GIS-WaterSector (1).pptx
- 1. GIS is a technological field that incorporates geographical features with tabular data in order to map, analyze, and assess real-world problems. Remote sensing is the process of detecting and monitoring the physical characteristics of an area by measuring its reflected and emitted radiation at a distance (typically from satellite or aircraft). Remote sensed imagery is integrated within a GIS
- 2. Application of GIS • Urban Planning • Rural Planning • Water • Land Management • Disaster Management • Utility Mapping • Navigation etc.
- 3. Application of GIS in Water Sector Why ? Using GIS through RS. RS : • Allows rapid assessment of large areas, and selection of subsets for detailed analyses • Water has distinctive spectral properties; water absorbs radiation – in infrared imagery, water appears black • Water quality can also be picked up from remote sensing.
- 4. Application of GIS in Hydrology GIS Input for : • River Basin Planning/ Modelling • Command Area Management • Storm Water Management Plan • Flood Inundation Study • Rainwater Harvesting and Artificial Recharge • Flood Forecasting • Disaster Early Warning • Watershed Management • Groundwater Assessment • Water Quality Assessment
- 5. Mapping of Features for Planning through GIS
- 6. Application of GIS in Hydrology • Catchment Delineation • Extraction of Streams • Delineation of surface water bodies
- 7. Major GIS Input used in Hydrolgy : • Basin & Sub basin (delineated from DEM), Streams, (captured through images or delineated from DEM) • Land-use/Land-cover Data • Rainfall (spatial distribution through radar satellites) • Soil moisture and its spatial distribution for estimation of crop water use and irrigation requirement • Reservoir water spread through multi-temporal images • Spread of habitation in village/ urban sprawl over time (to assess growth of domestic and municipal water demand over the past and prepare estimates for the future) • Spread of industrial area to corroborate with information on growth pattern of industries, for better estimation of future industrial water demand • Estimation of snow water melt (through spatial coverage of snow bound area and temperature)
- 8. Application of GIS in Water Utility • Water Supply Design • Sewerage Design • Drainage Design FOR: • Development of hydraulic models, • Creation of thematic maps of the model output results, • Network simplification (skeletonization) for hydraulic modeling, • Estimation of node demands, estimation of node elevations
- 9. Application of GIS in Watershed Management • Terrain Modelling • Creation of DEMs, • Automated watershed extraction from topography, • Flow determination – direction and accumulation , • Stream-ordering
- 10. Application of GIS in Flood Management For * Flood plain delineation * Channel characteristics * Inundation modeling * Infrastructure analysis * Risk modeling and mitigation
- 11. Application GIS in Groundwater Assessment: • Remote sensing can be used to collect information about terrain geology and geomorphology, crucial for estimation of groundwater potential • Lineaments, cracks and fissures and their crossings that are extremely useful for locating wells in hard rock terrain are seldom visible on ground but easily demarcated on satellite images
- 12. Application of GIS in Irrigation Command Area management • Estimation of crop acreage • Crop production • preparation of “irrigability maps” through land use planning.
- 13. Application GIS in Quality analysis of water : • Satellite imageries have been used successfully in determination of various water quality parameters like Total Suspended Solids, turbidity, chlorophyll content, colour, temperature etc. By Remote Sensing • Use of GPS for location & photographic tiepoints
- 14. The latest RS technologies applied in Water Sector include: • 3D surface model analysis • Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) video image classification • Ground penetration radar for soil moisture estimation • The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite rainfall measurements • Storm hyetography analysis • Rainfall runoff and urban flooding simulation • Satellite radar and optical image classification for urban water bodies and flooding inundation. The application of those technologies is expected to greatly relieve the pressures on water resources and allow better mitigation of and adaptation to the disastrous impact of droughts and flooding.
- 15. Thank You !