Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)
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This document discusses Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for fresh fruits and vegetable farming. It addresses several key areas of GAP including farm location, structure, environment, maintenance, farming practices, and management. The goal of GAP is to ensure food safety, quality, environmental protection, and worker welfare throughout the agricultural supply chain. Key aspects covered include soil evaluation, farm mapping, hygienic practices, planting material selection, fertilizer and manure use, irrigation water quality, and record keeping. GAP certification standards aim to minimize risks to health while promoting sustainability.
Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)
- 1. JUPITE MARK U. BANAYAG, L.Agr Program Coordinator, Agriculture Department Compostela Valley State College- Main Campus GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES (GAP)
- 2. Food is safe Quality is right Environment is not harmed Workers are protected There is an increasing demand by retailers and customers for the producers/suppliers of F&V to implement quality assurance programs like GAP, GMP and HACCP.JMUBanayag GAP, GMP, HACCP Concerns:
- 3. Farm Packinghouse Exporter’s packinghouse or processing plant Transport Importer’s holding/storage area Retail GAP/GHP GHP/HACCP/GMP JMUBanayag Integration of QA Programs (GAP, GHP, GMP, HACCP) through the supply chain
- 4. • Components of Quality: – Visual attributes – color, shape, appearance – Sensory attributes – taste, aroma, texture – Nutritional / health & wellness attributes- Vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals – Wholesomeness – absence of HAZARDS that affect human health (SAFETY) JMUBanayag QAP concerns on QUALITY
- 5. • Toxic Contaminants/Hazards …anything that might be present in harvested fruits and vegetables that pose potential risk to human health: – Chemical Hazards – Microbial Hazards – Physical Hazards JMUBanayag QAP concerns on Food Safety
- 6. • Key Players Growers, Farmers producers Wholesalers Processors Customers Retailers JMUBanayag Fresh produce can be contaminated/ affected at any point along the food chain.
- 7. Reasons why we should maintain the integrity of and not harm Mother earth: – the only planet where we can survive. – Provides the resources to sustain life. – The only gift we can bequeath to people of the next generations. JMUBanayag QAP concerns on Environment
- 8. • GAP advocates dignity of labor • Workers are human beings entitled to comfortable working conditions. • Workers provide the most important input (labor/services) in maintaining quality and safety assurance of produce. JMUBanayag QAP concerns on Workers’ Welfare
- 9. • GAP includes practices that have to be followed at the primary production, in order to ensure a safe and wholesome product whilst also minimizing the negative impact of those practices on the environment and on workers' health. JMUBanayag Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)
- 10. • GMP includes practices oriented to the prevention and control of hazards associated to the fresh fruits and vegetables post-harvest chain, ensuring a safe and wholesome product, whilst also minimizing the negative impact of those practices on the environment and on workers' health. JMUBanayag Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)
- 11. • Practices oriented to ensure the safety and aptitude of use of F&FV throughout the food chain, with emphasis in prevention and control of microbiological hazards. GHP is a horizontal component of GAP and GMP. JMUBanayag Good Hygiene Practices (GHP)
- 12. ... GAP, GMP and GHP have been incorporated into the code of practices and protocols for certification under a generic concept of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), e.g, PhilGAP, ASEAN GAP, GlobalGAP, etc. JMUBanayag In practical terms…..
- 13. • FAO GAP • EUREP/Global GAP • USDA GAP • Australian GAP • Japan GAP • ASEAN GAP JMUBanayag GAP Programs
- 14. GAP sets the standard Code of good agricultural practices for on- farm production and postharvest handling activities; Compliance to the set standard is voluntary. JMUBanayag
- 16. Produce quality Environmental management Food safety Worker health, safety, welfare Modules PHILIPPINE GAP ELEMENTS JMUBanayag ASEAN GAP ASEAN GAP
- 17. • Language of trade – Food Safety Assurance • Ensure sustainability of farmers practices • Competitive edge • Market access JMUBanayag Why do we need GAP?
- 18. JMUBanayag What do the GAPs foster? Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
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- 20. Code of (GAP) for Fresh Fruits and Vegetable Farming JMUBanayag Philippines’s Certification Scheme on Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) for Fresh Fruits and Vegetable Farming PNS/BAFPS 49:2011
- 21. • Consolidated safety and quality standards formulated by the Department of Agriculture (DA). • These code of practices are based on concept of (HACCP) and quality management principles with emphasis in the following six key areas: – Farm location – Farm structure – Farm environment (soil/nutrients) – Farm maintenance (hygiene and cleanliness) – Farming practices/methods/techniques (pesticide and fertilizer , pest and disease management, postharvest handling) – Farm management (farm records, traceability, staff training) JMUBanayag
- 22. • Basis of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) Program is to: – provide safe food product for the consumers. • The focus is to: – reduce risk of microbial – pesticide contamination. • Additional benefits of the program are worker safety and protection of the environment. JMUBanayag
- 23. • Land must be evaluated to be suitable for agricultural land use. • Obtaining a history of the prior use of land to help identifying potential hazards. • Environment impact assessment conducted and preventive or improvement measures introduced by farmers or technical expert will be useful. JMUBanayag SECTION I – FARM LOCATION
- 24. A property lay-out map within the site should be prepared to indicate the locations of the following: • crop production area; • primary processing area; • sources of water used on the farm (well, reservoir, rivers, lakes, farm ponds, etc.) • chemical pesticides and fertilizer storage and mixing areas; • tools and equipment cleaning and disinfection areas; • storage area for tools and equipment; • post-harvest chemical treatment area; • water storage, distribution networks, drainage, and discharge points of waste water; • solid waste disposal area; • composting areas; • property buildings, structures and road networks; • toilet facilities and hand- washing areas; and • environmentally sensitive and highly degraded areas (e.g. saline/sodic soil) JMUBanayag
- 25. Farm Grower A1 4ha A2 4ha A3 4ha B 1 3.6h a B 2 3.7h a B 3 3.8h a C1 2ha C 2 1.9h a C 3 1.8h a Creek HousePack shed Machineryshed Chemicalstore Sprayer cleaning area Toilets Example of farm map that may help identify contaminated sites or sources of contamination. FARM MAP JMUBanayag
- 26. Site Selection • Type of the soil Slope • Slope • pH • Site history Site Management • Land preparation • Planting design • Fencing/barriers • Soil renewal JMUBanayag Considerations
- 27. • Know the history of the field • Recognize more fertile lands and with availability of water JMUBanayag Site Selection and Management Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 28. - Do not plant in fields with chemical contaminants - The field should be free of trash, papers, plastics and empty containers. - Check there is no risk of water contamination JMUBanayag Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 29. - Be acquainted with the type of pests, diseases and weeds that exist, mainly in the crop area. - Check on possible contamination sources from neighboring plots. JMUBanayag Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 30. • Cultivation, storage and packing areas must be kept clean and tidy. • Effective measures must be taken to dispose of rubbish heaps on the farm. • Irrigation system should be maintained to provide effective delivery, prevent blockage and back siphonage. JMUBanayag SECTION II – FARM STRUCTURE
- 31. - Signpost the place where the crop will be planted with the number of the lot or name of the crop. Pag15 Vegetable growing plots must be clearly demarcated and labeled.JMUBanayag Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 32. • Soil must not be contaminated with heavy metals. The heavy metals must be analyzed. • Records of heavy metals testing from accredited laboratory must be kept and produced during audit. • Agricultural land must not have been used for activities other than agriculture since it can be contaminated with pathogenic organisms or toxic chemical substances. JMUBanayag SECTION III – FARM ENVIRONMENT (Soil)
- 33. • Animals should not be allowed into or kept in all cultivated areas, growing houses, storage rooms and packaging rooms. Animal proof and adequate pest control measures should also be implemented. • Packaging area/shed must be cleaned with appropriate cleaning schedules and procedures. • Toilets must be provided for the farm workers and must be properly maintained. JMUBanayag SECTION IV – FARM MAINTENANCE
- 34. • Planting materials used should be free of disease. • It is also a good practice that sources of planting materials are properly recorded. JMUBanayag SECTION V – FARMING PRACTICES (Use of Planting Material)
- 35. • Careful selection of planting materials – Should be disease-free • Source of planting material – Accredited nurseries and Certified planting materials • If planting material is produced in the farm – Record of seed treatments as well as of stock plants – Ensure workers safety during seed treatment GAP for planting material selection JMUBanayag Planting Material Selection
- 36. • Seed Storage – Segregation of seed batches (species, variety) to prevent batch contamination. • Seed disposal – Organize the seed plant processes to minimize discarded seed. – Do not feed treated seeds to animals, game or humans. • Recording – Source of seed – Procurement date – Best before date – Treatment (s) GAP for planting material selection JMUBanayag Planting Material Selection
- 37. 1. Planting material is free of visible signs of pests and diseases 2. Documentation that guarantees freedom from diseases. Record of seed treatments as well as of stock plants 3. Planting Materials are from accredited nurseries and Certified planting materials 4. Guarantee of true-to-type nature of the variety (asexually propagated) JMUBanayag Quality guaranteed if…
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- 41. - Select seeds that can adapt to the soil of the field - Select improved seeds and resistant to the most frequent diseases according to the recommendations of the technician. JMUBanayag Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 42. - Wastes: install rubbish bins in strategic zones of the field and throw the rubbish in them once the working day is over - Density: sow at an adequate distance JMUBanayag Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 43. - Use clean tools and disinfected - Transplant: select healthy seedlings and discard the feeble ones or with signs of disease JMUBanayag Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 44. Protection of crops -Seedbeds: protect them from the sun and heavy rains -Greenhouses: regard measures to obtain a good control of temperature and humidity -Ventilation: control temperatures, humidity and wind considering the season of the year and needs of the crop. JMUBanayag Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 45. 4.3.1 Recommended soil conservation measures such as: minimum tillage, contour planting, crop rotation, etc. should be integrated in the crop production practices in order to improve or maintain the soil structure and tilth, and minimize soil compaction and erosion. JMUBanayag 4.3 Soil and Soil Conservation
- 46. - Analyze the type of soil and its depth for good growth of the roots. - Consider the slope of the field where the planting will be done. JMUBanayag How must the soil be prepared? Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 47. - Perform the minimum possible tilling. - Avoid soil erosion and compression. JMUBanayag Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 48. • 4.4.1 The farm should apply fertilizers based on the quantitative information on soil nutrient based on soil analysis or leaf or sap analysis. • 4.4.2 Only duly registered fertilizers (inorganic and bio/organic) should be used. JMUBanayag 4.4 Fertilizers and soil additives
- 49. - Consult with the technician to see if it is necessary to apply chemical fertilizers or if it is possible to use only organic manure - Consult with the technician to know what fertilizer and what quantity is recommended for your crop JMUBanayag What fertilizer should I use and in what quantity? Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 50. - Write down the applications of fertilizers being done -Apply only the dose required as per recommendations -Do not apply more than is necessary to avoid contamination of waters and soils JMUBanayag Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 51. -A special place should be constructed at the field to store fertilizers -Fertilizers should be duly separated and isolated from seeds, forage, harvested products, and agro-chemicals -This place must be: locked, secure, cool, and ventilated -Signpost the place with the following posters: “RISK”, “POISON”, “NO SMOKING”, “NO DRINKING”, “NO EATING”, “DO NOT TOUCH” -The place must be out of reach for children and animals Pagina38 Agro-chemicalsFertilizersFertilizers smoking drinking JMUBanayag How and where should I keep fertilizers? Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 52. -Analyze if it is possible to use manure of animal or plant origin in your field -Remember that the wrong use of manure is one of the main sources of contamination What type of manureshould I apply and how should I do it? -Use only stabilized manure -Use only manure with a previous composting treatment JMUBanayag How should organic manure be used? Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 53. - Always apply organic manure before planting the crops Date:..... Name of producer:..... Worker:..... Origin:..... Type of treatment:..... Place of application:..... Amount of applications:..... - Write down the applications being done JMUBanayag Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 54. -Manure should be prepared in places far away from the crop area -Manure should be prepared in places far away from water sources and lands subject to floods JMUBanayag Where should I prepare organic manure? Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 55. • 4.4.12 The utilization of inorganic fertilizer should observe First-In First-Out practice (FIFO). JMUBanayag For the storage of fertilizer materials
- 56. Source of irrigation water • 4.5.1 Water sources should be assessed from time to time for microbial and chemical quality and suitability for intended use. • 4.5.2 The risk of chemical or biological contamination of produce from the water used for irrigation, fertigation, application of chemicals, washing, treatments, cleaning, sanitation and other forms of handling the produce should be assessed. JMUBanayag 4.5 Water
- 57. • The topography of the landscape must be identified and its effect on water flow and rainfall pattern must be studied. • Pond water used for agricultural purposes must be of good quality. – Pond must not contain litter or weeds – Animals, except fish, must be kept away from the pond – Direct runoff from cultivation areas and sewage water should not get into the pond JMUBanayag
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- 61. Water from irrigation canalJMUBanayag
- 62. - Analyze the water of the field at least once a year to see if it is contaminated - Use the required amount of water for savings and care of the crop JMUBanayag How can water be used and managed? Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 63. - Do not perform applications and agro-chemical preparations near the water sources Pag25 - Avoid the entry of animals to the water sources of the field JMUBanayag Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 64. - The use of irrigation may increase the amount of production Pag26 - Identify the water sources used for irrigation and verify that they are not contaminated. Remember! - Sewage waters must never be used for irrigation, nor be given to drink to the family or animals. JMUBanayag How must water and irrigation be used? Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 65. - Protect water tanks and irrigation channels from animals, birds, etc. (If water is contaminated your family and workers may get sick and the food stuff may contaminate making you loose sales). - Keep channels where water flows free of rubbish JMUBanayag Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 66. - An incorrect use of water may damage the quality of the crop, hence it is necessary to program the use of irrigation. -Use always the irrigation method recommended for your crop -Regard the water requirements of the crop (do not irrigate in excess) JMUBanayag Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 67. - If there is no potable water then it must be treated -The plot should count with potable water for drinking and to wash hands and body -Avoid still waters in empty containers or old tires -Still waters are a source of mosquitoes and other animals which affect health JMUBanayag Water for the family and workers Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 68. – Dosage of pesticides, time and frequency of pesticide application must follow according to the recommendations on the manufacturers label or as directed according to a plant health specialist. – Pesticide operators must be familiar with all aspects on the safe use and application of pesticides. – Pesticide must always be clearly labeled and stored in original container and under lock and key. JMUBanayag SECTION V – FARMING PRACTICES (Use of Pesticides)
- 69. STEP ONE: Mixed population to start with Repeated spraying, lack of insecticide rotation Huge reproductive capacity & short life cycle R R R R S S S S SS S S JMUBanayag INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE: How Does it Occur?
- 70. STEP TWO: susceptible individuals are killed. R R R R S S S S SS S S JMUBanayag INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE: How Does it Occur?
- 71. STEP THREE: resistant individuals reproduce giving rise to a resistant strain within the species. R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R JMUBanayag INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE: How Does it Occur?
- 72. • Warning sign must be displayed at the storage area. • Storage area must be isolated from packing areas to prevent contamination from leaching, runoff or wind drift. • Good pesticide storage practice should be adhered to, including ensuring that the store has facilities to clean up spills and putting out flames. JMUBanayag SECTION V – FARMING PRACTICES (Use of Pesticides) cont.
- 73. • Disposal of pesticides and pesticides containers and residues must be done according to instructions included on the manufacturers label or in accordance to Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority (FPA) regulation. • No recycling of empty pesticide container for other usage. – Records of purchase, application and disposal (log records, procedures, or instruction manual) of the pesticides must be kept and produced during farm audit. – Spraying equipment must be well maintained to ensure that the equipment operates at the optimum condition so that right application rates are delivered and unnecessary leakage avoided. JMUBanayag SECTION V – FARMING PRACTICES (Use of Pesticides) cont.
- 74. – Re-entry interval after pesticides are sprayed should be observed. – Operators must be trained on proper pesticide usage. They should be continually trained to operate and maintain equipment for effective spraying. – Pesticides should not be stored for more than a year before using. – Good quality water should be used for mixing and applying pesticides to minimize the risk of microbial contamination of produce. – Withholding periods or pre-harvest intervals must be strictly observed. – Cocktails of pesticides must be avoided unless advised by manufacturers recommendation or are inherent in a formulation. JMUBanayag SECTION V – FARMING PRACTICES (Use of Pesticides) cont.
- 75. • A pest and disease management program must be put in place taking into account historical data, trends and current conditions. • The pest and disease monitoring system should be able to anticipate pest problems so that preventive measures can be taken. • Any disease or pest detected should be closely monitored for progress. Control measures or IPM strategy should be implemented once the threshold for the specific problem is breached. JMUBanayag SECTION V – FARMING PRACTICES (Pesticide and Disease Management)
- 76. - Recognize the type of weeds, pests and diseases affecting your crop - Analyze if it is possible to apply a biological control instead of a chemical one JMUBanayag How must agro-chemicals be used? Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 77. Agro-chemicals -Consult a technician to know what agro-chemicals are recommended to be used in accordance with your crop and the type of weeds and diseases affecting it -The agro-chemicals you use must be admitted, that is, they must be registered -Expired agro-chemicals or in bad state should not be used (verify due date) JMUBanayag Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 78. - Children, pregnant women and old age people must not be near the area where agro-chemicals are applied - Once the application is over, the worker should have a shower and wash the protection elements Waterproof suit Face mask Rubber boots Elements: Protection lenses Rubber gloves JMUBanayag What elements should I use to protect myself? Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 80. -Respect waiting time for each application -Do not enter into the plantation immediately after the application -Apply the needed proportion of agro- chemicals according to the recommendation of the technician -Periodical observation of the crops for timely detection of any problem - Write down the applications of agro- chemicals that are being done Calender Application harvest Treated crop JMUBanayag How should I apply agro-chemicals? Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 81. -A special construction should be made at the field to store agro-chemicals -When small amounts are stored, use a sealed boxaway from the house -The place should be out of reach for the children and animals -This place should be locked, secure and ventilated -Highlight the place with the following posters “WARNING”, “POISON”, “NO SMOKING”, “NO DRINKING”, “NO EATING”, “DO NOT TOUCH” - Agro-chemicals must be duly separated and isolated from the seeds, forage, harvested products, and fertilizersJMUBanayag How and where should I keep agro-chemicals? Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 82. Storage facilities for fertilizers and pesticides JMUBanayag
- 83. 1- Give them a triple wash. Do not mix wash waters with drinking and working waters 2- Break them or perforate them so as not to use them again 3- Keep them in close bags to deliver them to the reception centers of containers JMUBanayag What must I do with the empty containers? Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 84. • Harvesting must be rapid and must minimize damage and contamination (soil, compost, microbial pathogens, fertilizers or pesticides). • Harvested vegetables should be pre- cooled quickly (brought to the shade out of direct sunlight). • Vegetables that are commonly eaten raw, should undergo a washing. JMUBanayag SECTION V – FARMING PRACTICES (Harvesting)
- 85. • Washing facilities must be self-contained and under shelter from the weather elements. • Water used for washing: – Use only potable water for washing the vegetables – Frequent changed of washing water and/or – Disinfectants used, if needed, is based on the recommended dosage according the manufacturers label • Vegetables surfaces should be dry before packing. JMUBanayag SECTION V – FARMING PRACTICES (Harvesting)
- 86. In what conditions should the workers doing the harvesting be? - This stage is very important because food stuff may be contaminated!! - The harvesting staff must have clean hands, short nails, tied hair and no smoking nor drinking during the harvest - At the fruit trees no fruits should be collected from the ground JMUBanayag Which is the best way of harvesting? Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 87. -Carefully collect the products avoiding knocks -The fruits and vegetables harvested should be placed in clean containers (washed and new) without touching the ground -Do not use chemical and fertilizer containers to collect the harvest - The fruits and vegetables harvested must be placed under shadow and away from animals and the storage of chemicals and fertilizers JMUBanayag Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 88. • Packers must wash their hands before and after handling vegetables. • Packers must not smoke, drink or eat when packing the vegetables. They should wear rubber gloves and apron during packing operation. • Packing containers/crates must be raised on pallet to avoid contamination. • Packing room must be separated from toilet facilities and must be kept clean, tidy well ventilated and free of foul smells at all times. JMUBanayag SECTION V – FARMING PRACTICES (Packaging)
- 89. • Ensure that only clean vegetables are packed and dispatched. • All vegetables if retail packed, must be packed in clean, new single-use plastic bags. • Each pack must be clearly labeled with the farms name according to the labeling regulation and the certification Mark. Farm can pack vegetables produced from GAP-FV certified farms only but must have proper documentation to ensure traceability. JMUBanayag SECTION V – FARMING PRACTICES (Packaging)
- 90. • Storage facility must be sanitized and free from decaying plant waste and foul smell. • Vegetables should be stored in the cold room immediately after packing. • Cooling equipment must be cleaned and inspected frequently. • Maintenance of equipment and use of appropriate sanitary procedures is critical to assuring the safety of the produce. JMUBanayag SECTION V – FARMING PRACTICES (Cold Storage)
- 91. - Do not transport together with animals, fertilizers, or agro- chemicals -Transport food stuff in a clean transport vehicle, in good conditions and in compliance with transit regulations -Take care while loading food stuff - In case of using an open transport medium, the load must be covered to avoid the sun, dust and rain JMUBanayag How must the transport of food be done? Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 92. - The staff participating in loading and unloading must keep hygiene and cleanness the same as the rest of the workers - Register the type and amount of product loaded, the date, name of the worker or family member that made it and the name of the person driving the transport JMUBanayag Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 93. • The farm must identify a coordinator to deal with matters associated with GAP-FV certification. • All farm records required under the GAP-FV certification must be updated. • Updated records must be kept for up to two years. New farm applying for certification must have 3 months of farm records. • Copies of laboratory analysis and certificates that verify compliance with Department of Agriculture regulations must be filed. JMUBanayag SECTION VI – FARM MANAGEMENT (Farm records)
- 94. Advantages of the registry -Get a better knowledge of your field and crop -Save money in production -Identify where the problems, pests and diseases are located -Improve the quality of the product HarvestingTrading Sowing and pre-harvesting Application of agro-chemicals and fertilizers Irrigation - Registry must be done every day once the work is over (date of sowing, harvest, application of agro-chemicals, etc.) - Registries serve to keep track of the history of the product; hence they must be filed for at least three years. JMUBanayag What information must I register to have a better control of production? Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 95. Growers or packers should always update all relevant information on agricultural activities: site of production, supplier 'information on agricultural inputs, lot numbers of agricultural inputs, irrigation practices, use of agricultural chemicals, water quality data, pest conrol and cleaning schedules for indoor establishments, premises facilities, equipment and containers. JMUBanayag
- 96. - Registry of Income and Expenses: - Registry of the field • Name of the plot Location • Owner of the plot • Name of the technician or administrator Planted area • Type Variety used • Year of application Pag51 • Price and expenses in the purchase of the seed • Prices and expenses in the purchase of agro- chemicals and fertilizers • Expenses in equipment Expenses in salaries for workers Total expenses in planting • Total expenses in harvesting • Expenses in health for the family and workers Other expenses (food, dressing, transport, etc.) Income by the sale of the product • Income for work done outside the plot Other income • Selling price of the product JMUBanayag Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
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- 98. • Records of the following operations should be maintained for two (2) years to facilitate a food borne illness investigation and recall, if any: – Production – Processing – Distribution JMUBanayag Keep All Records
- 99. • Keep track • Keep your farming diary DAILY! JMUBanayag
- 100. Date Crop Variety Supplier Quantity obtained Location where planted JMUBanayag Planting Material Record
- 101. Date purchased Name of product Quantity Place of purchase Batch no. Manufacture/expi ry date Method and date of disposal JMUBanayag Chemical Inventory
- 102. Date/ time Block/ row Crop Stage/ target Dilution rate Application rate Equipment/m ethod rate PHI Comments/w eather conditions Operator JMUBanayag Spray Record
- 103. Date Crop/ variety Block/ row product supplier Application rate comments operator JMUBanayag Fertilizer & Soil Additives Record
- 104. Area/equipment cleaned Frequency Responsibility Method JMUBanayag Cleaning & Pest Control Plan
- 105. Crop/ variety Planting date Block ID Harvester/ packing date Batch code Quantity packed Destination or consignment no. comments JMUBanayag Harvesting & Packing record
- 106. Chemical Tank Size Tank Mixing Rate Application Method JMUBanayag Postharvest chemical record
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- 109. JMUBanayag All documents and records have to be filed on all levels.
- 110. Each package/bulk packed produce leaving the farm must be traceable (i.e tag with GAP-FV Certification Number or farms name, date of harvest) to farm/sources. Records of a lot number must be maintained for all produce leaving the farm. JMUBanayag SECTION VI – FARM MANAGEMENT (Traceability)
- 111. Sowing and pre-harvesting Amount of seed sown Amount of dose of agro-chemicals, fertilizers and/or manure applied by crop Date of application of agro- chemicals, fertilizers and/or manure Name of the agro-chemical/fertilizer and of who applied it Origin of the manure Name of the workers of the field Pest and disease being combated Harvest Date of the harvest Amount of product harvested Total amount of applications (agro-chemicals, fertilizers) up to the harvest Number of workers involved in the harvest Delivery Date of delivery Amount of product delivered Name of the plot (origin) Name of the buyer (destiny) Number of waybill Name of the carrier JMUBanayag Registry for keeping track or traceability: Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 113. Each production site is identified by a name or code. The name or code is placed on the site and recorded on a property map. The site name or code is recorded on all documents and records that refer to the site JMUBanayag Field Identification
- 115. This is better: Other opportunities Village or cluster maps highlighting all plots GIS based systems JMUBanayag Field Identification
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- 121. Staff training records must be maintained JMUBanayag SECTION VI – FARM MANAGEMENT (Staff Training)
- 122. - Study the market and seek information about prices -Have a meeting with the neighbors to know about prices and to whom they sell -Associate with the rest of the producers to obtain a better price JMUBanayag What must be taken into account at the moment of selling the product? Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 123. - Sell to someone you trust - Point out the better quality of the product - Make contracts with cooperatives, wholesalers and supermarkets to safeguard the sale JMUBanayag Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 124. - The consumer may recognize your product at the store or supermarket and by means of a label may be informed how it was produced - You can also sell in other markets obtaining better selling conditions - You can also sell in other markets obtaining better selling conditions JMUBanayag How does the buyer know that my product was processed with GAPs? Izquierdo, J., Rodriguez Fazzone, J., & Duran, M. (2007).
- 125. • GAP is voluntary; difficult to attain compliance; expensive for farms and processing plants to be accredited. • Lack of awareness about the benefits of having a quality and safety certification. • Lack of infrastructure, e.g, central data system, towards establishment of a national traceability system (like the ones in Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Thailand). • Consumers’ culture on quality and safety in food is still low. JMUBanayag Challenges of GAP implementation in the Philippines?
- 127. 1. Santiago A. Palizada, OIC-Chief, Crop Research & Production Support Division DA-Bureau of Plant Industry 692 San Andres Street, Malate, Manila, Philippines (Powerpoint Title: Overview of the Philippine Good Agricultural Practices (PhilGAP) Certification Program) 2. Juan Izquierdo, Ph.D. Senior Plant Production Officer. FAO, Latin America and the Caribbean 3. Marcos Rodriguez Fazzone, GAP Consultant, FAO, Latin America and the Caribbean 4. Marcela Duran, FAO Volunteer Programme. FAO, Latin America and the Caribbean. 5. Dr. Rhodel Maghirang 6. TWG of the Philippine GAP Program Special Order No. 73 s 2013 7. TWG for the Revision of Philippine Code of GAP for Fruits and Vegetable Farming Special Order No. 390 s 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS/ REFERENCES/ CREDITS JMUBanayag
- 128. 8. Santiago A. Palizada, Member National Inspector for GAP; DA- Bureau of Plant Industry 692 San Andres St., Malate Manila, Philippines (PowerPoint Title: Water) Trainers Training on GAP for Fruits and Vegetables 9. Edralina P. Serrano, PhD. ; Professor, Postharvest and Seed Sciences Division, Crop Science Cluster, CA, University of the Philippines Los Baños (PowerPoint Title: GAP- Principles) 10. Edralina P. Serrano-Professor,Postharvest and Seed Sciences Division, Crop Science Cluster, CA, University of the Philippines Los Baños (Presentation Title: Global Forces that Drive Governments to Implement Quality Assurance Programs (e.g GAP)) 11. Cornell University – Department of Food Science. 2013. GAP network for education and training. Retrieved at http://www.gaps.cornell.edu/indexhighspeed.html 12. DA-BAFPS. 2008. PowerPoint presentation on GAP inspection checklist. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS/ REFERENCES/ CREDITS JMUBanayag
- 129. 13. DA-BAFPS. 2011. PNS/BAFPS 49:2011- Code of GAP for fruits and vegetable farming. http://bafps.da.gov.ph 14. Efreshindia. 2010. GAP – Part 1 and 2. Retrieved at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sUPWhsjcrLc 15. EUREPGAP c/o FoodPlus GmbH. 2004. EUREPGAP control points and compliance criteria fruits and vegetable version 2.1 – Oct04 16. Maghirang, Rodel G. 2009. Presentation on GAP Training – Water at DA-BPI,Malate, Manila. 17. NCMarketReady1. 2010. From farm to table: GAPs. Retrieved at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0MjIchGGo9k 18. WHO. 1989. Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater and excreta in agriculture and aquaculture. 19. ASEAN Secretariat 2006. GAP for production of fresh fruits and vegetables in the ASEAN Region. Cardno Acil/RMIT International/ Australian Government AusAid ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS/ REFERENCES/ CREDITS JMUBanayag
- 130. 20. Codex Alimentarius Commission. 2003. Code of hygienic practice for fresh fruits and vegetables (CAC/RCP 53-2003). 21. Izquierdo, J., J. Rodriguez Fazzone, and M. Duran. "Guidelines good agricultural practices for family agriculture." (2007) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS/ REFERENCES/ CREDITS JMUBanayag
- 131. • The content provided in this presentation is for information/ educational purpose only and not for commercial use. The author or the owner of the content makes no representatives as the accuracy or completeness of any information provided in this slide/ presentation. The owner will also not be liable for any errors or omissions in the information nor the availability of this information. The author or the owner will also not be liable for any damages or losses from the display or use of this information. DISCLAIMER JMUBanayag