Gravitational waves
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This document provides an overview of gravitational waves. It begins by explaining that Einstein's theory of general relativity predicted gravitational waves: ripples in spacetime created by accelerating massive objects. The document then discusses the sources of gravitational waves, including black holes and neutron stars, and the different types of gravitational waves they can produce. It describes how the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detects gravitational waves using interferometers, which measure interference patterns to study passing gravitational waves. Finally, it discusses why detecting gravitational waves can provide new insights into the universe and mentions plans to build the LIGO-India detector through a collaboration between US and Indian institutions.
Gravitational waves
- 1. Gravitational waves A PRESENTATION ON Submitted by NAME : NAVEEN YADAV ROLL NO : 12EBKEE063 1
- 2. CONTENTS • Introduction • What are gravitational waves • Sources and types of gravitational waves • Types of gravitational waves • Detection of Gravitational waves • What is interferometer • Why to detect gravitational waves • LIGO-India: A Planned Joint India-US Detector • References 2
- 3. Introduction It all started with Einstein theory of general relativity, which predicted the existence of gravitational waves in space time. Einstein theory stated that objects cause the fabric of space- time around them to curve. Moving objects should therefore create ripples in space-time. It predicted that the more massive the object, the larger the gravitational waves it would create. 3
- 4. What are gravitational waves Gravitational waves are ripples in the curvature of space time, generated in certain gravitational interactions and travelling outward from their source. 4
- 5. Sourcesand types of gravitationalwaves Any object with mass that accelerates (which in science means changes position at a variable rate, and includes spinning and orbiting objects) produces gravitational waves, including humans and cars and airplanes etc. The Universe is filled with incredibly massive objects that undergo rapid accelerations (things like black holes, neutron stars, and stars at the ends of their lives)., the gravitational waves produced by these massive objects can be detected. . 5
- 6. Types of gravitational waves In order to understand the types of gravitational waves these objects may produce, LIGO scientists have defined four categories of gravitational waves, they are: 1. Continuous Gravitational Waves Produced by a single spinning massive object, like an extremely dense star called a neutron star. 2. Compact Binary Inspiral Gravitational Waves Produced by orbiting pairs of massive and dense (hence "compact") objects like white dwarf stars, black holes, and neutron stars. 3. Stochastic Gravitational Waves 4. Burst Gravitational Waves 6
- 7. Detectionof Gravitationalwaves Gravitational waves were detected on 11th Feb. of this year. Detection of gravitational waves has been carried out successfully by LIGO. LIGO stands for Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory. It is the world's largest gravitational wave observatory and a cutting edge physics experiment. 7 Aerial views showing the locations and extents of the LIGO Hanford and LIGO Livingston interferometers.
- 9. What is interferometer Interferometers are investigative tools used in many fields of science and engineering. They are called interferometers because they work by merging two or more sources of light to create an interference pattern, which can be measured and analyzed; hence "Interfere-ometer". The interference patterns generated by interferometers contain information about the object or phenomenon being studied. 9
- 10. Why to detect gravitational waves • Gives us a newer meaning of universe • Opens up a new window to study of universe • Gravitational waves are not electromagnetic radiation. They are a completely different phenomenon, carrying information about cosmic objects and events that is not carried by electromagnetic radiation • Colliding black holes, for example, emit little or no electromagnetic radiation, but the gravitational waves they emit will carry information of them • A better understanding of space time 10
- 11. LIGO-India:A PlannedJointIndia-USDetector LIGO India is a collaboration between the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) Laboratory (operated by Caltech and MIT) and three Institutes in India – the Raja Ramanna Center for Advanced Technology (Indore), the Institute for Plasma Research (Ahmedabad), and the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (Pune). These three institutions bring the complementary skills and resources needed the success of the project. 11
- 12. References • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LIGO • https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/ligo-india • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferometry • https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/study-work • https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/mission • https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/news/ligo20160404 12
- 13. Thank you!!! 13