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GettingKnowTo ArcGIS10x
This document provides an introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It defines GIS as a computer system capable of assembling, sorting, manipulating, analyzing and displaying geographically referenced information. The document outlines the basic concepts of GIS including linking location to attribute data to visualize patterns and relationships. It describes some common uses of GIS in emergency services, environmental monitoring, business, industry, government and education. The document also provides an overview of ArcGIS, describing the ArcCatalog interface for organizing data, shapefiles for vector data, coordinate systems, attributes, the ArcMap interface for displaying data and performing analysis, and exporting maps. It concludes with instructions for hands-on exercises to become more familiar with GIS concepts and software.
GettingKnowTo ArcGIS10x
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- 2. Goal • Answer thequestion: “What is a GIS?” • Learn Some of the basic terminology used in GIS • Become familiar with the general operation and application of a GIS • See some of the analyses performed in a GIS
- 3. What is aGIS? • A GIS is a computer system capable of assembling, sorting, manipulating, analyzing and displaying geographically referenced information • GIS also includes operating personnel and data that go into the system
- 4. GIS – BasicConcept A Geographic Information System (GIS) links location and attribute information and enables a person to visualize patterns, relationships, and trends. Map Where Things Are – find places, see patterns Map Quantities – find places that meet criteria Map Densities – measure the # of features per area Find What’s Inside – monitor what’s happening, take action Find What’s Nearby – help find what’s going on Map Change – anticipate future conditions, make decisions
- 5. Some Ways GISis Used Emergency Services • Fire and Police Environmental • Monitoring and Modeling Business • Site Location, Delivery Systems Industry • Transportation, Communication, Mining, Pipelines, Healthcare Government • Local, State, Federal, Military Education • Research, Teaching Tool, Administration
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- 7. ArcGIS Basics -Overview • ArcCatalog – Connecting to Folders – Types of Data • Raster and Vector – Creating Shapefiles • Points, Lines and Polygons – Coordinate Systems • Geographic and Projected – Data Attributes • ArcMap – Navigating the User Interface • Windows and Toolbars – Adding Data • Symbols and Labels – Layout View • Map Elements and Exporting – Saving Project Files
- 8. ArcCatalog • An applicationthat provides a catalog window to organize and manage types of geographic data for ArcGIS software. • Types of data – Geodatabases – Raster files – Layer files – Map documents – And much more
- 9. Interface Content panel Right-click an itemto view short cut menu Catalog tree view
- 10. Connecting to Folders Clickhere Organize your GIS data into workspace folders Folder connections allow ArcGIS to access that GIS data
- 11. Types of Data 1.Raster data: Continuous surface- Elevation 2. Vector data:- discrete objects (road, building..) • Raster data • “Pixels” • A location and value • Satellite images and aerial photos are already in this format File types: •.jpg2, .png, .tif, grid
- 12. Types of Data •Vector –“Features” –Digital representations of real world objects, areas, boundaries, etc. –Shapefiles and Coverages Points Polygons Polylines (Lines)
- 13. Creating Shapefiles Can beaccessed in the File tab or right clicking in a folder in the contents tab under the Can be accessed in the File tab or right clicking in a folder in the contents tab under the “New” tab
- 14. Creating Shapefiles Name: thename of the shapefile. Do not use spaces when naming, use underscores. Feature Type: Assign the shapefile as a point, line, or polygon. Spatial Reference: Input the Coordinate System the shapefile will be in Name: the name of the shapefile. Do not use spaces when naming, use underscores. Feature Type: Assign the shapefile as a point, line, or polygon. Spatial Reference: Input the Coordinate System the shapefile will be in Name: the name of the shapefile. Do not use spaces when naming, use underscores. Feature Type: Assign the shapefile as a point, line, or polygon. Spatial Reference: Input the Coordinate System the shapefile will be in
- 15. Coordinate Systems • AGeographic coordinate system is a method to describe the position on the earth’s surface in 3-D using latitude and longitude. • Latitude and longitude are the measures of angles (in degrees) from the center of the earth. • Longitude lines range from - 180 to +180° • Latitude lines range from -90 to +90° • World Geodetic System (WGS 84) is the standard system in use
- 16. Coordinate Systems • AProjected coordinate system is based on a 2-D representation of a geographic coordinate system. • Has constant lengths, angles, and areas across two dimensions. • Locations are identified by an (x,y) coordinate on a grid. • Advantages: Allows the measurement of length and areas within ArcMap Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) divides the earth into sixty zones We are in Zone 14
- 17. Data Attributes • Right-clickingon an item will bring up the shortcut menu. • Properties are accessed here. • Fields describe the content and how the data in it should be displayed.
- 18. Data Attribute Types •Numbers – Non-fractional values • Short Integer – -32,768 to 32,767 • Long Integer – -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 – Fractional values • Float – Up to 6 digits • Double – Up to 15 digits • Text • Date – mm/dd/yyyy hh:mm:ss • Choose the proper data type to save space and improve performance.
- 19. ArcMap • Central Applicationused in ArcGIS. • Used to display and explore GIS datasets for your study area, assign symbols, and create map layouts for printing or publication. • ArcMap represents information as a collection of layers and other elements in a map. • Print maps, edit GIS datasets, and perform several geoprocessing tools to automate work and perform analysis.
- 20. Interface Main Menu Standardtoolbar Table of contents Data view Catalog WindowData view Layout view
- 21. Adding Data Folder selection (dropdown menu) One level Up Connect to Folder Add data button On click
- 22. Layers and Symbols dataframe. “Layers” is the default name. The list of the map layers shows the drawing order, with the layers on top overlapping the ones below The Symbols are graphic elements used in the map display. Markers used to display point locations Lines to display linear features and boundaries Fill symbols to fill polygons Text symbols The Checkboxes toggle the display on and off The Symbols are graphic elements used in the map display. Markers used to display point locations Lines to display linear features and boundaries Fill symbols to fill polygons Text symbols The Symbols are graphic elements used in the map display. Markers used to display point locations Lines to display linear features and boundaries Fill symbols to fill polygons Text symbols
- 23. Layout View Map Elements Title Thelegend is derived from the layer properties. Layout View Toolbox
- 24. Exporting your Map Clickon File and choose Export Map Find the appropriate location Choose save as type (e.g. JPEG) Choose output resolution Provide appropriate filename
- 25. Saving your mapdocument • Saving a map document saves the way the data is organized and represented on the map. • When transferring computers or sharing, be sure to also transfer the files used in the map document.
- 27. Hands on exercise •See Introduction_GIS>IntroToGIS> Instructions (there are four different exercises) • Follow the Instructions: • Exercise 1 (20 min) • Exercise 2 (20 min) • Exercise 3 (40 min) • Exercise 4 (25 min)