![1. Transforming PDS
- Aadhar & Entitlement
Check
- Sex Disaggregated Data?
- Reduction in the
allocation of foodgrains
- Aadhar & Entitlement
Check
- Sex Disaggregated Data?
- Reduction in the
allocation of foodgrains
http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx
?relid=157984
Current Focus of
the Government
End-to-end
Computerization of
TPDS Operations
Scheme
Enable correct
identification of
beneficiaries,
Timely availability of
food grains to intended
beneficiaries at Fair Price
Shops
2.33 crore Ration Cards
deleted during 2013 & 2016
[upto 15-11-2016]
2.33 crore Ration Cards
deleted during 2013 & 2016
[upto 15-11-2016]
Is GPS tracking enough
to ensure timely
availability?
Is GPS tracking enough
to ensure timely
availability?
SHG run
FPS/women
friendly
Licensing
mechanism
SHG run
FPS/women
friendly
Licensing
mechanism](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/grbpresentationforwfp8jan2018-180111062449/75/GRB-in-Food-Security-16-2048.jpg)
![• https://www.kit.nl/grf/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/Factsheet-
Gender-Mainstreaming-in-Food-Security.pdf
• Implementing National Food Security Act in India: issues and challenges (PDF
Download Available). Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276884397_Implementing_Nati
onal_Food_Security_Act_in_India_issues_and_challenges [accessed Jan 07
2018].](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/grbpresentationforwfp8jan2018-180111062449/75/GRB-in-Food-Security-32-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byParamita Majumdar (Ph.D)
GRB in Food Security
This document discusses gender responsive budgeting (GRB) and food security in India. It provides context on the number of people affected by hunger and malnutrition in India, disproportionately impacting women and girls. It then discusses two focus areas for applying GRB to food security - transforming the public distribution system (PDS) and addressing hidden hunger through food fortification. Key challenges are outlined, such as ensuring vulnerable groups have access to PDS, monitoring fortification compliance, and building awareness and capacity around fortification programs.
More Related Content
Similar to GRB in Food Security
GRB in Food Security
- 1. GRB in FoodSecurity Dr. Paramita Majumdar 8th January 2018 New Delhi
- 2. NOTE This ppt wasprepared for a session at WFP. Hence its scope is limited to the focus areas of WFP only and is not a comprehensive presentation on GRB and food security NOTE This ppt was prepared for a session at WFP. Hence its scope is limited to the focus areas of WFP only and is not a comprehensive presentation on GRB and food security
- 4. What is thefocus of our Policies in terms of Gender Equality ?
- 5. Contextualising… Yes/No 1 WFP inits work systematically includes both women’s and men’s concerns, experiences and needs 2 Gender perspective is normal within WFP as an organization 3 To include gender perspective, special units are set up within WFP
- 6. Identifying ….. 01/11/18 6 TPDS– Almost Universal distribution irrespective of gender, caste, religion - EQUALITY TPDS – What about vulnerable categories, e.g. widows, trafficked, FHHs – What needs to be done?
- 7. 01/11/18 7 process productprocess product process product policy formulation policy statement budget compilation budget expenditure on activities outcomes revenue collection GRB - From Policy to Outcomes Policy appraisal (Gender appraisal) Audit (Gender Audit) Budget appraisal (Gender budgeting)
- 8. Mandate of PDS •PDS – food security system for the poor people - a means of dealing with nutritional deficiency • Administered by the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution. • Central government - procurement, storage, transportation, and bulk allocation of food grains, • State governments responsibility - distributing the same to the consumers through the established network of approximately 5 lakh Fair Price Shops. • Major commodities distributed include wheat, rice, sugar, and kerosene.
- 9. Tools for DeepeningGRB Programmatic Dimensions Organisational Dimensions 1. Situational Analysis 2. Policy Analysis including program design, guidelines and framework of implementation 3. Budgetary Allocations & Expenditure 4. Monitoring 5. Impact Analysis / Evaluation 1. Organisational Culture – (Mechanisms/Practices/Attitudes ) 2. Gender Policy & Staffing 3. Resources spent on gender mainstreaming e.g. Capacity Building 4. Gender sensitive products and services (infrastructure) 5. Advocacy, and communication strategy 01/11/18 9
- 10. Entry Point Tools 01/11/1810 Budget Call Circular Gender Budget Statement Pre-Budget Consultations Program Guidelines Monitoring Reports Staff & Fund Flow Performance monitoring Gender Disaggregated data Using Gender Sensitive Checklist Outcome Budget Performance Audit Parliamentary Standing Committee Budget Cycle (ii) Budget Decision making (i) Budget Planning
- 11. Integrating Gender inBudget Process 01/11/18 11
- 12.
- 13. Why focus onGender and food security? Number of people affected by hunger and malnutrition is still unacceptably high with disproporti onate impacts on women and girls Number of people affected by hunger and malnutrition is still unacceptably high with disproporti onate impacts on women and girls 190.7 million people (14.5%) undernourished 51.4% of women (15 to 49 years) anaemic The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World, 2017 India ranks (31.4) 100 out of 119 countries - Global Hunger Index 2017 60-80% of all farming work done by women Only 13% of women own the land they work on 23% women & 20% men are undernourished Certain socioeconomic groups or HHs are more at risk than others, e.g. HHs with fixed or low incomes, HHs with a high dependency ratio (large families with few earning members); and female-headed HHs (widows, separated, deserted or abandoned)present a high dependency ratio
- 14. Understanding the 4pillars of food security https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/123456789/5245/IDS_Bridge_Food_Security_Report_Online.pdf Linked to global trade Linked to global trade Women as producers recognised Women as producers recognised •Access to land, water & credit •Unpaid labour /Decision making •GBV 60% of the under nourished are girls and women globally 60% of the under nourished are girls and women globally Through TPDS Supply side Demand Side
- 15.
- 16. 1. Transforming PDS -Aadhar & Entitlement Check - Sex Disaggregated Data? - Reduction in the allocation of foodgrains - Aadhar & Entitlement Check - Sex Disaggregated Data? - Reduction in the allocation of foodgrains http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx ?relid=157984 Current Focus of the Government End-to-end Computerization of TPDS Operations Scheme Enable correct identification of beneficiaries, Timely availability of food grains to intended beneficiaries at Fair Price Shops 2.33 crore Ration Cards deleted during 2013 & 2016 [upto 15-11-2016] 2.33 crore Ration Cards deleted during 2013 & 2016 [upto 15-11-2016] Is GPS tracking enough to ensure timely availability? Is GPS tracking enough to ensure timely availability? SHG run FPS/women friendly Licensing mechanism SHG run FPS/women friendly Licensing mechanism
- 17. • Reduction inthe allocation of food grains is the major cause of worry for the state. While the average annual targeted PDS allotment for Kerala in 2010-13 was around 16.01 lakh metric tonnes, under NFSA, the state is entitled to an annual food grain allocation of 14.25 lakh metric tonnes only • Targeted PDS under NFSA has resulted in a large chunk of its existing PDS beneficiaries being left out from the purview of the Act. Although the central government determined NFSA coverage for Kerala – 1,54,80,040 persons – is much more than the total number of Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) beneficiaries in the state – 96,03,601 persons (in June 2016) – implementing NFSA would have implications for those left out from the targeted coverage. • Identification of the eligible households has seen much resentment among the public, with 14 lakh complaints being filed, signifying the shortfalls that beset targeting. • According to the Situation Assessment Survey of Agricultural Households conducted by the NSSO in 2013, a massive 77.7% of the agricultural households in Kerala were reported to be indebted as against the national average of 52%. https://thewire.in/109447/why-implementation-of-national-food-security-act-in-kerala-is-flawed/
- 18. Concerns…. (Accessing the Rightto Food in Delhi, Vol 52, Issue No.23, 10 June 2017 http://www.epw.in/journal/2017/23/web-exclusives/accessing-right-food-delhi.html)
- 19.
- 20. Other Concerns…. • PDSis the core, but what about entitlements for particular vulnerable groups such as widows, victims of trafficking, migrants, HIV/AIDS affected, destitute, disabled...... Government has not set any specific guidelines or scientific method of identification of priority households. Identification of homeless people, state migrants, destitute people, tribals, etc. is a challenging task due to the complexity involved in the process. • If the same coverage limits of 75 % for rural and 50 % for urban area is continued for years to come, it would be a possible cause of exclusion of many eligible or needy individuals from urban areas, because of rapid urbanisation • Structural adjustment without structural transformation -- Hunger needs more than PDS ration. Need to remove the structural causes that exacerbate hunger, for example role of women in agriculture and management of natural resources. • Stringent poverty line and faulty projections – need to demarcate the percentage of men and women in absolute hunger and malnourished from those who are not so hungry. • The system should have in-built mechanisms to allow for the entry of new households that suddenly find themselves in financial distress, while others can exit it based on changed circumstances.
- 21. 2. Food Fortification FightHidden Hunger Focus on Early adolescence (11- 14 years)- among girls is crucial Weight, BMI, Menstrual Cycle etc.
- 22. Food fortification isnot the only solution: it is part and parcel of a national nutrition programme Community Garden/Kitchen Garden (ATMA scheme) Community Garden/Kitchen Garden (ATMA scheme) National Nutrition Week (FNB) Nutrition Games for Boys/Girls, MDM, information notice board AWW, ASHA, SHGs, EWRs etc. National Nutrition Week (FNB) Nutrition Games for Boys/Girls, MDM, information notice board AWW, ASHA, SHGs, EWRs etc. TPDS, ICDS, MDM TPDS, ICDS, MDM ICDS, Anaemia prophylaxis programme ICDS, Anaemia prophylaxis programme National Food Security Mission National Food Security Mission First iron-rich pearl millet named Dhanashakti was released in 2012 in Maharashtra, and in 2013 across India First iron-rich pearl millet named Dhanashakti was released in 2012 in Maharashtra, and in 2013 across India
- 23. MDM http://mdm.nic.in/Files/OrderCirculars/2016/Revision-of-Cooking-Cost_wef_1stJul2016%20.pdf Revised cooking costper child per school day w.e.f. 1 July 2016 Stage Total Cost Central-State Sharing Non-NER States (60:40) NER States (90:10) & 3 Himalayan States All UTs (100%) Central State Central State Primary Rs.4.13 Rs.2.48 Rs. 1.65 Rs.3.72 Rs.0.41 Rs. 4.13 Upper Primary Rs.6.18 Rs.3.71 Rs.2.47 Rs.5.56 Rs.0.62 Rs.6.18
- 24. Challenges • Regulation onpaper will not improve fortification compliance without real incentives. Investments/Cost Sharing needs to be clearly spelt out between Private/ Govt / Donors, particularly one time cost vs Recurring Cost • Monitoring and Capacity to test fortified foods at the local level • Budget Allocation required for effective monitoring of fortification programs and enforcement . There is a need for more women inspectors, more training, and improved laboratory micronutrient testing capacities with skilled women personnel. • GoI has made fortification of salt, wheat flour and oil mandatory in foods served to children in all anganwadi centres - whether the 27 lakhs AWWs and helpers at 14 lakhs AWCs aware of it? • Capturing information on the consumption of fortified and fortifiable foods among many segments of the population- AWWs and SHGs can be trained • Impact of calcium and vitamin D fortification in the post-menopausal age group, e.g. in preventing breast cancer, osteoporosis (1 out of 3 females in India suffers from osteoporosis) or heart attacks not addressed
- 25. Opportunities • In aremote village in rural Rajasthan 10 local women own and operate a factory delivering 30 metric tons of a flour (Raj Nutrimix) fortified with vitamins and minerals monthly to 6,000 children under the age three and nearly 3,000 pregnant or lactating women. • Train the SHGs in Food Fortification • Train the Anganwadi workers regarding the benefits of Food Fortification • Rice fortification will succeed only if women are willing to feed fortified rice to their families and especially their children, concerns about product safety are addressed.…. Consumer acceptability becomes easy with SHGs and AWWs. • Strengthening the capacity of the local governments (EWRs) to manage nutrition services better https://www.gainhealth.org/knowledge-centre/10-women-rural-rajasthan-improving-nutrition-thousands/
- 26. 3. Food insecuritymapping and monitoring • Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping software - what is the approach to identify and tap the knowledge of the most vulnerable, how are adaptation actions formulated so as to deliver gender responsive equitable benefits. Building on women’s knowledge and experiences can deliver gender-responsive adaptation benefits.. • State-level Food Security Analysis Unit – Is there a Gender Focal Point in the Unit? Its critical to have a gender focal point who will make sure that analysis and actions are gender responsive. WFP therefore must insist on having a GFP and invest in building the capacity to increase the number of expertise on gender mainstreaming in food security analysis efforts. Is food security a social or economic goal in India – do we have the proper conceptualization?- Research required Is food security a social or economic goal in India – do we have the proper conceptualization?- Research required
- 27. What can bedone? • Break the stereotypical approach of food security policies and programmes mainly being considered as technical areas, with gender as an add-on. • Ensure that scheme/project objectives and implementation design are fully informed by a gender analysis of the food security problem being addressed and anticipated project benefits e.g. access to food & control over it • Refer to the available gender analysis or other relevant national strategic papers, especially with regard to rural gender issues. Where little gender analysis of the sector exists, commission a gender needs assessment • Integrate gender and develop a gender-responsive monitoring, evaluation and learning (MEL) framework for programs based on a participatory approach. • Engage women (SHGs, EWRs, AWWs, ASHA’s, Women Farmer Cooperatives/Food Security Groups) in the process of developing indicators as well as for monitoring the change. Having a gender responsive MEL empowers women to voice their needs throughout the process. • Break the stereotypical approach of food security policies and programmes mainly being considered as technical areas, with gender as an add-on. • Ensure that scheme/project objectives and implementation design are fully informed by a gender analysis of the food security problem being addressed and anticipated project benefits e.g. access to food & control over it • Refer to the available gender analysis or other relevant national strategic papers, especially with regard to rural gender issues. Where little gender analysis of the sector exists, commission a gender needs assessment • Integrate gender and develop a gender-responsive monitoring, evaluation and learning (MEL) framework for programs based on a participatory approach. • Engage women (SHGs, EWRs, AWWs, ASHA’s, Women Farmer Cooperatives/Food Security Groups) in the process of developing indicators as well as for monitoring the change. Having a gender responsive MEL empowers women to voice their needs throughout the process.
- 28. What can bedone? (contd..) • Refer to the gender outputs and outcomes in the NFSA • Address lack of gender-differentiated data and indicators and of a deeper understanding of the role of women in food security - Collect and critically analyse context specific, gender-differentiated data for problem analysis and project design, establishing a baseline and M&E. Include gender-sensitive indicators. • Coordinate with GBCs where it exists to align the SDGs with national commitments and gender in food security, agriculture and rural development, to develop operational details and responsibilities. Where no focal point exists, liaise with Ministry of WCD as the nodal ministry for GE. For example, to ensure household food and nutritional security, train the Farm Women’s Food Security Groups (FSGs) at the block level. These FSGs are provided support for training, publication and access to inputs @ ` 10,000 per group by the MoA. These FSGs should serve as “Model Food Security Hubs” through establishing kitchen garden, backyard poultry, goatery, animal husbandry & dairying, mushroom cultivation, etc..... • Allocate budget lines in programmes for capacity-building activities of staff and mainstreaming gender in a consistent and systematic way in schemes/Progs. • Refer to the gender outputs and outcomes in the NFSA • Address lack of gender-differentiated data and indicators and of a deeper understanding of the role of women in food security - Collect and critically analyse context specific, gender-differentiated data for problem analysis and project design, establishing a baseline and M&E. Include gender-sensitive indicators. • Coordinate with GBCs where it exists to align the SDGs with national commitments and gender in food security, agriculture and rural development, to develop operational details and responsibilities. Where no focal point exists, liaise with Ministry of WCD as the nodal ministry for GE. For example, to ensure household food and nutritional security, train the Farm Women’s Food Security Groups (FSGs) at the block level. These FSGs are provided support for training, publication and access to inputs @ ` 10,000 per group by the MoA. These FSGs should serve as “Model Food Security Hubs” through establishing kitchen garden, backyard poultry, goatery, animal husbandry & dairying, mushroom cultivation, etc..... • Allocate budget lines in programmes for capacity-building activities of staff and mainstreaming gender in a consistent and systematic way in schemes/Progs.
- 29. Sustainable Development Goal2 End hunger, achieve food security & improved nutrition & promote sustainable agriculture Targets Indicators 2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round 2.1.1 Prevalence of undernourishment 2.1.2 Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population, based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) 2.2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons 2.2.1 Prevalence of stunting (height for age <-2 standard deviation from the median of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age 2.2.2 Prevalence of malnutrition (weight for height >+2 or <-2 standard deviation from the median of the WHO Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age, by type (wasting and overweight)
- 30.
- 31. Deleted Ration Cards UnstarredQ.No. 844, Lok Sabha, M/o Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution, Answered on 7 2331165823311658
- 32. • https://www.kit.nl/grf/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/Factsheet- Gender-Mainstreaming-in-Food-Security.pdf • ImplementingNational Food Security Act in India: issues and challenges (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276884397_Implementing_Nati onal_Food_Security_Act_in_India_issues_and_challenges [accessed Jan 07 2018].
Editor's Notes
- #8 Of course, processes are not linear and e.g. on policy, drafts will be published for discussion And the budget process is a long and drawn out one with circulars issued in December and the Budget finally announced in July Proper M&E learns from successes and mistakes of the passed with respect to outcomes and impacts Point to make: fit GB firmly with the political economy of decision makers (recognising that GB includes an analysis of who those decision makers are!)