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Globalization report
- 1. GLOBALIZATIONA Presentation byYolandaTevesSobrepeñaWhat is Globalization?Process by which the people of the worldare unified into a single societyIntegration of national economies intothe international economy through trade,foreign direct investment, capital flows,migration, and spread of technology
- 3. QUESTIONS:1.Is globalization merelyharmful, or are there positive features associated with its practices and dynamics? 2.Is it possible, then, to give general answers to the question of how globalization is affecting educational policy and practice worldwide?
- 4. Hence, the answersdeveloped will require a careful analysis of trends in education, including:• the currently popular policy "buzz words" (privatization, choice, and decentralization of educational systems) that drive policy formation in education and prevailing research agendas based in rational organization and management theories
- 5. • the roleof national and international organizations in education, including teacher unions, parent organizations, and social movements; and• the new scholarship on race, class, gender, and the state in education
- 6. PurposesFirst, to identify,characterize, and clarify some of the debates surrounding the phenomenon of globalization; and Second, to try to understand some of the multiple and complex effects of globalization on educational policy and policy formation. In summarizing some of the consequences of globalization for educational policy, we will follow the previous organization divided into three parts: tracing some of the economic impacts, the politicalimpacts, and the cultural impacts.
- 7. Economic Level Schoolswill need to reconsider this mission in light of changing job markets in a work environment; new skills and the flexibility to adapt to changing job demands and, for that matter, changing jobs over a lifetime; and dealing with an increasingly competitive international labor pool.
- 8. The broader economiceffects of globalization tend to force national educational policies into a neoliberal framework that emphasizes lower taxes; shrinking the state sector and "doing more with less"; promoting market approaches to school choice (particularly vouchers); rational management of school organizations; performance assessment (testing); and deregulation in order to encourage new providers (including online providers) of educational services.
- 9. Political Levelthe constrainton national/state policy making posed by external demands from transnational institutions. a growing internationalization of global conflict, crime, terrorism, and environmental issues, but with an inadequate development of political institutions to address them.
- 10. Educational institutions mayhave a crucial role to play in addressing these problems, and the complex network of intended and unintended human consequences that have followed from the growth of global corporations, global mobility, global communication, and global expansion. In part, this awareness may help to foster a more critical conception of what education for "world citizenship" requires.
- 11. Cultural LevelGlobal changesin culture deeply affect educational policies, practices, and institutions. Particularly in advanced industrial societies, for instance, the question of "multiculturalism" takes on a special meaning in a global context.
- 12. Aframework for multiculturaleducation in developed societies -- to learn about different others as a way of living with them and coordinating social activity with them within a compact of mutual tolerance and respect -- extend to a global order in which the gulf of differences becomes wider, the sense of interdependence and common interest more attenuated, and the grounding of affiliation more abstract and indirect.
- 13. Criteria For MeasuringGlobalizationPolitical EngagementPersonal ContactTechnological ConnectivityEconomic Integration
- 14. Political EngagementForeign aid,treaties, organizations and peacekeeping
- 15. Personal ContactIncluding telephonecalls, travel, and remittances.
- 16. Technological ConnectivityNumber ofinternet users, hosts, and secure servers
- 17. Technological EnvironmentChanging at“lightning speed”
- 18.
- 19.
- 20. Reduced costs ofentry/leapfrogging
- 21.
- 22. Customization (“the longend of the tail”)
- 23. E-retailing and financialservices
- 24. Movement of moneyacross borders
- 25. “E-cash” – acurrency without a country
- 26.
- 27. Information as acommodity
- 28. The 24-hour office– increased productivity/lower costEconomic IntegrationInternational trade and foreign direct investment
- 29. Some AdvantagesIncreased freetrade between nationsIncreased liquidity of capital allowing investors in developed nations to invest in developing nationsCorporations have greater flexibility to operate across bordersGlobal mass media ties the world togetherIncreased flow of communications allows vital information to be shared between individuals and corporations around the world
- 30. Greater ease andspeed of transportation for goods and peopleReduction of cultural barriers increases the global village effectSpread of democratic ideals to developed nationsGreater interdependence of nation-statesReduction of likelihood of war between developed nationsIncreases in environmental protection in developed nations
- 31. Some DisadvantagesIncreased flowof skilled and non-skilled jobs from developed to developing nations as corporations seek out the cheapest laborIncreased likelihood of economic disruptions in one nation effecting all nationsCorporate influence of nation-states far exceeds that of civil society organizations and average individualsThreat that control of world media by a handful of corporations will limit cultural expressionGreater chance of reactions for globalization being violent in an attempt to preserve cultural heritage
- 32. Greater risk ofdiseases being transported unintentionally between nationsSpread of a materialistic lifestyle and attitude that sees consumption as the path to prosperityInternational bodies like the World Trade Organization infringe on national and individual sovereigntyIncrease in the chances of civil war within developing countries and open war between developing countries as they vie for resourcesDecreases in environmental integrity as polluting corporations take advantage of weak regulatory rules in developing countries
- 33. Conclusion:Globalization is thebrand of today. The boom of globalization has opened gates for economies both nationwide and worldwide. For the last decade’s governments get hold of the systems in taking advantage of the opportunities for international business as well as venture. Where there are some highly appreciated benefits of globalization to the world has witnessed some extremely harmful effects of globalization too especially when talking about Education.
- 34. ConclusionThe effects ofglobalization on education bring about fast expansions in technology and communications are anticipating changes within learning systems across the world as ideas, values, and knowledge, changing the roles of students and teachers and producing change in society from industrialization towards an information-based society.
- 35. Conclusion:In the 21stcentury, education systems deal with the twofold challenge of providing students with the new knowledge, skills and values needed to be competitive in a global market while at the same time producing graduates who are responsible adults, good citizens both of their country and of the world. Thus globalization challenges us to rethink not only how much education is needed but also its ultimate purposes.
- 36. THANK YOU FORLISTENINGGOD BLESS
- 37. There is alsoa need to look closely and resolve the following important issues: 1) quality of education 2) affordability of education 3) government budget for education; and 4) education mismatch.
- 38. Some of theReforms Proposed:Upgrade the teachers' salary scale. Teachers have been underpaid; thus there is very little incentive for most of them to take up advanced trainings.Amend the current system of budgeting for education across regions, which is based on participation rates and units costs. This clearly favors the more developed regions. There is a need to provide more allocation to lagging regions to narrow the disparity across regions.Stop the current practice of subsidizing state universities and colleges to enhance access. This may not be the best way to promote equity. An expanded scholarship program, giving more focus and priority to the poor, maybe more equitable.
- 39. Some of theReforms Proposed:4. Get all the leaders in business and industry to become actively involved in higher education; this is aimed at addressing the mismatch problem. In addition, carry out a selective admission policy, i.e., installing mechanisms to reduce enrollment in oversubscribed courses and promoting enrollment in undersubscribed ones.5. Develop a rationalized apprenticeship program with heavy inputs from the private sector. Furthermore, transfer the control of technical training to industry groups which are more attuned to the needs of business and industry.