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Geo visualization_why maps
This document discusses geovisualization and maps. It begins by defining key concepts like cartography, geographic data, and how maps represent reality through models. Maps are described as useful because they make invisible patterns and relationships visible. The document then discusses different types of maps, like paper maps, on-screen maps, and web maps, and how they disseminate geographic data. It explores trends in maps, like neogeography and user-generated content. Finally, it discusses using maps to both present and explore data, as well as areas of future research like user studies.
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Geo visualization_why maps
- 1. Geovisualization S.M.J.S.Samarasinghe Superintendent of Surveys Instituteof Surveying and Mapping Diyatalawa- Sri Lanka Email: [email protected] Why Maps ?
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- 3. Cartography Geographicdata and maps Why maps? Maps and reality Landscape and cartographic model Present and explore Trends Maps-introduction
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- 6. • How do➡cartographic method technique • I ➡cartographer / map maker • say ➡symbols / semantics • what ➡geographic data • to whom ➡audience / purpose • and is it effective ➡does it work? Visualization process
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- 9. Large amountsof geodata are collected. Some users process raw data, but many rely on data products to extract useful geo-information. In data products, the raw data can be converted, harmonized, classified, modeled and stored in a data base, analyzed, visualized…. The demand for geo-information is still increasing Geographic data
- 10. Data / geoinformation Complexsituation in?......
- 11. How do producersdisseminate geospatial data (i.e. how do they bring the data to the users)? in digital format by means of spoken / written language by means of numbers (e.g. in tables) by means of RS imagery by means of video by means of 3D / Virtual Reality imagery by means of maps or map displays Dissemination and use of geo-data
- 12. Advantages: - Good graphicalquality / high resolution - High information density / level of detail - Large formats possible / overview - No need of equipment (e.g. pc or tablet) Disadvantages: - Static - Fixed scale - Physical boundaries to area portrayed - No adjustment to individual demands Paper maps
- 13. Advantages: - Adjustable toindividual needs - Links to additional info (multi-media) - Panning and zooming - Seemless - Possibly dynamic (animations) Disadvantages: - Low screen and colour resolution - Output conditions vary - Limited display size / overview - Equipment required / portability On screen maps
- 14. Access - internet access -accessibility for everyone? Medium - problems related to computer - no control over final appearance - speed of data transfer Content - finding web maps and geodata - language Web maps
- 15. 321 definitions ofa map?
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- 17. How to getknowlegde about our environment? walk around secondary sources (maps / movies, stories etc) Need for abstraction/ models > maps Why maps?
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- 19. Maps areabstractions or models of reality, in which geographic space is represented by map space. The spatial layout of maps enable users to see: - patterns - relationships - trends Why maps?
- 20. Make invisiblethings visible Why maps?
- 21. Snow’s map: cholera& water pumps
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- 23. • Elementary - referringto a single location / object • Intermediate - referring to a region or group of similar objects • Overall - referring to (overview of) all aspects in the area Maps address geographical questions of different levels of complexity
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- 39. Reality: different views:different maps
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- 48. Understanding how itis mapped
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- 50. Digital landscape model- Digital cartographic model
- 51. • Digital LandscapeModel (DLM): - contains a selection from the real world - stores geometry (points, lines, areas, volumes, raster) - stores attributes (linked to geometry) - stores time (linked to geometry) • • Digital Cartographic Model (DCM) - one or more visualization(s) of the DLM - visualizations are tuned to: the use goals, users, - use environments, representation scales, etc.. - also stores graphic attributes (line type, colour, etc) DLM to DCM: from reality to maps
- 52. DLM - DCMat work
- 53. A little historyof cartography
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- 56. Start: facts to bepresented are fixed. Process: choice of appropriate visualization technique. Result: the single best map. Emphasize: on map design. Maps to present
- 57. Start: data without hypothesis aboutthe data. Process: interactive, undirected search for structures and trends. Result: visualization that provides hypothesis, different alternative views. Emphasize: enabling ‘discoveries’. Maps to explore
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- 61. We no longerlook at the map to see where we are... .....But, we tell the map where we are, and the map shapes itself around us. Problem? a world of change
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- 63. Neogeography combines thecomplex techniques of cartography and GIS and places them within reach of users and developers. Neogeography ? Neogeography Neogeography (literally "new geography") is the use of geographical techniques and tools for personal and community activities or by a non- expert group of users. Application domains of neogeography are typically not formal or analytical.
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- 66. Geovisual analytics environment: coordinatedmultiple views .
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- 68. Sensor Web: Realtime water levels .
- 69. ... is aboutpeople using and creating their own maps, on their own terms and by combining elements of an existing toolset. VGI • Citizen science • UGGC Neogeography / community mapping .
- 70. Mash-up: scale /background / symbology? .
- 71. A mashup, inweb development, is a web page, or web application, that uses content from more than one source to create a single new service displayed in a single graphical interface. The main characteristics of a mashup are combination, visualization, and aggregation. It is important to make existing data more useful, for personal and professional use. To be able to permanently access the data of other services, mashups are generally client applications or hosted online. Mash-up?
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- 73. Growing interestand importance. Broadening of scope: from map use research to user research in geoinformation processing and dissemination. Not just usability evaluation but user-centred design(UCD). Use, user and usability research
- 74. In caseof hard copy maps: as wall map, on the desk top, in the field, …. in case of on screen maps: on the desk top, on handheld mobile devices stand-alone or network application (e.g. Internet) hard- and software available, interfaces use at one place or distributed collaboration … Use contexts: e.g. map use environments
- 75. World WideWeb Web maps, WMS, distributed GIS, GDI’s Mobile & wireless devices Smartphones, PDA’s, Pocket PC’s with location aware applications (LBS). small screens low resolution few colours small data files New User environments .
- 76. Qualitative Quantitative Interviews Focus groups Thinking aloud Questionnaires Performance analysis fMRI scanning Eye movement registration ….. Research methods and techniques .
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