Gloc gangler 2018._v4
0 likes•245 views
This presentation discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and costs of using multitenant container databases (CDBs) with Oracle Database. It explains that a CDB allows multiple pluggable databases (PDBs) to run within a single database instance, which can lower costs compared to running each database in a separate instance. The presentation reviews CDB and PDB components, total cost of ownership factors using a sample pricing model, and tools for managing PDBs including data guard, plug and unplug, and fast cloning capabilities.
![CDB / PDB - Security / Dev-OPS
• Understanding Lockdown profiles = Disable Options - Hints
– Disable V$OPTION
– Oracle Data Guard
– Partitioning
– Rac
• Also can use disable option all
• Disable option all except=[…];
• Alter lockdown profile XXXXX disable statement = [‘Alter System’] clause all except = ‘KILL
SESSION’);
•](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/glocgangler2018-180511193222/85/Gloc-gangler-2018-_v4-55-320.jpg)
Gloc gangler 2018._v4
- 1. MAY 16 & 17, 2018 CLEVELAND PUBLIC AUDITORIUM, CLEVELAND, OHIO WWW.NEOOUG.ORG/GLOC To CDB or not to CDB, That is the question ? Multitenant option explained...Presented by Mike Gangler Secure-24 May 16- 4:15 – 5:15 LL02
- 2. Secure-24 Company OverviewOverview • Founded 2001 in Southfield, MI • 600+ employees, < 8% turnover • 87% First Tier Resolution and 98% Customer Satisfaction • Ranked one of ComputerWorld’s 100 Best Places to Work in IT for 5 years running • Trusted by clients with total annual revenues exceeding US $1Trillion • 16 consecutive years of double digit growth • 200+ global customers • 20+ global industries Secure-24 has 17 years of experience delivering managed IT operations, application hosting, and support services to enterprises worldwide. We manage SAP, Microsoft, Oracle, and other mission critical applications across all industries. • Academy Model • Highly automated • All FLASH storage • SLAs through the application layer • Customer portal provides transparency • 8% annual investment in R&D • Certified Oracle Platinum Partner • 240+ Oracle client environments • Investment in advanced technology • Build the leading IT Services company in United States • Five Pillars: Quality, Customer Service, Security, Process and Automation • Continue strong organic growth • Support international expansion Highlights Scale Innovation Oracle Focus Corporate Direction 2
- 3. Information about Mike Gangler • Oracle ACE • DBA for over 30 years, working with Oracle since version 4 • Team Lead and Senior Database Specialist at Secure-24 • Public Speaker: Oracle OpenWorld, IOUG Collaborate, MOUS, UKOUG, RMOUG, ODTUG, GLOC • Currently serving on the board of the Michigan Oracle User Summit (mous.us) and SEMOP (www.semop.org) • Charter member of the Board of Directors for the International Oracle Users Group (IOUG) – www.ioug.org • Follow me on my Blog http://mjgangler.wordpress.com • twitter! @mjgangler
- 4. 4
- 6. Today’s Discussion This presentation demonstrate advantages, disadvantages, cost implications and a Total Cost of ownership of using CDBs with both Multitenant and default license. This session will discuss the tips, tricks and solutions that provided the ability to overcome the challenges of new technology when failure isn’t an option. The information learned from this presentation will help you navigate the difficult world of using Multitenant Container (CDB’s).
- 7. Todays Agenda • What is a CDB • Components of CDB • TCO and Cost Factor • CDB / PDB - Options / Tools • CDB / PDB - Security – Dev-OPS • Summary
- 8. MAY 16 & 17, 2018 CLEVELAND PUBLIC AUDITORIUM, CLEVELAND, OHIO WWW.NEOOUG.ORG/GLOC What is a CDB?
- 9. What is a CDB ? • The multitenant architecture enables an Oracle database Instance to function as a multitenant container database (CDB). – In another words – You can have many databases per container (CDB) • CDB = Container Database includes zero, one, or many customer created Pluggable Databases (PDBs) • PDB = Pluggable Database – Customer created Database - Can only belong to 1 CDB • Shared background processes
- 10. MAY 16 & 17, 2018 CLEVELAND PUBLIC AUDITORIUM, CLEVELAND, OHIO WWW.NEOOUG.ORG/GLOC Components of the CDB
- 11. Components of a Container Database (CDB) • Every CDB has the following Components: – Exactly one root (CDB$ROOT) • which has the data dictionary views for the root and all pluggable databases. – Exactly one seed PDB (PDB$SEED) The seed PDB is a system-supplied template that the CDB can use to create new PDBs.. • You cannot add or modify objects in PDB$SEED. – NOTE – This is not backed up in a CDB FULL BACKUP – Zero or more user-created PDBs within a CDB • A PDB is an application database(s) • The maximum number of PDB in one CDB is “252 pluggable databases”. (4096 - 12.2) • Each pluggable database has “CON_ID” which is a unique container identification – NOTE - No PDBs exist at creation of the CDB. You add PDBs based on your business requirements.
- 12. Components of a Container Database (CDB) Other Characteristics : • Each PDB will have the following tablespaces: SYSTEM, SYSAUX. TEMP tablespace can be “optionally” created under a PDB, otherwise PDB will use the TEMP tablespace for the root container. • All pluggable databases use a common UNDO tablespace under root CDB. – With 12.2 – each PDB has its own UNDO tablespace
- 13. Components of a Container Database (CDB) User Characteristics : • Using SYS to access root CDB, the DBA can stop/start CDB instance. • You can use Sys – To stop/start PDB instance • A different PDB administrator User manages each PDB.
- 14. Components of a Container Database (CDB) Other User Characteristics : • A common user exists across a CDB with a single identity. In this example, common user SYS can manage the root and every PDB. • A common user is a database user known in every container. • CDB Common User = C##<USER> - Default • alter system set common_user_prefix='' scope=spfile; • A PDB contains: – Local Users – PDB only – Common Users – for all pdbs
- 15. Components of a Container Database (CDB) Other Characteristics : • In 12c Character Set is set at CDB level, and will be applied to all associated PDB. – In 12.2 – Each PDB can be it’s a Different Character Set (Must be a subset of the CDB) • There is a centralized (common) CDB alert log, so all error/informative messages for each PDB are being written to one common alert log and set of trace files.
- 16. Components of a Container Database (CDB) Security Characteristics • Security –at Database Level (PDB) Versus Schema • Better “data isolation” • freedom of using public synonyms, provisioning, and portability.
- 17. Components of a Container Database (CDB) CDB Versus PDB CDB LEVEL Oracle Software SGA Background Process Data Guard Some Parameters (isModifiable=‘FALSE’ Control files, Redo (S)Pfile, Password File PDB LEVEL Point in-Time Recover Some Parameters (isPDB_Modifiable=‘TRUE’) Undo Tablespace (12cR2) Character Set (12cR2) Flashback Database (12cR2)
- 19. Components of a Container Database (CDB)
- 20. MAY 16 & 17, 2018 CLEVELAND PUBLIC AUDITORIUM, CLEVELAND, OHIO WWW.NEOOUG.ORG/GLOC TCO and Cost Factor
- 21. TCO / Cost Factors • Cost / TCO Presumptions (Very Simple Model) – Using Oracle Global Pricing List (Retail) – 4 database Instances per Machine – 8 PDB’s Per CDB Instance – 8 CPU’s Per Database Machine – 64 GB Memory Per Machine (Depends on Sizes of instance SGA)
- 22. TCO / Cost Factors (NOTE RETAIL COSTS) • Oracle Enterprise Edition License Per CPU = $47,500 • Oracle Multitenant License Per CPU = $17,500 • Database Machine – 8 CPU – Oracle Database Cost – without CDB - $380,000 – Oracle Database Cost – With CDB - $520,000
- 23. TCO / Cost Factors (Using Previous Options) • Database Machine – 8 CPU – Database Instance Costs – Per Database Machine Cost – without Multitenant - $380,000
- 24. TCO / Cost Factors (Using Previous Options) • Database Machine – 8 CPU – Database Instance Costs – Per Database Machine Cost – without Multitenant - $380,000 – 4 Database Instances Standard Per Machine
- 25. TCO / Cost Factors (Using Previous Options) • Database Machine – 8 CPU – Database Instance Costs – Per Database Machine Cost – without Multitenant - $380,000 – 4 Database Instances Standard Per Machine – Cost per Database = $95,000 ($380,000/4)
- 26. TCO / Cost Factors (Using Previous Options) • Database Machine – 8 CPU – Database Instance Costs – Per Database Machine Cost – with Multitenant - $520,000
- 27. TCO / Cost Factors (Using Previous Options) • Database Machine – 8 CPU – Database Instance Costs – Per Database Machine Cost – with Multitenant - $520,000 – 4 Database CDB Instances Per Machine (Standard)
- 28. TCO / Cost Factors (Using Previous Options) • Database Machine – 8 CPU – Database Instance Costs – Per Database Machine Cost – with Multitenant - $520,000 – 4 Database CDB Instances Per Machine (Standard) – 8 PDB’s Per CDB Database Instance (32 Total database/applications)
- 29. TCO / Cost Factors (Using Previous Options) • Database Machine – 8 CPU – Database Instance Costs – Per Database Machine Cost – with Multitenant - $520,000 – 4 Database CDB Instances Per Machine (Standard) – 8 PDB’s Per CDB Database Instance (32 Total database/applications) – $16,250 Per database ($520,000 / 32)
- 30. TCO / Cost Factors (Using Previous Options) • Database Costs – (Per Machine) • Break Even results > 4 database’s Per Machine – Choose Multitenant – If # of PDB’s / Applications Required per machine < 5 • DO NOT Purchase Multitenant Option • Use (CDB) Database Instances with 1 PDB (DEFAULT) • $380,000 Total Cost (Non Multitenant) – If # of PDB’s / Applications Required per machine > 4 • 4 Database Instances – 32 PDB’s/Applications • $520,000 Total Cost (Multitenant) • Sharing Background processes • Per Database is better - $16,250 Per Database/application
- 31. MAY 16 & 17, 2018 CLEVELAND PUBLIC AUDITORIUM, CLEVELAND, OHIO WWW.NEOOUG.ORG/GLOC CDB / PDB - Options / Tools
- 32. CDB / PDB - Options / Tools – Data Guard • Data guard Options • Data guard Backups at a CDB Level • Reduced DBA efforts • PDB’s automatically get backed up • RMAN> Backup Database • Data guard Backups at a PDB level • Backup pluggable database only • RMAN> Backup Pluggable Database PDB1
- 33. CDB / PDB - Options / Tools - Data Guard • Data guard Recovery Options • Data guard Recovery Backups at a CDB Level • Create New Empty CDB (PDB$SEED Doesn’t get backed up) • RMAN> Recover Database • Data guard Recovery at a PDB level • RMAN> Alter pluggable database PDB1 close; • RMAN> restore pluggable database PDB1; • RMAN> recover pluggable database PDB1; • RMAN> alter pluggable database PDB1 open resetlogs;
- 34. CDB / PDB - Options / Tools – Plug/Unplug Options • Unplug / Plug PDB’s Options • Moving databases/PDBS much easier to other CDB’s • CDB1>alter database PDB1 unplug into ‘XML FILE’ • CDB2>Connect to new CDB • CDB2>Create pluggable database using ‘XML File’
- 35. CDB / PDB - Options / Tools – Fast Cloning • Fast Cloning • Cloning databases/PDB’s • Within Same CDB • CDB1> create pluggable database PDB2 from PDB1; • From another CDB • RCDB> create database link connection to Destination Database (RLINK) • LCDB > create pluggable database PDB1 from RLINK@HOST_NAME • In 12.1 – Need to set source PDB in Read Only Mode • In 12.2 – Can have PDB in open Mode (Hot Clone)
- 36. CDB / PDB - Options / Tools - Clone PDB’s (Cont.) • Cloning PDB’s from another PDB (Example) – SQL> create pluggable database pdb2 from pdb1 • > file_name_convert=(‘PDB1’,’PDB2’) • No Need for Datapump – PDB cloning automatically moves System metadata • No need for read-only because redo and undo can be applied. – In 12.1 – undo is shared so PDB MUST be in read-only mode • Can also be cloned through DB Link
- 37. CDB / PDB - Options / Tools - Clone PDB’s (Cont) • Local clones are PDB’s in the same CDB • You Can Also clone from Remote Clone –Using DBLINK or XML • Need user with “SYSOPER” or Create Pluggable database
- 38. CDB / PDB - Options / Tools - Clone PDB’s (Cont) • Create database link CDB1 connect to C##DBA identified by password using ‘tnsnames-pdb’ • Create pluggable database pdb2 from pdb1@CDB1 file_name_convert=(‘CDB1/PDB1’,’CDB2’/’PDB2’) – !!! Cloning from 12.1 requires patch 18633374: COPYING ACROSS REMOTE SERVERS – Point #2 – Source must be in read only – Oracle 12.1 Only
- 39. CDB / PDB - Options / Tools – Refreshable PDB’s (12.2) • Refreshable PDB’s allows more ability to perform up-to-date refreshes, and great for Dev/Ops type Environments: • Steps to set this up : – Step 1 – take a full clone on the source PDB – No Downtime required for Hot Cloning – Step 2 – Refresh the “Refreshable” PDB by applying redo logs (Either on Demand or by Schedule) • The Refreshable PDB should in Read-Only Mode • NOTE – This is not a replacement of Data Guard
- 40. CDB / PDB - Options / Tools – Refreshable PDB’s (12.2) • Cloning ONLINE – – Source PDB Doesn’t have to be Read Only – Redo Apply on the Destination PDB – Default Refreshable mode is manual • Automated Refreshing – Every N minutes – If Source PDB is not available, - Alternative location to find archive logs can be set with REMOTE_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST instance parameter. CDB> Create pluggable database refresh_pdb from prd_pdb@host CDB >> Refresh mode every 30 Minutes;
- 41. CDB / PDB - Options / Tools – Refreshable PDB’s (12.2) Production Online PDB Master Read only PDB PDB1 PDB2 PDB3 CDB> Alter pluggable database Master Read only: CDB> create pluggable database PDB1 from Master snapshop copy CDB> create pluggable database PDB2 from Master snapshop copy CDB> create pluggable database PDB3 from Master snapshop copy CDB> alter pluggable database MASTER close; CDB>create pluggable database MASTER from Prod refresh mode every 15 minutes
- 42. CDB / PDB - Options / Tools – Upgrades • Upgrade Whole CDB – You an Upgrade and Apply a patch at CDB-Level (All at one) – https://mikedietrichde.com/2014/08/06/upgrade-pdbs- everything-at-once-full-cdb-upgrade/ • Upgrade Individuals PDB – Unplug/Plug PDB’s into the upgraded CDB (NEW) – One at a time – https://mikedietrichde.com/2014/08/05/upgrade-pdbs-one-at-a- time-unplugplug/
- 43. CDB / PDB - Options / Tools – Managing Resources • How Do you manage the “Noisy Neighbor” – PDB-Level Resource Plan • You can specify how much resources per Consumer Groups • Prioritize resources between competing Sessions – CDB-LEVEL Resource Plan • Specifies how much resources allocated to PDB’s • Prioritizes Resources between Competing PDB’s
- 44. CDB / PDB - Options / Tools – Managing Resources • CDB Level – CPU Shares – CPU Utilization Limit – CPU_COUNT (12.2) – Tables – “DBA_CDB_RSRC_PLAN” and ”DBA_CDB_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVE” PLUGGABLE Database CPU Shares Guaranteed CPU CPU LImit PDB_ERP 2 3/4 = 75% 100 % PDB_DWH 1 1 / 4 = 25% 60 %
- 45. CDB / PDB - Options / Tools – Managing Resources • PDB LEVEL Memory Resource Management – Oracle 12.2 ONLY – Memory Parameters – PDB Level • SGA_TARGET • DB_CACHE_SIZE • DB_SHARED_POOL_SIZE • PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT • PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET • SGA_MIN_SIZE (NEW)
- 46. CDB / PDB - Options / Tools – Managing Resources • PDB LEVEL Memory Resource Management – Part 2 – Oracle 12.2 ONLY – NEW Parameters – PDB Level • MAX_IOPS – Limits the number of I/O operations Per Second • MAX_MBPS – Limits Megabytes for I/O operations per Second • Default: 0 (No Limit) – If Oracle Waits Due to I/O Limit “Resmgr: I/O rate Limit” – Wait Event – Can’t be set in a NON-PDB
- 47. CDB / PDB - Options / Tools – Maintenance Tasks • ENABLE_AUTOMATIC_MAINTENANCE_PDB Parameter – Default = TRUE – Can be used to enable/disable running Maint. Tasks – PDB or CDB • AUTOTASK_MAX_ACTIVE_PDBS - Parameter • Maximum number of PDB’s that can schedule the maintenance task • CDB Only • DEFAULT – (2 PDB’s and CDB root can run tasks at the same time) • Both Parameters introduced in 12cR2
- 48. CDB / PDB - Options / Tools – AWR (12.1) • AWR Snapshots – CDB Level Only • AWR data reside in CDB$ROOT container – AWR data retention – Snapshot Schedule – Manual Snapshots – Purging Snapshot data • Unplugged PDB Does Not Contain AWR Information
- 49. CDB / PDB - Options / Tools – AWR (12.2) • AWR Snapshots – CDB or PDB Level • AWR Snapshots – Default – SYSAUX tablespace – Each PDB • AWR Reports at a PDB or CDB Level • AWR Management operations can be at either CDB or PDB • New Parameter – AWR_PDB_AUTOFLUSH_ENABLED – Enables automatic AWR Snapshot for PDB’s – Default = FALSE – Can Be at CDB or PDB Level
- 50. MAY 16 & 17, 2018 CLEVELAND PUBLIC AUDITORIUM, CLEVELAND, OHIO WWW.NEOOUG.ORG/GLOC CDB / PDB - Security / Dev-OPS
- 51. CDB / PDB - Security / Dev-OPS • Issues with Security and the ability to provide ”Agility” and DevOPS – Currently time to create databases/PDB’s Too long – Poor Communication and Planning between DEVOPS and DBA’s – Privileges either on or off – Full dba or Nothing
- 52. CDB / PDB - Security / Dev-OPS • Understanding Local Users and Common Users – Local Users are created in the PDB ONLY • Container=current – Common users are created in CDB • Known to all Containers • Created with “Container=All” • Can use alter session set container
- 53. CDB / PDB - Security / Dev-OPS • Understanding Local Users and Common Users – Local Users are for DEV • Application Schemas, Users and Admins • Granted to local container • Common Users are for OPS – System Administrator – Monitoring – Grant role to user container=all
- 54. CDB / PDB - Security / Dev-OPS • Understanding Lockdown profiles – Create Lockdown profile – You can disable database options, features, access to system files, network – Control what can be done to commands: • Alter System, alter session, alter (Pluggable) database • Alter lockdown profile XXXX disable option = (‘Partitioning’) - CDB
- 55. CDB / PDB - Security / Dev-OPS • Understanding Lockdown profiles = Disable Options - Hints – Disable V$OPTION – Oracle Data Guard – Partitioning – Rac • Also can use disable option all • Disable option all except=[…]; • Alter lockdown profile XXXXX disable statement = [‘Alter System’] clause all except = ‘KILL SESSION’); •
- 56. CDB / PDB - Security / Dev-OPS • Understanding Lockdown profiles – Examples: SQL> alter lockdown profile APP_PROF disable statement = ('ALTER SYSTEM') clause = ('SET'); SQL> alter lockdown profile APP_PROF enable statement = ('ALTER SYSTEM') clause = ('SET') option = ('undo_retention', 'temp_undo_enabled', 'resumable_timeout', 'cursor_sharing', 'session_cached_cursors', 'heat_map', 'resource_manager_plan', 'optimizer_dynamic_sampling');
- 57. CDB / PDB - Security / Dev-OPS • To limit the access to filesystems by a PDB • Set PATH_PREFIX for directories – 12.1 • Set CREATE_FILE_DEST for directories - 12.2 SQL> create pluggable database PDB1 admin user admin identified by password create_file_dest=‘/u05/oradata/PDB1'; Pluggable database created. ... SQL> create tablespace HR_DATA datafile '/tmp/HR_data.dbf' size 5M; create tablespace HR_DATA datafile '/tmp/HR_data.dbf' size 5M * ERROR at line 1: ORA-65250: invalid path specified for file - /tmp/HR_data.dbf
- 58. CDB / PDB - Security / Dev-OPS • Resource Manager Controls PDB Usage of CDB Resources • Which resources? – CPU, Parallel servers, Exadata I/O • Define SHARES to guarantee a minimum – Ensures that all PDBs get their part – When all CDB resources are used – DBs that use more that their share will wait
- 59. CDB / PDB - Security / Dev-OPS • Define SHARES to guarantee a minimum – Ensures that all PDBs get their part – When all CDB resources are used – DBs that use more that their share will wait • Define UTILIZATION_LIMIT to throttle usage > In percentage of CDB resources – PDB that use more than a percentage of CDB resource wait – Parallel_utilization_limit is a % of parallel_servers_target
- 60. CDB / PDB - Security / Dev-OPS – Memory Usage • Resource Manager - New in 12.2: memory usage • Memory (PGA, Buffer Cache and Shared Pool) – Define MEMORY_MIN for minimum allocation • Percentage scaled to 100% -> similar to shares • PDB using more is preferred for releasing memory • PDB using less is preferred for memory allocation • Define MEMORY_LIMIT for maximum allocation – In percentage of CDB memory – PDB that use more than a percentage need to release before allocating
- 61. CDB / PDB - Security / Dev-OPS – New Memory Parameters • Fixed minimum and maximum memory size at PDB level v Only if you use ASMM for CDB, not AMM v PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET v Soft limit for PGA tunable size (work area, goes to TEMP when reached) v PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT v Hard limit for PGA. Aborts calls or session when limit is reached v SGA_MIN_SIZE v Minimum SGA size for the PDB v PDB SGA_TARGET v Maximum SGA size for the v PDB DB_CACHE_SIZE, SHARED_POOL_SIZE v Minimums at PDB levels
- 62. CDB / PDB - Security / Dev-OPS - PDB I/O and CPU parameters üThrottles I/O done to PDB datafile (non-Exadata only) üWait event "I/O rate limit" üAt CDB level they act as a default for all PDBs üCPU_COUNT üInstance caging at PDB level: sets maximum threads üReplaces UTILIZATION_LIMIT for CPU
- 63. MAY 16 & 17, 2018 CLEVELAND PUBLIC AUDITORIUM, CLEVELAND, OHIO WWW.NEOOUG.ORG/GLOC Summary / Conclusion
- 64. Conclusion / Summary v Multitenant provides Economies of Scale v Multitenant provides Automation v Multitenant provides Agility, is fast and provides automated provisioning v You must give more privileges to avoid roundtrips between Dev and Ops v But you must establish detailed rules to control and isolate what Dev can perform v v Lockdown options and features, control resource usage v In addition to fast provisioning v Consolidate safely and keep agility v Provide only options/features required
- 65. Conclusion / Summary • Why Use Single Tenant (1 PDB) Instead of Non-CDB – Unplug / Plug PDB’s – Usage of Most PDB Tools – Fast Cloning – Most Importantly – DEPRECATION OF NON-CDB ARCHITECTURE
- 66. References and Acknowledgements A huge thanks to the following blogs and websites: • https://mikedietrichde.com/ • https://blogs.oracle.com/multitenant/ • Introduction to the Multitenant: Architecture (Documentation) • http://docs.oracle.com/database/122/CNCPT/introduction-to-the-multitenant- architecture.htm#CNCPT89234 • Oracle Multitenant (White Paper) - http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/multitenant-wp-12c- 1949736.pdf • Pini DiBASK – Winning Performance Challenges in Oracle Multitenant – http://linkedin.com/in/pinidibask and OracleDBPro.blogspot.com
- 67. Oracle-l • Global email forum – Over 20 years old now and still going strong – Anyone can subscribe and listen • Must ask moderator for the right to post • Subscribe via http://www.freelists.org/list/oracle-l • Archives at http://www.freelists.org/archive/oracle-l/ – All conversations back to Jan 2004 is archived and available for searching
- 68. Oracle Conferences in Detroit Area Michigan Oracle User Summit 28-Nov-18 Schoolcraft College, Livonia, MI http://www.mous.us 68