This document discusses cloud and open source GIS. It highlights benefits like automated change management, flexible digital delivery, and data accuracy improvement. Open source is important because it allows for group collaboration, crowd sourcing, and benefits from many eyeballs finding bugs. Open source is now widely used including by 90% of supercomputers, 60% of internet servers, and 30% of smartphones. The cloud provides scalability and hosting for GIS applications and has enabled enterprise mapping, open data standards, and greater spatial analysis and adoption of GIS. While government has been slow to change, cloud and open source can help make government more transparent, efficient and user-oriented. There are still issues to address regarding data protection, security, standards