Global Inequality

Globalization:
“Process by which
goods, services,
capital, people,
information, and ideas
flow across national
borders.”
Characteristics of Globalization
Connectivity
Borderless Glob
Free Trade
Cultural Diversity
Mobility
Information
Technology Changes

Importance of Globalization:
Globalization is important
because it opens the doors of various fields of study. It broadens the
educational horizons for students.
Technology in the world today has made it easier for students to find
more in depth information that they are looking for to use for
educational purposes. Students can also learn more about other
countries because of the impact of globalization.

Technology tools to promote globalization :
Face-book
Twitter
Wiki spaces
Phones
Microsoft office
Web quest
Podcast
Email

Types of Globalization :
Economic
Social
Political
Cultural
Industrial
Religious
legal/ Ethical

Reasons For Globalization
Firm operate internationally for a number of reasons:
They make be seeking to secure better source of raw materials &
energy.
They may want to obtain access to low cost factor of production such
as labor.
They may be attracted to certain countries because of subsidies those
countries provide.
They may be seeking new markets for their products.
Domestic markets may no longer be able to absorb production at
minimum efficient scale.

Advantages of Globalization:
Advance in technology, for example, easier communication.
Advance in Science.
Increase of Business.
People can move easily ,it allows migration.
International organization help people easily and more quickly.
Big international companies provide more employment.

Disadvantages of Globalization:
Greater risk and danger of epidemic disease.
More difficulty for smaller companies to survive economically.
Greater probability of developed countries to start war.
Rich countries exploit poor countries.
Intense competition.

Benefits:
Increased world output
Increased consumer welfare
The role / responsibility of the Government
has reduced
Peace
Long run benefits for everyone

Costs:
 Inequalities
Spread of economic shock
Externalities
Exploitation
Poverty
Gob losses

Global Inequality:
“ It refers to the unequal distribution
of resources among individuals and groups
based on their position in the social
hierarchy (a series of ordered groupings of
people or things within a system.”
Inequality :
“the condition of being unequal; lack of
equality; disparity.”

Causes of Global Inequality:
Religion
 Gender Inequality ( Gender inequality around the world)
 Inequality in the workplace
Inequality in wealth and income
 Unemployment
Social inequalities
 Education
Poverty

Religion:
“A strong belief on super natural power or
power that control human destiny.”
Discrimination in Religion:
It is discrimination to treat you worse than someone else,
just because of your religion or belief. This is against the law.
e.g.
Refusing to work alongside with you just because you're Jewish.
 Refusing to join you when you eat at school just because you're Muslim.
Dismissing you from a group activity because you're Rastafarian.
 Refusing to allow you into an activity if you're wearing a hijab.

Gender Inequality :
“Gender inequality
refers to unequal treatment or
perceptions of individuals based on
their gender.”
Gender equality is still a huge issue
today, where male are considered
superior to female.
Women had to flight to vote, for equal
pay, and to have male dominant job, but
still have lower income, fewer
prestigious jobs , usually female
oriented college degrees , and are more
likely to live in poverty than men.

Inequality in the workplace
 Women are facing discrimination in
their income, unemployment and
occupational distribution.
 Women’s salaries average only 72-
88% to the men salaries.
 The ratio of women’s median annual
earning to men’s only rose from 60.7
in 1960 to 77.8 in 2008.

Inequality in the schools:
 Gender discrimination is very common in some countries.
People are very conservative and they don’t want their girls to
go to school and get education. Due to this, the ratio of boys
and girls in primary schools is 10:4.
 Poverty is another factor that prohibits the parents to send their
children to schools.
 Many girls have to work , or get married or live in rural
community where they are unable to get to schools.

Gender Inequality around
the world:
Limited Access to resources:
Women are responsible 60-80% of food production ,but have
limited access to resources ,such as land, credits and new
technologies.
Lack of Education:
Education and poverty reduction go hand in hand, progress is
being made, but there are still less girls in school or finishing
schools. This also has to do with living in rural areas.

Access to Healthcare:
Many women die in childbirth in the developing world and is usually
completely avoidable if proper healthcare are available. HIV/AIDS can
also be diminished with education and reduction of child marriages and
women slaves.
In the workplace:
Still more men than women in paid employment, business and politics.
Women work two-thirds of the world’s working hours and earn only
10% of the world’s income.
Gender Based Violence:
Gender based violence is one of the most socially tolerated abuse of
human right worldwide. It is contributor to poverty and ill-health and
prevent many women from reaching their potential.

Conclusion & Solution:
Much has to be done with our society and media and the injustice of
gender inequality. Girls and women are struggling for equal pay ,
positions, tittle , respect and still fighting certain communities for the right
over their own bodies.
Solution would be fostering healthy attitudes and ending discrimination
for a better social view on women.
Teaching our children and give value to girls and women and treat them
with respect. Abuse in any form for being female is not acceptable.
Education-literacy, every girl and women has a right to read and write and
be an active member of society.
Equal pay should be given to women depending on the performance and
work.

Global Inequalities in
income and wealth:
“Income inequality is the gape between
rich and poor. i.e. Is the difference in
the distribution of economic assets
(Wealth) and income within or between
population or individuals. It is rate of
an economy in which the shares of total
income earned by rich and poor are
highly unequal”.

Causes of Income Inequality:
.
 Labor market
outcomes
 Globalization
 Technological
changes
Trade liberalization
 Policy reforms
 More regressive
taxation
 Access to
education
 In market
economies
Changes in Taxation
 Gender pay gap
 Nepotism
 Wealth concentration
Racial Discrimination

Conclusion & solutions:
“It is technology that enables the economy to produce services and
especially consumer goods more cheaply and in greater quantity than ever
before, but clearly the current financial system is incapable of distributing
them, especially to the underclass and the unemployable.”
There are a number of issues that people need to keep in mind when
looking at average incomes: Aggregates tell you very little about the well-
being of individuals.
Be wary of analyses; they are often misleading and far too simplistic.
Aggregates are useful, but they can be misused.

Unemployment:
“People able ,available and wailing to find work and actively seeking work-
but not employed”
Employment is one of the major issue confronted by our youth today. Every
year many new graduate are added into the labor force but few of them get very
good job; some other get reasonable one but many keep on looking for jobs for
a long time .
Recently, the unemployment rate of Pakistan increased to 4.5%

Unemployment Rate in Pakistan averaged 5.45
percent from 1985 until 2014. The rate of male
unemployment is 7% % and female unemployment is 10
%.
You will find so many masters, graduates , engineers and
people of many profession being wasted due to
unemployment system in Pakistan.
Not only the educated people of Pakistan , but also the
labor class is also going through a rough phase and heir
daily life has become a living hell for them.

Conclusion & Solution:
Unemployment levels are increasing dramatically in many parts of the
world. The permanently unemployed have no income, and many choose
the alternative of income by crime.
 The very first solution for the unemployment is to control the rising
population of our country.
 The quality of Pakistan education should be improved.
 Government should encourage and develop the agriculture based
industries in rural areas so that the rural candidates don’t migrate to the
urban areas. More employment should be generated in rural areas for
the seasonal unemployment people.
 Government should allow more foreign companies to open their units
in Pakistan, so that more employment opportunities will be available.

Social Inequalities:
“It refers to a lack of social equality , where individuals in a
society do not have equal social status”.
Social Inequality Exist in Following Areas:
 Gender
 Age
 Race and Ethnicity
 Religion
 Kinship

Education:
“Education is the simple process of learning and knowing.”
Types of Education:
Formal Education
Informal Education
Importance of Education
“The foundation of every state is the education of its
youth”. Diogenes

Formal Education:
“Formal education is classroom-based, provided by trained
teachers.”
Informal Education:
“Informal education happens outside the classroom, in
after-school programs, community-based organizations,
museums, libraries, or at home.”
Education problems :
 Education System is based on Unequal Lines
Regional Disparity
Ratio of Gender Discrimination
 Lack of Technical Education
Funds
Untrained Teachers
Poverty

My Personal Views:
68 years have been passed since our independent, but we today are still
not able to differentiate that what is bad for us and what is good for us. We
sometime try to make a Muslim and sometime we follow the western style.
And this situation is not only in our daily routine works but we in the field of
education are not saved. We change the syllabus of our educational institutions
regularly and due to this we are going towards destroy the educational system
in Pakistan. We are not able to find out that what should be the language of
our syllabus yet. English language syllabus is mostly liked but as we know our
national language is Urdu not English. Why are we doing this? Why we do not
like our national language in syllabus. Children are facing so many problems
due to change of syllabus at the start of every new year and it is most
interesting factor that this new syllabus is equal to higher education level and
really difficult for innocent children to accept it or compromise with this.

It is really good step on the part of Government that the education on the
level of primary is totally free, for this government is providing free books
somewhere free uniform and others facilities but problem is that it is only
for limited cities like Lahore, Karachi, Islamabad etc. Moreover, we give
priority to boys over the girls for getting education but we are forgetting that
our beloved Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) not only stressed to get education
infect declared compulsory for man and woman as well. The literacy rate in
our country is going up and up day by day instead of decreasing.
Government of Pakistan should take some good steps in this field to
promote the Education in Pakistan. Government should increase budget
while announcing the annual budget.

Poverty:
“It is the lack of basic human needs ,such as clean water,
nutrition, health care, education, clothing and shelter, because of
the inability to afford them.”
Types of
Poverty:
 Absolute
Poverty
 Relative
Absolute
Poverty:
“ Lack of basic
human needs , like
clean water, nutrition
,health care,
education, clothing
and shelter.”
Relative
Poverty:
“The condition of having
fewer resources or lesser
income as compared to
others, within a society or a
country, or as compared to
worldwide averages.”

“
”
Causes of Poverty:
 Lack of Education
 Materialism
 Large Scale Import
 Division of Agricultural Land

Effects of Poverty:
 Bad Health
 Hunger and Pain
 Low life Expectancy
 Low Standard of Living
 Crime (Murder, Violence, Drug Abuse ,Theft, )

Conclusion:
Poverty is a national problem and it must be solved on a war footing.
The government is taking a number of steps to mitigate poverty.
Eradication of poverty would ensure a sustainable and inclusive
growth of economy and society. We all should do everything possible
and within our limits to help alleviate poverty from our country.
My Opinion: I strongly believe that reducing poverty requires a focus both on what
government needs to do and on what individuals need to do. We need a combination
of responsible policies and responsible behavior.
According to me:
 Farmers must get all facilities for irrigation.
 Family planning schemes should be introduced.
 Corruption must end. Our offices should work efficiently.
 More and more industries should be set up to meet the needs of our country.

Global Inequality

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Global Inequality