Getting Started with C++
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The document is a presentation on getting started with C++ by Michael P. Redlich, covering its definition, evolution, features, and object-oriented programming principles. It includes information on C++ classes, inheritance, memory management, and popular compilers, along with live demos and resources for further learning. Upcoming events and further reading materials are also mentioned.
![Operator new (2)
int *var = new int; // int();
Sports *sports = new Sports();
// initializes an array of pointers
to type int
int *var = new int[10]
26](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gettingstartedwithc-180318221834/85/Getting-Started-with-C-26-320.jpg)
![Operator delete (2)
int *var = new int;
delete var;
int *var = new int[10]
delete[] var;
28](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gettingstartedwithc-180318221834/85/Getting-Started-with-C-28-320.jpg)
Getting Started with C++
- 1. 1 Getting Started with C++ Trenton Computer Festival March 17, 2018 Michael P. Redlich @mpredli about.me/mpredli/
- 2. Who’s Mike? • BS in CS from • “Petrochemical Research Organization” • Java Queue News Editor, InfoQ • Ai-Logix, Inc. (now AudioCodes) • Amateur Computer Group of New Jersey 2
- 3. Objectives (1) • What is C++? • Evolution of C++ • Features of C++ • Review of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) 3
- 4. Objectives (2) • Getting Started with C++ • introduction to the C++ class mechanism • how to implement C++ classes • Live Demos (yea!) • C++ Resources 4
- 5. What is C++? • “...a general purpose programming language with a bias towards systems programming that • is a better C, • supports data abstraction, • supports object-oriented programming, • supports generic programming.” Bjarne Stroustrup Web Site, http://www.stroustrup.com/C++.html 5
- 6. Evolution of C++ (1) • Created by Bjarne Stroustrup • AT&T Labs • 1980 - originally named “C with Classes” • 1983 - redesigned and renamed to C++ • 1985 - available to the public 6
- 7. Evolution of C++ (2) • 1989 - further extensions added • templates and exception handling • 1998 - C++ standardized 7
- 8. Features of C++ • Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Language • Pass-by-Reference • Operator Overloading • Generic Programming • Exception Handling • Namespaces • Default Arguments 8
- 9. OOP Review (1) • Programming Paradigm • Four (4) Main Attributes • data encapsulation • data abstraction • inheritance • polymorphism 9
- 10. OOP Review (2) • Abstract Data Type (ADT) • user-defined data type • use of objects through functions (methods) without knowing the internal representation 10
- 11. OOP Review (3) • Interface • functions (methods) provided in the ADT that allow access to data • Implementation • underlying data structure(s) and business logic within the ADT 11
- 12. OOP Review (4) • Class • Defines a model • Declares attributes • Declares behavior • Is an ADT • Object • Is an instance of a class • Has state • Has behavior • May have many unique objects of the same class 12
- 13. Advantages of OOP • Interface can (and should) remain unchanged when improving implementation • Encourages modularity in application development • Better maintainability of code • Code reuse • Emphasis on what, not how 13
- 14. Some C++ Keywords • class • new, delete • private, protected, public • try, throw, catch • friend • explicit • virtual • bool • inline 14
- 15. Classes (1) • A user-defined abstract data type • Extension of C structs • Contain: • constructor • destructor • data members and member functions (methods) 15
- 16. Classes (2) • Static/Dynamic object instantiation • Multiple Constructors: • Sports(void); • Sports(char *,int,int); • Sports(float,char *,int); 16
- 17. Classes (3) • Class scope: • scope resolution operator(::) • Abstract Classes • contain at least one pure virtual member function (C++) • contain at least one abstract method (Java) 17
- 18. Abstract Classes • Pure virtual member function (C++) • virtual void draw() = 0; • Abstract method (Java) • public abstract void draw(); 18
- 20. 20 // Sports class (partial listing) class Sports { private: char *team; int win; public: Sports(void); Sports(char const *,int,int); ~Sports(void); // destructor int getWin() const; }; Sports::Sports(void) { // define default constructor here... } Sports::Sports(const char *team,int win,int loss) { // define primary constructor here... } int Sports::getWin() const { return win; }
- 21. 21 // Baseball class (partial listing) class Baseball : public Sports { public: Baseball(void); Baseball(char const *,int,int); ~Baseball(void); }; Baseball::Baseball(void) : Sports() { } Baseball::Baseball(const char *team,int win,int loss) : Sports(team,win,loss) { } inline Baseball::~Baseball(void) { }
- 22. Static Instantiation • Object creation: • Baseball mets(“Mets”,97,65); • Access to public member functions: • mets.getWin(); // returns 97 22
- 23. Dynamic Instantiation • Object creation: • Baseball *mets = new Baseball(“Mets”,97,65); • Access to public member functions: • mets->getWin(); // returns 97 23
- 24. Deleting Objects Baseball mets(“Mets”,97,65); // object deleted when out of scope Baseball *mets = new Baseball(“Mets”,97,65); delete mets; // required call 24
- 25. Operator new (1) • Allocates memory on the free store (heap) • Memory size is calculated by the compiler • No more casting • Automatic call to the constructor • Used for built-in and user-defined data types 25
- 26. Operator new (2) int *var = new int; // int(); Sports *sports = new Sports(); // initializes an array of pointers to type int int *var = new int[10] 26
- 27. Operator delete (1) • Deallocates memory on the free store (heap) • Automatic call to the destructor • Must be used according to how operator new was used 27
- 28. Operator delete (2) int *var = new int; delete var; int *var = new int[10] delete[] var; 28
- 29. Inline Member Functions (1) • Used for short functions (≤ 5 statements) • Purpose: • speed • Good candidates for inline member functions are those that access data members 29
- 30. Inline Member Functions (2) • Explicit Use: • use keyword inline in the definition of member function • Implicit Use: • define the member function within its declaration without using the keyword inline 30
- 31. Live Demo! 31
- 32. Popular C++ Compilers 32 • Embarcadero C++ Builder XE7 • embarcadero.com/products/cbuilder • MicrosoftVisual C++ • microsoft.com • Intel System Studio • software.intel.com/en-us/c- compilers
- 33. Popular C++ Compilers 33 • Open Watcom 1.9 (June 2010) • openwatcom.org
- 34. Local C++ User Groups • ACGNJ C++ Users Group • facilitated by Bruce Arnold • acgnj.barnold.us 34
- 35. Further Reading (1) 35 • C & C++ Code Capsules • Chuck Allison • freshsources.com • The C++ Programming Language • Bjarne Stroustrup • stroustrup.com/4th.html
- 36. Further Reading (2) 36 • The Annotated C++ Reference Manual • Margaret Ellis and Bjarne Stroustrup • stroustrup.com/arm.html • 1997 C++ Public Review Document • C++ ISO JTC1/SC22/WG21 Committee • open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/open/n2356
- 37. Upcoming Events • ACGNJ Java Users Group • Dr. Venkat Subramaniam • Monday, March 19, 2018 • DorothyYoung Center for the Arts, Room 106 • Drew University • 7:30-9:00pm • “Twelve Ways to Make Code Suck Less” 37
- 39. Upcoming Events • March 17-18, 2017 •tcf-nj.org • April 18-19, 2017 •phillyemergingtech.com 39