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GLOSS - A GLSP1 Model Server on the Smalltalk Platform

E
ESUG

The document outlines the work of a consultancy focused on enterprise architecture and the development of a graphical language server protocol (GLSP) model server using Smalltalk technologies. It highlights various aspects of modeling, language server functionality, and provides recommendations for improvements to the GLSP based on identified limitations. The project includes insights into architecture, technology used, and future work to enhance graphical modeling tools.

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Graham McLeod • University Duisburg-Essen & inspired.org Gareth Cox • inspired.org International Workshop on Smalltalk Technologies • Lille, France • 8th-11th July 2024 GLOSS - A GLSP1 Model Server on the Smalltalk Platform Captur e Order Check Issue Stock Deliver to Client Invoic e Collect Payment Order from Supplier Advise Deliver y Date Receive Stock ex Supplier 1 Graphical Language Server Protocol
Agenda • Introduction • Graphical Modelling • IDEs • Language Server Protocol • Graphical Language Server Protocol • Our project • Results, Recommendations, Conclusions
Introduction • Inspired is a boutique consultancy in Enterprise Architecture (Business, Application, Data, Technology and Solutions) • We do methods engineering, training, consulting, and tools • We offer a SaaS enterprise modelling platform written in Smalltalk (VAST for server, Pharo for graphical modelling client) • Personal 30 year history with Smalltalk • Also doing research into Visual Language design
e.g. UML, BPMN, Archimate Graphical Languages • Express semantics (meaning) relevant to a domain • Types/Classes and instances • Relationships • Properties/Property Values • Represent these graphically through • Symbols • Lines • Adornments
EVA Netmodeler inspired! Realtime and Batch CSV, XML, JSON, REST Industry & Reference Models e.g. Frame- WorX Zachman TOGAF Archimate COBIT Inspired Meta Models Web Interfaces Graphical Modeler Visualisation & Reports Live & Static Portals SaaS Repository & Knowledge Base Custom Portal Pharo VA Smalltalk Pharo/Seaside REST HTTP D3 SQL92 XML Public or Private Cloud HTML/CSS/JS Native File Formats Web Interface Graphical Modelling. REST API API Pharo/Roassal PlantUML Graphs and Visualisation
EVA Netmodeler inspired! Realtime and Batch CSV, XML, JSON, REST Industry & Reference Models e.g. Frame- WorX Zachman TOGAF Archimate COBIT Inspired Meta Models Web Interfaces Graphical Modeler Visualisation & Reports Live & Static Portals SaaS Repository & Knowledge Base Custom Portal Pharo VA Smalltalk Pharo/Seaside REST HTTP D3 SQL92 XML Public or Private Cloud HTML/CSS/JS Native File Formats Web Interface Graphical Modelling. REST API API Pharo/Roassal PlantUML Graphs and Visualisation
EVA GM Model Handling Manages how a Model Type is defined in terms of Types to include and what symbol should be used to represent them (in Model Type diagram) and instances (in Models) Manages model instances and their relationships to the repository instances they represent Manages model relationships and the relationships between instances they represent Note that model type definition is held as XML property Note that model visual only information such as position, size, colour override, relationship path is stored in XML property Vector symbols and line characteristics are defined in a Logo derived script held on symbol instances
EVA GM Model Handling Manages how a Model Type is defined in terms of Types to include and what symbol should be used to represent them (in Model Type diagram) and instances (in Models) Manages model instances and their relationships to the repository instances they represent Manages model relationships and the relationships between instances they represent Note that model type definition is held as XML property Note that model visual only information such as position, size, colour override, relationship path is stored in XML property Vector symbols and line characteristics are defined in a Logo derived script held on symbol instances Meta Meta Type Relationship Property Symbol Model Type Model
EVA GM Model Handling Manages how a Model Type is defined in terms of Types to include and what symbol should be used to represent them (in Model Type diagram) and instances (in Models) Manages model instances and their relationships to the repository instances they represent Manages model relationships and the relationships between instances they represent Note that model type definition is held as XML property Note that model visual only information such as position, size, colour override, relationship path is stored in XML property Vector symbols and line characteristics are defined in a Logo derived script held on symbol instances Meta Meta Type Relationship Property Symbol Model Type Model Language Definition Department Person Works in Reports to Name Budget Box Smiley Line Organisation
EVA GM Model Handling Manages how a Model Type is defined in terms of Types to include and what symbol should be used to represent them (in Model Type diagram) and instances (in Models) Manages model instances and their relationships to the repository instances they represent Manages model relationships and the relationships between instances they represent Note that model type definition is held as XML property Note that model visual only information such as position, size, colour override, relationship path is stored in XML property Vector symbols and line characteristics are defined in a Logo derived script held on symbol instances Meta Meta Type Relationship Property Symbol Model Type Model Language Definition Department Person Works in Reports to Name Budget Box Smiley Line Organisation Language Instances IT Fred Mary Fred-IT Mary-IT Mary-Fred Fred Sparks Mary Marks 10000 Euro IT-Box Fred-Smiley Mary-Smiley Line1 Line2 IT Dept
EVA GM Model Handling EVA-GM_Model_Handling Meta Instance All items have unique ID and name Domain_Type Description Legal_Properties Legal_Rels Legal_Rel SourceType DestinationType SemanticS-D SemanticD-S Symbol SymbolDefinition Rel_Symbol LineStyle SourceSymbol EndSymbol Model_Type Description Types Legal Relationships Symbols Default Sizes Layout Model Type Image Model Domain_Items Domain_Relationships Item_Sizes Item_Positions Line_Labels Line_Vertices Key Version_Info Model Image Status Domain_Instance ID Property_Values Relationships Domain_Relationship SourceItem DestinationItem Manages how a Model Type is defined in terms of Types to include and what symbol should be used to represent them (in Model Type diagram) and instances (in Models) Manages model instances and their relationships to the repository instances they represent Manages model relationships and the relationships between instances they represent Note that model type definition is held as XML property Note that model visual only information such as position, size, colour override, relationship path is stored in XML property Vector symbols and line characteristics are defined in a Logo derived script held on symbol instances
Language Server Protocol (LSP) • Languages have proliferated in recent years • Development of IDEs was often lacking, or at least very labour intensive • Platforms such as the Java Virtual Machine and .Net Common Language Runtime used to support execution of multiple languages • IDEs started to support many languages • Needed code completion, syntax highlighting etc. • Should not embed all the language knowledge with UI and Tools • Microsoft and others implemented the Language Server Protocol to separate the concerns
Language Server • Understands the language semantics and syntax rules • Provides source to an IDE • Processes changes made by user to update source • Provides modified code for re-rendering Editor Client • Manages User Interfaces • Provides code completion, syntax highlighting • Deals with editing actions • Renders the provided source code • Can be desktop or web based
GLSP Architecture Sprotty Rendering Engine JSON messages over Web Sockets REST interface SVG Symbols
GLSP Data Model The Graphical Language Server Protocol from Eclipse Foundation. Supports standard messaging between a graphical modeling client and a Modeling Language Server. Uses web sockets and JSON payloads. Graphical Language Server Protocol (GLSP) Schema SoftwareElements BaseProtocol Model Types ModelData ModelSaving ModelLayout ModelEditMode ClientSideActions GLSPClient GLSPServer ActionMessage clientID action Action RequestAction RejectAction Operation ResponseAction ModelElementSchema id type children cssClasses ModelRootSchema canvasBounds revision ModelElement id type cssClasses features root index ParentElement children addChild removeChild removeAllMatching moveChlld ChildElement parent ModelRoot index canvasBounds revision Point x y Dimension width height Bounds ElementAndBounds elementID newSize newPosition ElementAndAlignment elementID newAlignment ElementAndRoutingPoints elementID newRoutingPoints EditorContext selectedElementIDs lastMousePosition args LabeledAction label actions icon RequestModelAction kind options SetModelAction kind newRoot UpdateModelAction kind newRoot animate SourceModelChangedAction kind sourceModelName SaveModelAction kind fileURI SetDirtyStateAction kind isDirty reason RequestExportSvgAction ExportSvgAction kind sag responseID RequestBoundsAction kind newRoot ComputedBoundsAction kind bounds revision alignments routes LayoutOperation kind elementIDs SetEditModeAction kind editMode ClientSideAction + ToolPalette CheckEdgeResultAction kind isValid edgeType sourceElementID targetElementID OperationClient + RequestActionClient + ResponseActionClient +
GLSP Client for Workflow
Our Project • Examined the documentation for GLSP • Installed and ran the example application (TypeScript) • Inspected the objects in the browser and the messages sent to and received from server • Implemented Classes in Smalltalk to hold the model, respond to the requests / actions • Added ability to hold multiple models • Added ability to serve the symbols from the server • Added container UI elements to allow selection of model type and model • Allowed model to be saved under different name, or deleted
Technology and Architecture • Pharo as IDE • Zinc for HTTP and Web Sockets • Teapot for minimal Web Server / REST • Roassal to visualise classes • NeoJSON to serialise and deserialise JSON Zn
GLSP Client for Workflow [Demo]
GLOSS Classes
GLSP Recommendations (1) Limita&on Suggested Remedy 1 No explicit understanding of a Model Type Extend protocol to include no&on of a Model Type having a defined set of concepts, rela&onships and associated symbols. This should be achieved in data rather than code. 2 DiEo Provide for requests for list of Model Types by client and response by server 3 No provision for dealing with mul&ple model instances Extend protocol to allow for reques&ng models of a given type 4 Symbols defined in code and in client Define symbols in data (s&ll SVG) and on server. Provide for transfer of required symbols for model type to client 5 Symbol types limited to SVG Could extend to allow lists and images 6 Does not allow re-use of model item across model instances (naming issue; item not managed separately from model) Manage items as objects with own iden&ty. Associate with models by reference.
GLSP Recommendations (2) Limita&on Suggested Remedy 7 Does not support including items already on server in models. Extend protocol to allow fetching item instance lists to facilitate this behaviour 8 Does not support fetching item details for edi&ng purposes Extend protocol to allow fetching item details and returning captured details to server. These could be exchanged as a JSON map. 9 No support for iden&fying related items to facilitate rapid visual model construc&on Extend protocol to allow fetching items related to current focus item (name and type) where these are consistent with the current model type (permiEed types and rela&onships) 10 Posi&on and size of items is held as property of item, not per model. Inhibits reuse of item in mul&ple models Refactor item loca&on, size, etc which varies per model to the model. Keep domain details of item with item. 11 Does not provide for “expansion” of a model element to a drill down model Extend the protocol to allow such a request from the client to the server and recording the related model with the item in the upper model.
Project Observations (1) • Example GLSP Implementations in Javascript and Typescript • We worked with the Typescript example • GLSP architecture assumes a client deals with only one model type! • Connection between a concept and representation is realised in the client and is hard coded • Symbols are implemented as functions returning SVG, again hard coded • There is no explicit meta data about model type, mapping of concepts to visual representation etc. • No edit of model elements (can probably be done via other Eclipse / LSP features, but not in examples) • Efficiency and Responsiveness - Full model render for every change • Low level of abstraction - Class per concept in the model type • Symbols hard coded for a given concrete syntax (Function per symbol with embedded SVG paths) • Large number of classes to deal with Actions and Responses (Class each - could just be methods on a couple of classes) • Only dealt with 1 endPoint, 1 Model Type, 1 Notation
Project Observations (2) TypeScript Smalltalk Server 58k SLOC / 7,6 Mb 3k SLOC / <1 Mb Client. 95k SLOC / 9,8 Mb 20k SLOC ~400k (1 model type) (unlimited model types, >> functionality) • Our own antique Graphical Modeller • Handles many model types • Does meta and instance models • Does arbitrary (user extensible) symbols • Supports multiple symbol styles (vector, raster, container, list) • Has advanced features (Sessions and security, expand node as model, alignment, size, summarise models, visually compare models, launch node editing UI, store rendered model on server,§ etc. ) • <20k SLOC
Future Work • Extend GOSS to return Smalltalk class properties and relationships allowing suitable client to display Smalltalk models (beyond just inheritance tree) • May port the GLSP support to our EVA Server • May use GLSP or extension thereof to allow our GM to access GLSP servers • Could create our own GLSP client in the browser, but this will require vector graphics support (e.g. via CUIS and Morphic 3 or similar) • Collaborate?
References(1) [1] J.R. Bourne, Object-Oriented Engineering: Building Engineering Systems Using Smalltalk-80. CRC Press, 1992 [2] D. Bork and P. Langer, Catchword: Language Server Protocol - An Introduction to the Protocol, its Use, and Adoption for Web Modeling Tools. Enterprise Modeling and Information Systems Architectures, Vol 18, No 9 2023. [3] D. Bork, P. Langer and T. Ortmayr, A Vision for Flexibile GLSP-based Web Modeling Tools. IFIP Working Conference on The Practice of Enterprise Modeling 2023. [4] Stephane Ducasse et al, Meta-Environment and Executable Meta-Language Using Smalltalk: an Experience Report. Software and Systems Modeling, 2009. [5] R. Rodriguez-Echeverria et al, Towards a Language Server Protocol Infrastructure for Graphical Modeling. 21st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, 370-380, 2018. [6] S. Sudan and M. Piel, DynaGraph: a Smalltalk Environment for Self-Reconfigurable Robots Simulation. European Smalltalk User Group (ESUG’04), Köthen, Germany, 2004. [7] Sprotty.org, Diagram Visualization Tools for Your Web Applications, Open Source Community, https://sprotty.org, 2023. [8] T. Thomasma and O.M. Ulgren, Modeling of a manufacturing cell using a graphical simulation system based on Smalltalk-80. In Proceedings of the 19th conference on Winter simulation (pp. 683-691). December 1987. [9] B.T.M. Anh, S. Stinckwich, M. Ziane, B. Roche, and H.T. Vinh. KENDRICK: A Domain Specific Language and platform for mathematical epidemiological modelling. In The 2015 IEEE RIVF International Conference on Computing & Communication Technologies-Research, Innovation, and Vision for Future (RIVF) (pp. 132-137). January 2015. [10] D. Sternberg, F. Budinsky, E. Merks and M Paternostro, EMF: Eclipse Modeling Framework. Pearson Education. 2008. [11] N. Gunasinghe and N. Marcus, Language Server Protocol and Implementation. Apress. 2021. [12] Microsoft, Language Server Protocol Overviews. https://microsoft.github.io/language- server- protocol/overviews/lsp/overview. Accessed Mar 2024. [13] Inspired.org, Enterprise Value Architect : https://www.inspired.org/eva-home. 2022. [14] Benoit Verhaeghe, Pharo Language Server: https://github.com/badetitou/Pharo- LanguageServer, accessed Mar 2024. [15] Sven van Caekenberghe, Zinc: an industrial quality level HTTP/S framework. http:// books.pharo.org/booklet-Zinc/pdf/2020-03-23-Zinc.pdf accessed May 2024. [16] Damien Cassou, Stéphane Ducasse, Luc Fabresse, Johan Fabry, Sven van Caekenberghe, Enterprise Pharo a Web Perspective. http://files.pharo.org/books-pdfs/entreprise-pharo/ 2016-10-06-EnterprisePharo.pdf accessed April 2024. [17] Damien Cassou, Stéphane Ducasse, Luc Fabresse, Johan Fabry, Sven van Caekenberghe. Enterprise Pharo a Web Perspective. Square Bracket Associates, 2015. hal-01223026v2 [18] Patrick Rein and Christoph Thiede, Squeak by Example (Edition 6). Software Architecture Group, Hasso Plattner Institute, Germany. 2023. [19] Philipp-Lorenz Glaser, Developing Sprotty-based Modeling Tools for VS Code. BACHELOR’S THESIS. Faculty of Informatics TU Wien. 2022.
References(1) [20] Alexandre Bergel, Agile Visualization with Pharo. Apress. 2022 [21] Object Management Group, OMG® Unified Modeling Language® (OMG UML®) Version 2.5.1. December 2017. Accessible at: https/www.omg.org/spec/UML/ [22] Object Management Group, Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) Version 2. January 2011. Accessible at: https://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0/PDF [23] The Open Group, Archimate® 3.2 Specification. October 2022. [24] Graham McLeod, An Advanced Meta-meta Model for Visual Language Design and Tooling. EMISA Journal / Models at Work. Practice of Enterprise Modeling, Vienna, 2022. [25] Amaud Roques, PlantUML. February 2024. https://github.com/plantuml/plantuml [26] Ethan Cerami, Web services essentials: distributed applications with XML-RPC, SOAP, UDDI & WSDL. O'Reilly Media, Inc., 2002. [27] Chris Roth, Using Microsoft Visio 2010. Pearson Education, 2011. [28] Ivan B Liss and Thomas C. McMillan. The implementation of a simple turtle graphics package. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 19, no. 4 1987. [29] Steven Kelly and Juka-Pekka Tolvanen. Collaborative modelling and metamodelling with MetaEdit+. ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion (MODELS-C). IEEE, pp. 27– 34 2021. Online Resources [a] Instantiations.com, VAST Platform Documentation https://www.instantiations.com/ vast- support/documentation/1300/#page/Welcome/welcome.html for VA Smalltalk [b] Pharo by Example, https://github.com/SquareBracketAssociates/ UpdatedPharoByExample/ for Pharo [c] H. Fernandes with K. Dickey and J. Vuletich. The Cuis Book. https://cuis- smalltalk.github.io/TheCuisBook/ [d] Draw2D Documentation. https://freegroup.github.io/draw2d/#/api/draw2d [e] World Wide Web Consortium, Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 2. 8 March 2023. https://svgwg.org/svg2-draft/ [f] ECMA International, ECMA-404 The JSON data interchange syntax 2nd edition. December 2017. https://ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-404/ [g] Theia-ide.org, The Eclipse Theia Platform. Theia-ide.org. February 2022. https://theia- ide.org [h] Microsoft Corp, Visual Studio Code. Version 1.89. April 2024. https:// code.visualstudio.com/ [i] Whatwg.org, WebSockets Standard. websockets.spec. April 2024. https://websockets.spec.whatwg.org/ [j] OMLAB, The ADOxx Meta Modelling platform. 2024 https://www.adoxx.org/live/ home
inspired! Graham McLeod  graham@inspired.org  www.inspired.org LinkedIn: Graham McLeod “The world is moving so fast nowadays that the man who says it can’t be done is generally interrupted by someone doing it!” - Elbert Hubbard At inspired.org we specialise in transformative business strategy integrated with executable architecture (including business architecture) and empowering methods to deliver meaningful and desirable change.

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GLOSS - A GLSP1 Model Server on the Smalltalk Platform

  • 1. Graham McLeod • University Duisburg-Essen & inspired.org Gareth Cox • inspired.org International Workshop on Smalltalk Technologies • Lille, France • 8th-11th July 2024 GLOSS - A GLSP1 Model Server on the Smalltalk Platform Captur e Order Check Issue Stock Deliver to Client Invoic e Collect Payment Order from Supplier Advise Deliver y Date Receive Stock ex Supplier 1 Graphical Language Server Protocol
  • 2. Agenda • Introduction • Graphical Modelling • IDEs • Language Server Protocol • Graphical Language Server Protocol • Our project • Results, Recommendations, Conclusions
  • 3. Introduction • Inspired is a boutique consultancy in Enterprise Architecture (Business, Application, Data, Technology and Solutions) • We do methods engineering, training, consulting, and tools • We offer a SaaS enterprise modelling platform written in Smalltalk (VAST for server, Pharo for graphical modelling client) • Personal 30 year history with Smalltalk • Also doing research into Visual Language design
  • 4. e.g. UML, BPMN, Archimate Graphical Languages • Express semantics (meaning) relevant to a domain • Types/Classes and instances • Relationships • Properties/Property Values • Represent these graphically through • Symbols • Lines • Adornments
  • 5. EVA Netmodeler inspired! Realtime and Batch CSV, XML, JSON, REST Industry & Reference Models e.g. Frame- WorX Zachman TOGAF Archimate COBIT Inspired Meta Models Web Interfaces Graphical Modeler Visualisation & Reports Live & Static Portals SaaS Repository & Knowledge Base Custom Portal Pharo VA Smalltalk Pharo/Seaside REST HTTP D3 SQL92 XML Public or Private Cloud HTML/CSS/JS Native File Formats Web Interface Graphical Modelling. REST API API Pharo/Roassal PlantUML Graphs and Visualisation
  • 6. EVA Netmodeler inspired! Realtime and Batch CSV, XML, JSON, REST Industry & Reference Models e.g. Frame- WorX Zachman TOGAF Archimate COBIT Inspired Meta Models Web Interfaces Graphical Modeler Visualisation & Reports Live & Static Portals SaaS Repository & Knowledge Base Custom Portal Pharo VA Smalltalk Pharo/Seaside REST HTTP D3 SQL92 XML Public or Private Cloud HTML/CSS/JS Native File Formats Web Interface Graphical Modelling. REST API API Pharo/Roassal PlantUML Graphs and Visualisation
  • 7. EVA GM Model Handling Manages how a Model Type is defined in terms of Types to include and what symbol should be used to represent them (in Model Type diagram) and instances (in Models) Manages model instances and their relationships to the repository instances they represent Manages model relationships and the relationships between instances they represent Note that model type definition is held as XML property Note that model visual only information such as position, size, colour override, relationship path is stored in XML property Vector symbols and line characteristics are defined in a Logo derived script held on symbol instances
  • 8. EVA GM Model Handling Manages how a Model Type is defined in terms of Types to include and what symbol should be used to represent them (in Model Type diagram) and instances (in Models) Manages model instances and their relationships to the repository instances they represent Manages model relationships and the relationships between instances they represent Note that model type definition is held as XML property Note that model visual only information such as position, size, colour override, relationship path is stored in XML property Vector symbols and line characteristics are defined in a Logo derived script held on symbol instances Meta Meta Type Relationship Property Symbol Model Type Model
  • 9. EVA GM Model Handling Manages how a Model Type is defined in terms of Types to include and what symbol should be used to represent them (in Model Type diagram) and instances (in Models) Manages model instances and their relationships to the repository instances they represent Manages model relationships and the relationships between instances they represent Note that model type definition is held as XML property Note that model visual only information such as position, size, colour override, relationship path is stored in XML property Vector symbols and line characteristics are defined in a Logo derived script held on symbol instances Meta Meta Type Relationship Property Symbol Model Type Model Language Definition Department Person Works in Reports to Name Budget Box Smiley Line Organisation
  • 10. EVA GM Model Handling Manages how a Model Type is defined in terms of Types to include and what symbol should be used to represent them (in Model Type diagram) and instances (in Models) Manages model instances and their relationships to the repository instances they represent Manages model relationships and the relationships between instances they represent Note that model type definition is held as XML property Note that model visual only information such as position, size, colour override, relationship path is stored in XML property Vector symbols and line characteristics are defined in a Logo derived script held on symbol instances Meta Meta Type Relationship Property Symbol Model Type Model Language Definition Department Person Works in Reports to Name Budget Box Smiley Line Organisation Language Instances IT Fred Mary Fred-IT Mary-IT Mary-Fred Fred Sparks Mary Marks 10000 Euro IT-Box Fred-Smiley Mary-Smiley Line1 Line2 IT Dept
  • 11. EVA GM Model Handling EVA-GM_Model_Handling Meta Instance All items have unique ID and name Domain_Type Description Legal_Properties Legal_Rels Legal_Rel SourceType DestinationType SemanticS-D SemanticD-S Symbol SymbolDefinition Rel_Symbol LineStyle SourceSymbol EndSymbol Model_Type Description Types Legal Relationships Symbols Default Sizes Layout Model Type Image Model Domain_Items Domain_Relationships Item_Sizes Item_Positions Line_Labels Line_Vertices Key Version_Info Model Image Status Domain_Instance ID Property_Values Relationships Domain_Relationship SourceItem DestinationItem Manages how a Model Type is defined in terms of Types to include and what symbol should be used to represent them (in Model Type diagram) and instances (in Models) Manages model instances and their relationships to the repository instances they represent Manages model relationships and the relationships between instances they represent Note that model type definition is held as XML property Note that model visual only information such as position, size, colour override, relationship path is stored in XML property Vector symbols and line characteristics are defined in a Logo derived script held on symbol instances
  • 12. Language Server Protocol (LSP) • Languages have proliferated in recent years • Development of IDEs was often lacking, or at least very labour intensive • Platforms such as the Java Virtual Machine and .Net Common Language Runtime used to support execution of multiple languages • IDEs started to support many languages • Needed code completion, syntax highlighting etc. • Should not embed all the language knowledge with UI and Tools • Microsoft and others implemented the Language Server Protocol to separate the concerns
  • 13. Language Server • Understands the language semantics and syntax rules • Provides source to an IDE • Processes changes made by user to update source • Provides modified code for re-rendering Editor Client • Manages User Interfaces • Provides code completion, syntax highlighting • Deals with editing actions • Renders the provided source code • Can be desktop or web based
  • 14. GLSP Architecture Sprotty Rendering Engine JSON messages over Web Sockets REST interface SVG Symbols
  • 15. GLSP Data Model The Graphical Language Server Protocol from Eclipse Foundation. Supports standard messaging between a graphical modeling client and a Modeling Language Server. Uses web sockets and JSON payloads. Graphical Language Server Protocol (GLSP) Schema SoftwareElements BaseProtocol Model Types ModelData ModelSaving ModelLayout ModelEditMode ClientSideActions GLSPClient GLSPServer ActionMessage clientID action Action RequestAction RejectAction Operation ResponseAction ModelElementSchema id type children cssClasses ModelRootSchema canvasBounds revision ModelElement id type cssClasses features root index ParentElement children addChild removeChild removeAllMatching moveChlld ChildElement parent ModelRoot index canvasBounds revision Point x y Dimension width height Bounds ElementAndBounds elementID newSize newPosition ElementAndAlignment elementID newAlignment ElementAndRoutingPoints elementID newRoutingPoints EditorContext selectedElementIDs lastMousePosition args LabeledAction label actions icon RequestModelAction kind options SetModelAction kind newRoot UpdateModelAction kind newRoot animate SourceModelChangedAction kind sourceModelName SaveModelAction kind fileURI SetDirtyStateAction kind isDirty reason RequestExportSvgAction ExportSvgAction kind sag responseID RequestBoundsAction kind newRoot ComputedBoundsAction kind bounds revision alignments routes LayoutOperation kind elementIDs SetEditModeAction kind editMode ClientSideAction + ToolPalette CheckEdgeResultAction kind isValid edgeType sourceElementID targetElementID OperationClient + RequestActionClient + ResponseActionClient +
  • 17. Our Project • Examined the documentation for GLSP • Installed and ran the example application (TypeScript) • Inspected the objects in the browser and the messages sent to and received from server • Implemented Classes in Smalltalk to hold the model, respond to the requests / actions • Added ability to hold multiple models • Added ability to serve the symbols from the server • Added container UI elements to allow selection of model type and model • Allowed model to be saved under different name, or deleted
  • 18. Technology and Architecture • Pharo as IDE • Zinc for HTTP and Web Sockets • Teapot for minimal Web Server / REST • Roassal to visualise classes • NeoJSON to serialise and deserialise JSON Zn
  • 21. GLSP Recommendations (1) Limita&on Suggested Remedy 1 No explicit understanding of a Model Type Extend protocol to include no&on of a Model Type having a defined set of concepts, rela&onships and associated symbols. This should be achieved in data rather than code. 2 DiEo Provide for requests for list of Model Types by client and response by server 3 No provision for dealing with mul&ple model instances Extend protocol to allow for reques&ng models of a given type 4 Symbols defined in code and in client Define symbols in data (s&ll SVG) and on server. Provide for transfer of required symbols for model type to client 5 Symbol types limited to SVG Could extend to allow lists and images 6 Does not allow re-use of model item across model instances (naming issue; item not managed separately from model) Manage items as objects with own iden&ty. Associate with models by reference.
  • 22. GLSP Recommendations (2) Limita&on Suggested Remedy 7 Does not support including items already on server in models. Extend protocol to allow fetching item instance lists to facilitate this behaviour 8 Does not support fetching item details for edi&ng purposes Extend protocol to allow fetching item details and returning captured details to server. These could be exchanged as a JSON map. 9 No support for iden&fying related items to facilitate rapid visual model construc&on Extend protocol to allow fetching items related to current focus item (name and type) where these are consistent with the current model type (permiEed types and rela&onships) 10 Posi&on and size of items is held as property of item, not per model. Inhibits reuse of item in mul&ple models Refactor item loca&on, size, etc which varies per model to the model. Keep domain details of item with item. 11 Does not provide for “expansion” of a model element to a drill down model Extend the protocol to allow such a request from the client to the server and recording the related model with the item in the upper model.
  • 23. Project Observations (1) • Example GLSP Implementations in Javascript and Typescript • We worked with the Typescript example • GLSP architecture assumes a client deals with only one model type! • Connection between a concept and representation is realised in the client and is hard coded • Symbols are implemented as functions returning SVG, again hard coded • There is no explicit meta data about model type, mapping of concepts to visual representation etc. • No edit of model elements (can probably be done via other Eclipse / LSP features, but not in examples) • Efficiency and Responsiveness - Full model render for every change • Low level of abstraction - Class per concept in the model type • Symbols hard coded for a given concrete syntax (Function per symbol with embedded SVG paths) • Large number of classes to deal with Actions and Responses (Class each - could just be methods on a couple of classes) • Only dealt with 1 endPoint, 1 Model Type, 1 Notation
  • 24. Project Observations (2) TypeScript Smalltalk Server 58k SLOC / 7,6 Mb 3k SLOC / <1 Mb Client. 95k SLOC / 9,8 Mb 20k SLOC ~400k (1 model type) (unlimited model types, >> functionality) • Our own antique Graphical Modeller • Handles many model types • Does meta and instance models • Does arbitrary (user extensible) symbols • Supports multiple symbol styles (vector, raster, container, list) • Has advanced features (Sessions and security, expand node as model, alignment, size, summarise models, visually compare models, launch node editing UI, store rendered model on server,§ etc. ) • <20k SLOC
  • 25. Future Work • Extend GOSS to return Smalltalk class properties and relationships allowing suitable client to display Smalltalk models (beyond just inheritance tree) • May port the GLSP support to our EVA Server • May use GLSP or extension thereof to allow our GM to access GLSP servers • Could create our own GLSP client in the browser, but this will require vector graphics support (e.g. via CUIS and Morphic 3 or similar) • Collaborate?
  • 26. References(1) [1] J.R. Bourne, Object-Oriented Engineering: Building Engineering Systems Using Smalltalk-80. CRC Press, 1992 [2] D. Bork and P. Langer, Catchword: Language Server Protocol - An Introduction to the Protocol, its Use, and Adoption for Web Modeling Tools. Enterprise Modeling and Information Systems Architectures, Vol 18, No 9 2023. [3] D. Bork, P. Langer and T. Ortmayr, A Vision for Flexibile GLSP-based Web Modeling Tools. IFIP Working Conference on The Practice of Enterprise Modeling 2023. [4] Stephane Ducasse et al, Meta-Environment and Executable Meta-Language Using Smalltalk: an Experience Report. Software and Systems Modeling, 2009. [5] R. Rodriguez-Echeverria et al, Towards a Language Server Protocol Infrastructure for Graphical Modeling. 21st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, 370-380, 2018. [6] S. Sudan and M. Piel, DynaGraph: a Smalltalk Environment for Self-Reconfigurable Robots Simulation. European Smalltalk User Group (ESUG’04), Köthen, Germany, 2004. [7] Sprotty.org, Diagram Visualization Tools for Your Web Applications, Open Source Community, https://sprotty.org, 2023. [8] T. Thomasma and O.M. Ulgren, Modeling of a manufacturing cell using a graphical simulation system based on Smalltalk-80. In Proceedings of the 19th conference on Winter simulation (pp. 683-691). December 1987. [9] B.T.M. Anh, S. Stinckwich, M. Ziane, B. Roche, and H.T. Vinh. KENDRICK: A Domain Specific Language and platform for mathematical epidemiological modelling. In The 2015 IEEE RIVF International Conference on Computing & Communication Technologies-Research, Innovation, and Vision for Future (RIVF) (pp. 132-137). January 2015. [10] D. Sternberg, F. Budinsky, E. Merks and M Paternostro, EMF: Eclipse Modeling Framework. Pearson Education. 2008. [11] N. Gunasinghe and N. Marcus, Language Server Protocol and Implementation. Apress. 2021. [12] Microsoft, Language Server Protocol Overviews. https://microsoft.github.io/language- server- protocol/overviews/lsp/overview. Accessed Mar 2024. [13] Inspired.org, Enterprise Value Architect : https://www.inspired.org/eva-home. 2022. [14] Benoit Verhaeghe, Pharo Language Server: https://github.com/badetitou/Pharo- LanguageServer, accessed Mar 2024. [15] Sven van Caekenberghe, Zinc: an industrial quality level HTTP/S framework. http:// books.pharo.org/booklet-Zinc/pdf/2020-03-23-Zinc.pdf accessed May 2024. [16] Damien Cassou, Stéphane Ducasse, Luc Fabresse, Johan Fabry, Sven van Caekenberghe, Enterprise Pharo a Web Perspective. http://files.pharo.org/books-pdfs/entreprise-pharo/ 2016-10-06-EnterprisePharo.pdf accessed April 2024. [17] Damien Cassou, Stéphane Ducasse, Luc Fabresse, Johan Fabry, Sven van Caekenberghe. Enterprise Pharo a Web Perspective. Square Bracket Associates, 2015. hal-01223026v2 [18] Patrick Rein and Christoph Thiede, Squeak by Example (Edition 6). Software Architecture Group, Hasso Plattner Institute, Germany. 2023. [19] Philipp-Lorenz Glaser, Developing Sprotty-based Modeling Tools for VS Code. BACHELOR’S THESIS. Faculty of Informatics TU Wien. 2022.
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  • 28. inspired! Graham McLeod  [email protected] www.inspired.org LinkedIn: Graham McLeod “The world is moving so fast nowadays that the man who says it can’t be done is generally interrupted by someone doing it!” - Elbert Hubbard At inspired.org we specialise in transformative business strategy integrated with executable architecture (including business architecture) and empowering methods to deliver meaningful and desirable change.