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Government Linked Data: A Tipping Point for the Semantic Web
- 1. Government Linked Data:A Tipping Point for the Semantic Web Professor Nigel Shadbolt FREng Public Sector Transparency Board Chair CLG Local Public Data Panel ISKO, 14th September 2010 Nigel Shadbolt
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- 5. Much Simpler The fourmicro principles of the Semantic Web 1. All entities of interest, such as information resources, real-world objects, and vocabulary terms should be identified by URI references. 2. URI references should be dereferenceable, meaning that an application can look up a URI over the HTTP protocol and retrieve RDF data about the identified resource. 3. Data should be provided using the RDF/ XML syntax. 4. Data should be interlinked with other data.
- 6. Linked Data onthe Web: May 2007
- 7. Linked Data onthe Web: April 2008
- 8. Linked Data onthe Web: July 2009 Music Online Activities Publications General Geographic Richard Cyganiak Life Science Open Linked Data on the Web: July 2009! Billions of triples and hundreds of millions of links!
- 9. The Shape ofLinked Data • Micro principles to macro phenomena • Shape and structure • Scale free • Preferential attachment • Communities • Values and obligations • Incentives
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- 11. Introduction • Open GovernmentData is creating waves • Governments, local authorities, cities, organizations, individuals - all releasing data • Tim Berners-Lee and myself appointed 9th June 2009 and set about creating data.gov.uk • Reappointed Public Sector Transparency Board June 2010
- 12. The Power ofOpen Data Cholera Bicycling traffic cases accidents
- 13. The Power ofOpen Data Port-au-Prince 12 Jan 2010
- 14. The Power ofOpen Data Port-au-Prince ≅ 25 Jan 2010
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- 16. to this… in13 days
- 17. Accomplishments • data.gov.uk itself(now with almost 4000 datasets) – Open source and open standards – Key data sets released inc OS OpenData, COINS etc. • a new open licence for Crown Copyright information • overcoming the many objections to transparency of data • community of data users and developers who hold the teams to account • political and technical leadership
- 18. Coalition Government’s Commitments • Prime Minister’s letter to Ministers on Transparency and Open Data - established Public Sector Transparency Board • Creating a powerful new right to government data, enabling the public to request and receive government datasets • Publishing data in open and standardised formats • Transforming the culture of the public sector to one that presumes datasets should be open and shared with the public on an ongoing basis. • Bringing in new measures to enable to public to scrutinise the government's accounts • Requiring public bodies to publish online job titles, salaries and expenses of senior staff • Publishing in full government contracts for good and services worth over £25,000 …
- 19. Public Data "PublicData" is the objective, factual, non- personal data on which public services run and are assessed, and on which policy decisions are based, or which is collected or generated in the course of public service delivery. 19
- 20. Public Data Principles • Public data policy and practice will be clearly driven by the public and businesses who want and use the data, including what data is released when and in what form • Public data will be published in reusable, machine-readable form • Public data will be released under the same open licence which enables free reuse, including commercial reuse • Public data will be available and easy to find through a single easy to use online access point (data.gov.uk) • Public data will be published using open standards, and following relevant recommendations of the World Wide Web Consortium
- 21. Public Data Principles • Public data underlying the Government’s own websites will be published in reusable form for others to use • Public data will be timely and fine grained • Release data quickly, and then re-publish it in linked data form • Public data will be freely available to use in any lawful way • Public bodies should actively encourage the re-use of their public data • Public bodies should maintain and publish inventories of their data holdings
- 22. Early examples ofOGD - ASBOrometer
- 23. Early examples ofOGD – NHS dentists
- 24. Power of OGD– Location…
- 25. The Power ofOGD – Spending…
- 26. The Power ofOGD – Publish it…and the apps flow
- 27. Local Government Data • New items of Local government spending over £500 – council by council from Jan 2011 27
- 28. Local Government Data • New items of Local government spending over £500 – council by council from Jan 2011 28
- 29. Local Government Data • “Greater openness in spending is the best way to root out waste, spot duplication and increase value for money.” 29
- 30. And more tocome… • New local government contracts and tender documents for expenditure over £500 to be published in full from Jan 2011 • …information on senior salaries, names and job descriptions, councillor allowances and expenses, minutes and papers of council meetings, job vacancies that will enable people to see why council wage bills are so high and how many of the positions are for key local services frontline service data - including rubbish and recycling rates, council tax collection rates and detail of major planned projects data such as food hygiene reports for food outlets - information which is routinely collected and of interest to residents, but not currently shared in an easily accessible format • Crime data to be published at a level that allows the public to see what is happening on their streets from Jan 2011
- 31. Data Publishing –Star Quality ★ Put your data on the Web (any format) ★★ Make it available as structured data (e.g. Excel, CSV, instead of PDF) ★★★ Use open, standard formats (e.g. XML, RDF) ★★★★ Use URLs to identify things (so people and machines can point at your data) ★★★★★ Link your data to other people’s data 31
- 32. Why 5★ LinkedData? • National digital infrastructure being built • URIs for schools, roads, bus stops, post codes, admin boundaries... • Some of the data links across and connects other data together • Key data link points exist
- 33. Why 5★ LinkedData? • National digital infrastructure being built • URIs for schools, roads, bus stops, post codes, admin boundaries... • Some of the data links across and connects other data together • Key data link points exist
- 34. Joining up thedots… http://map.psi.enakting.org/how
- 35. Joining up thedots… http://map.psi.backlinks.org/
- 36. Joining up thedots – UK Linked Data http://myarea.psi.enakting.org/
- 37. Global Linked Data Thisapplication presents a mashup of foreign aid data (represented in US Dollars) from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and UK Department for International Development (DFID) for the 2007 US Fiscal Year. Users may retrieve foreign aid data for specific countries by clicking on a provided world map (shaded based on total combined contributions for USAID and DFID). Upon clicking on a desired country, three kinds of information are presented: Aid Figures, New York Times news, and wikipedia description. http://data-gov.tw.rpi.edu/demo/linked/ aidviz-1554-10030.html
- 38. Global Linked Data Thisdemo uses data from Dataset 311 on crime in the United States, census.gov and UK recorded crime.It shows available information on crimes in cities grouped by US countries and UK Territorial Police area.
- 39. Global Linked Data– Just Beginning • A spirit of competition and collaboration • Contacts with US, EU etc • Beginning to compare and contrast the catalogues
- 40. Oh no youcan’t… Loss of licensing revenue National security Loss of control Complexity Legal challenges Investment Exposure Capacity building required Procedural changes Authenticity and quality Privacy Customer service 40
- 41. Oh yes wecan… More transparency More economic/social capital what is going on? generates opportunities More accountability More engagement and is this acceptable? we can extend and improve More localism More argument because it matters to me, data for evidenced based my family, my locale policy 41