Good governance(roma 2)
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The document discusses the evolution of concepts in public management from bureaucratic systems to new public management to current good governance principles. It outlines the shortcomings of traditional bureaucracy and welfare states that led to new public management focused on efficiency. However, this created dissatisfaction by cutting social programs. Good governance emerged as a new synthesis, seeking sustainable growth, efficient public sectors that also satisfy citizens and promote social welfare through principles like transparency, accountability and citizen participation. The document argues good governance has now become a global standard for modern public administration.
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Good governance(roma 2)
- 1. 1 GOOD GOVERNANCE CONCEPT, POLICY, PRACTICE WITHOUT BOUNDARIES Prof.George Manliev , Bulgaria
- 2. 2 Main questions Good governance as a concept Principles Main policy aspects Practical implementation Good governance - imperative for sustainable growth and welfare in global world
- 3. The collapse of welfare state and Bureaucratic Public Management Traditional bureacratic public management: shortcomings in changing world:monopoly power; rent seeking politicians and bureaucrats; inefficient government and public sector programmes/activities 3 The welfare state was collapsed because governments were engaged two much with social problems and re-distribution of GNP. Government (Leviatan) reguired more taxes, more debt and more expenditures without reaching welfare for all ! The mission was impossible ! As a result : A) new economic and political consencus: first-growth and personal welfare, second –social welfare through government redistribution and social programmes. B) dichotomy faced: efficient private and inefficient public sector in 70-80 ies. It creates great pressure for changes The emergence of New Public Management(NPM) concept-mixture of market approach practices from many countries (late 80-ies)
- 4. The NPM as concept and policy Main goals of the NPM –increase efficiency in all government activities (value for taxpayers money) NPM model: squeezing the size of government, privatazing government enterprizes; transfering the supply of public goods to private companies; introducing competition where it is possible;learning from the management of mature large companies(str.management,change,HRM, perf.app-l) NPM-became dominant political philosophy for government 4 management during 90-ies Positive outputs: government institutions really became more efficient !The companies got more space for market adjustment(deregulation).Incresing part of public services have been delivered by private companies;Citizens matter more!Government management became more professional Negative outputs: public institutions became more commercilized ! Many people suffered from cutting social programes;The bureaucrats kept their rents; PPP create some corruption practices ;NGO-s were not real partners; General impression- market driven changes contributed for more efficiency, but created dissatisfaction for many social groups (Pareto inefficiency) Main lesson: The gap between governments and citizens did not bridge ! People were not satisfied from management of their governments
- 5. The change of concept : Re-inventing government In searching the more adequate profile: governments reject the bureuacracy,but also the market ,as a main driving force for public sector management D.Osburn, T.Gaebler: Re-inventing government(1992) –the book which challenged and changed the understanding of modern government Re-thinking the old questions: what government should do, how and for whom ? The debate is not for large or small state, but for a bad or good management of government ! Good government requires good governance.It is a managerial approach, aimed to reach efficiency, sustainable growth and better satisfaction of citizens needs Good governance combines short and medium term policy : A) more cares and investments for solving the current needs of societies (job, education, health) , but also B) coping with common society challenges (lack of resources, ageing population, pollution, climate changes, quality of life, intensive migration and so on) Good governance adjust country development towards the 5 changing world: dynamic technological advance, openess of markets, global competition, higher citizens expectations for better life
- 6. Re-inventing government: 6 new roles Catalytic government: steering(policy and regulation) rather than rowing (service delivery) ; Community-owned government: empowering rather than serving ; Competitive government: injecting competition into service delivery ; Mission-driven government: transformimg rule-driven organizations ; Result-oriented government: meeting the needs of the customer, not the bureaucracy ; Enterprizing Government: earning rather than spending Anticipatory government: prevention rather than cure Decentralized government: from hierarchy to participation and teamwork ; Market-oriented government: leveraging change through the market ; Good government- combination of all these new roles Government vs market: the old dilemma in new light: government as a driving force for society changes, including new opportunities for people participation in social life and competitive business development !
- 7. From concept to policy: principles of good governance Rule of the law Openess and transperancy Efficiency: results should reflect mission and goals? Efectiveness: inputs/outputs Citizens as a clients of government Accountability (how we used taxpayers money) Predictability and reliability Partnership with concerned parties Coherency in all government actions Principles are drawn from good practices (evidence 7 based !) Principles are guiding rules and benchmarks for good governance for all over the world (compare UK with Italy, Bulgaria or Romania !)
- 8. Good governance : main policy aspects Strategic management: mission, vision, strategy, 8 action plans,innovations and changes Government organizational structure, based on the principle-agent model(clear roles of all institutions) Bulding up capacity to manage according to the principles( the new vision for public administration) Professional policy making(pubcons,imp.assessment) Improvement of regulatory policies for business development (OECD book: Regulatory governance, 2002, www.oecd.org) Better administrative services for citizens Public-private partnership(scenario win-win) Human resource management E-management (centre for-eGovernment.com; www2.unpan.org) Innovations,identification and dissemination of good practices (www.benchmarking.gov.uk)
- 9. From concept to practice How principles of good governance can become practice in short and medium term government actions: A) set up legal rules and compulsory enforcement for all government actions(centralized approach) B) launch innovations ,decribe good practices and disseminate among others(decentralized approach) Botn options are workable, depends from the national culture of politicians and bureaucrats,as well as NGO-s development;recommended way: start with voluntary approach and create legal base for all(expl. Internet site! International dimensions: learn the best practices from advanced countries: UK,USA, Danmark,Estonia and others ! 9 Key factors for success: A) Political decisiveness for changes: require educated and inteligent politicians B) Professional,not politically manipulated, administration C) Dialog and consultations with businesses and NGOs Always feedback from partners! E) Active role of other stakeholders : voters, political parties in oppositions, NGO-s , pressure of civil society members !(Galbraith countervailing power)
- 10. Good governance-tool for growth and welfare in global world Good governance- now it is a dominant policy and practice in developed democratic countries Good governance role : though education, better business regulation and rational social policy, to contribute for sustainable economic growth and social welfare of citizens ! Good governance : it is not fashion, it is an efective tool to manage country development and to serve citizens in best way ! Good governance in a global context: it is a concept, 10 policy and practice without boundaries ! Specific experience-China, introduce almost the same concept and policy : the role of government-to create harmomious society ! Adjustment of global concept to local Chinese conditions and development plans !
- 11. Good governance in global 11 context UN ,The Department of Economic and Social Affairs , Division for Public Administration and Development Management Making public administration and governance more responsive to the needs of citizens is one of the most important aims of the United Nations’ “Reinventing Government” programme ! Every 2 years: Global Forum on Reinventing Government ; international gathering of policy makers and experts;The forum is worldwide laboratory for sharing new ideas and policy development The 7th Global forum ,June 2007,Vienna: dealing with strengthening trust, accountability and participation in government so that it can serve citizens more effectively, efficiently and responsively. www.un.org(Division for Public Administration and Development Management-global forum)
- 12. Public management: evolutions and changes The old public management – bureacratic style, ineffective management 12 ↓ The new public management: market-driven approach, effective management, social disappointments ↓ Good governance: new syntesis and maturity - aimed to reach sustainable growth and public sector efficiency , as well as citizens satisfaction and social welfare
- 13. 13 Conclusions The new, rational social ideas and concepts have led to innovative changes in government policies ; Global impact: when new practices testified its efficiency, they became guidelines for changes in other countries ; The Good Governance as a policy options is based on the concept for re-inventing government,real policy changes and number of good practices in most developed countries (UK, USA, Danmark,Nl and etc) From the begining of 21 century we have intensive dissemination of good governance principles and practices all over the world ! Today, there is almost full concensus among social stakeholders: modern public management requires implementation of good governance principles Good goivernance is a policy approach aimed to increase public sector efficiency and citizens satisfaction from having responsible and commited government. Good governance in global context: require learning and sharing knowledge and practices among scientists, policymakers, practioners,NGO-s from many countries The role of youth meetings like this: learning today, implement tomorrow!
- 14. Thank you for your 14 attention ! Prof.George Manliev Bulgaria Technical University , Faculty of Management [email protected]