manila pact
 CENTO in 1955 was signed
 Helped Pakistan in education sector
 Helped Pakistan during Afghan wars(1979-86)

Continue…
 Pakistan supported America after 9/11
 US AID for Pakistan
 Pressurizing Pakistan not to develop its nuclear project
 Insisting Pakistan not to conduct “nuclear test ”
 Threating Pakistan to declare as terrorist state

Pak-Bangladesh
 Pakistan was hostile to Bangladesh in early 1970s
 War of 1971 and poor relation
 Pakistan refused to recognized Bangladesh as a country till 1974
 Disagreement over asset made good relation difficult
 Relations improved after 1976
 Agreement made on tourism, culture and trade
 Bangladesh attended OIC in 1974
 Helped in difficult times(floods)

Pak-Russia relations
 In 1947, USA and USSR both invited Pakistan at a same time to visit them
But Pakistan refused USSR and visited USA
 In 1950, USSR helped India in dispute about Kashmir and also give economical help
to India
 In 1956, USSR offered Pakistan Government
aid at an agreement of breaking alliance
with USA, but Pakistan refused

Conti…
 1960- a spy plane from USA base in Peshawar flew to USSR which was shot down
there. Pakistan was blamed for sending plane
 1979- Pakistan was helping Afghanistan with an aid from USA

 CONCLUSION
- Pakistan is a route for transportation and a front line state against terrorism.
- Ally of emerging economic giant, China.
- China-Pakistan economic Corridor project will help infrastructure, economy and
stimulate Pakistan’s economy and create millions of badly needed jobs.

GEO POLITICAL, GEO GRAPHICAL IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTAN

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