Green building concepts and good building practices

Green building concepts and good building practices

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  GREEN BUILDING CONCEPTS ANDGOOD BUILDING PRACTICES Manohar Tatwawadi total output power solutions, Pune [email protected], 9372167165
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  INTRODUCTION • In currenttimes of rapid infrastructure growth and a looming energy crisis, there is a strong need to address and incorporate good practices for efficient energy and resource use while planning for buildings, be it for residential purposes or for commercial applications. • Green buildings would squarely address ecological and environmental impacts in a holistic manner and at the same time offer tremendous economic benefits to the occupants. • A Green building is one which incorporates several green features, such as energy-efficient and eco-friendly equipment, recycled and environment-friendly building materials, quality indoor air for human safety and comfort, use of renewable energy, effective controls and building management systems, efficient use of water, non-toxic and recycled materials, effective use of existing landscapes, and adoption of cost-effective and environment- friendly technologies. 12-01-2022 total output power solutions 2
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  TYPICAL FEATURES OFGREEN BUILDINGS • Adoption of erosion control techniques like temporary seeding, permanent seeding, and mulching. • Installation of high-efficiency irrigation methods and selection of vegetation which has low water consumption. • Occupants encouraged to use mass transportation like bus or rail; use of bicycles and use of cleaner fuels for automobiles. • Reduction of building footprints to minimize their impact on the environment. • Reduction of impervious areas to prevent storm water run-off. • Use of low water plumbing installations. 12-01-2022 total output power solutions 3
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  TYPICAL FEATURES OFGREEN BUILDINGS • Harvesting of site energy. • Use of CFC-free HVAC equipment. • Adoption of energy-efficient equipment for air-conditioning and lighting systems. • Use of on-site renewable energy. • Measurement and verification plan to ensure energy and water savings. • Adoption of controls and building management systems. • Segregation, collection, and disposal of waste streams at source. 12-01-2022 total output power solutions 4
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  TYPICAL FEATURES OFGREEN BUILDINGS • Use of salvaged or refurbished materials from other sites. • Recycling of construction debris to other sites. • Use of building materials having a high recycled content. • Use of rapidly renewable materials (material which could be replenished within a life cycle of 10 years). • Declaration of the site as a non-smoking area, or provision of designated areas for smoking. • Maintenance of indoor environmental quality, to avoid ‘sick building’ syndrome. • Use of low VOC (volatile organic compound) paints, sealants, and adhesives. 12-01-2022 total output power solutions 5
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  BENEFITS OF GREENBUILDINGS Green buildings have tremendous benefits, both tangible and intangible. The most tangible benefit is in reduction of operating energy and water costs right from day one, and during the entire life cycle of the building. • 30% to 40% reduction in operation cost. • Green corporate image. • Health and safety of building occupants. • Enhanced occupant comfort. • Improved productivity of occupants. • Incorporation of best operational practices from day one. • Incorporation of latest techniques and technologies. 12-01-2022 total output power solutions 6
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  GOOD PRACTICES INTHE BUILDING SECTOR Some good practices criteria related to them, and technologies and strategies available for realizing them are discussed below. Practice 1: Plan for minimum energy requirements. Criteria: Establish the minimum level of energy efficiency for the base building and systems. Practice 2: Design to meet building energy efficiency and performance as required by ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-1999 or the local energy code, whichever is the more stringent. Technologies and strategies: • Design the building envelope and building systems to maximize energy performance. • Use a computer simulation model to assess the energy performance and identify the most cost-effective energy efficiency measures. • Have an energy audit performed for the facility regularly. • Quantify energy performance as compared to a baseline building. 12-01-2022 total output power solutions 7
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  Practice 3: Optimizeenergy performance. Criteria: Achieve increasing levels of energy performance above the prerequisite standard to reduce environmental impacts associated with excessive energy use. Practice 4: • Reduce design energy cost compared to the energy cost budget, for regulated energy components, described in the requirements of ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999, as demonstrated by a whole building simulation using the Energy Cost Budget Method. Regulate energy components include HVAC systems, building envelope, service hot water systems, lighting and other regulated systems as defined by ASHRAE. It is often possible to reduce design energy cost by 10%–60%. Technologies and strategies: • Have an energy audit conducted for the building/facility. Design the building envelope and building systems to maximize energy performance. • Use a computer simulation model to assess the energy performance and identify the most cost-effective energy efficiency measures. Quantify energy performance as compared to a baseline building. • North light roofing, transparent roof sheets, ventilation design, chimney effect through tower design, aerated concrete blocks/hollow bricks, high ceiling, roof cooling salts. 12-01-2022 total output power solutions 8
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  Practice 5: Planfor increasing levels of renewable technology use. Criteria: Encourage and recognize increasing levels of self-supply through renewable technologies to reduce environmental impacts associated with fossil fuel energy use. Practice 6: • Supply a net fraction of the building’s total energy use (as expressed as a fraction of annual energy cost) through the use of on-site renewable energy systems. • Target the achievement of renewables share of total energy cost at between 5% and 20%. Technologies and strategies: • Assess the project for renewable energy potential including solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, hydro, and bio-gas strategies. • When applying these strategies, take advantage of net information and Institutions local and international. • Solar PV, CFL Solar hot water systems, solar cookers, bio-gas plants (rural segment), vermin composting. Practice 7: Plan for minimizing CFC Refrigerants in HVAC equipment Criteria: Reduce ozone depletion. 12-01-2022 total output power solutions 9
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  Practice 8: Planfor minimizing ozone depletion. • Criteria: Reduce ozone depletion and support early compliance with the Montreal Protocol. Practice 9: • Zero use of CFC-based refrigerants in new building HVAC base building systems. • When reusing existing HVAC systems, conduct an inventory to identify equipment that uses CFC refrigerants and adopt a replacement schedule for these refrigerants. Technologies and strategies: • For new buildings, specify new HVAC equipment that uses no CFC refrigerants, e.g. VAR or R134A in vapor compression systems. • Eco-friendly refrigeration systems, VAR (Central A/c) chillers. • When reusing existing base building HVAC equipment, complete a comprehensive CFC phase out conversion. Practice 10: Plan for easy accounting of energy and water consumption Criteria: Provide for the ongoing accountability and optimization of building energy and water consumption performance over time. 12-01-2022 total output power solutions 10
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  Practice 11: Installbase building level HVAC and refrigeration equipment and fire suppression systems that do not contain HCFCs or Halons. Technologies and strategies for adoption: • When reusing buildings, replace inventory of refrigerants and fire suppression chemicals in existing building systems with those that contain HCFCs or halons. • For new buildings, specify refrigeration and fire suppression systems that use no HCFCs or halons. Practice 12: Plan for water-efficient landscaping Technologies and strategies: Criteria: Limit or eliminate the use of potable water for landscape irrigation. Practice 13: Use high efficiency irrigation technology, or use captured rain or recycled site water, to reduce potable water consumption for irrigation over conventional means. Technologies and strategies: • Perform a soil/climate analysis to determine appropriate landscape types. • Design the landscape with indigenous plants to reduce or eliminate irrigation requirements. • Use high-efficiency irrigation systems and consider reuse of storm water for irrigation. • Use pervious paver blocks, roof cover with gardens, rainwater harvesting. • Adopt ISO:14000 certification for large facilities. Practice 14: Plan for maximum wastewater reuse and less dependence on municipal water source Criteria: Reduce the generation of wastewater and potable water demand, while increasing the local aquifer recharge. 12-01-2022 total output power solutions 11
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  Practice 15: Planwith long-term continuous measurement of performance: • Lighting systems and controls. • Constant and variable motor loads. • Variable frequency drive (VFD) operation. • Chiller efficiency at variable loads (kW/ton). • Cooling load. • Air and water economizer and heat recovery cycles. • Air distribution static pressures and ventilation air volumes. • Boiler efficiencies. • Building-specific process energy efficiency systems and equipment. • Indoor water risers and outdoor irrigation systems. Technologies and strategies: • Through building energy audit, model the energy and water systems to predict savings. • Design the building with equipment to measure energy and water performance. • Draft a Measurement and Verification Plan to apply during building operation that compares predicted savings to those actually achieved in the field. 12-01-2022 total output power solutions 12
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  Practice 16: • Reducethe use of municipally provided potable water for building sewage conveyance, or • Treat all wastewater on-site for re-use application. Technologies and strategies: • Estimate the wastewater volume generated in the building and specify high- efficiency fixtures and dry fixtures such as composting toilets and waterless urinals to reduce these volumes. • Consider reusing storm water for sewage conveyance or on-site wastewater treatment systems (mechanical or natural). • Biological root zone treatment. • Recycled water for gardening. • Sewage water for mechanical (filter press drum) type cleaning systems, etc. Practice 17: Plan for maximizing water use efficiency Criteria: Maximize water efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on municipal water supply and wastewater systems. Practice 18: Plan for storage and collection of recyclables while building Criteria: Facilitate the reduction of waste generated by building occupants that is hauled to and disposed of in landfills. 12-01-2022 total output power solutions 13
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  Practice 19: • Employstrategies that in the aggregate use less water than the water-use baseline calculated for the building (not including irrigation). Reduce potable water use by at least 10%. • Technologies and strategies: • Estimate the potable and non-potable water needs for the building. • Use high-efficiency fixtures, dry fixtures such as composting toilets and waterless urinals, and occupant sensors to reduce the potable water demand. • Consider reuse of storm water for non-potable applications such as toilet and urinal flushing, mechanical systems, and custodial uses. Practice 20: Plan for storage and collection of recyclables while building. Criteria: Facilitate the reduction of waste generated by building occupants that is hauled to and disposed of in landfills. Practice 21: Plan for building life extension and re-use Criteria: • Extend the life cycle of existing building stock. • Conserve resources. • Retain cultural resources. • Reduce waste Practice 22: Plan for increasing ventilation effectiveness. Criteria: Provide for the effective delivery and mixing of fresh air to support the health, safety, and comfort of building occupants. 12-01-2022 total output power solutions 14
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  Practice 23: Providean easily accessible area that serves the entire building and is dedicated to the separation, collection, and storage of materials for recycling including (at a minimum) paper, glass, plastics, and metals. Technologies and strategies: • Designate an area for recyclable collection and storage that is appropriately sized and located in a convenient area. • Identify local waste handlers and buyers for glass, plastic, office paper, newspaper, cardboard, and organic wastes. • Consider employing cardboard balers, aluminum can crushers, recycling chutes, and other waste management technologies to further enhance the recycling program. • Instruct occupants on building recycling procedures. • Recycle wood, glass, aluminum and ceramic tiles, furniture made of bagasse-based completed wood, etc. Practice 24: Plan for building life extension and re-use. Criteria: • Extend the life cycle of existing building stock. • Conserve resources. • Retain cultural resources. • Reduce waste. • Reduce environmental impacts of new buildings as they relate to materials manufacturing and transport. Practice 25: Plan for increased use of local/regional materials Criteria: Increase demand for building products that are manufactured locally, thereby reducing the environmental impacts resulting from their transportation and supporting the local economy. 12-01-2022 total output power solutions 15
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  Practice 26: • Formechanically ventilated buildings, design ventilation systems that result in an air change effectiveness (E) greater than or equal to 0.9 as determined by ASHRAE 129-1997. • For naturally ventilated spaces, demonstrate a distribution and laminar flow pattern that involves not less than 90% of the room or zone area in the direction of air flow. Technologies and strategies: Design the HVAC system and building envelope to optimize air change effectiveness. • Air change effectiveness can be optimized using a variety of ventilation strategies including displacement ventilation, low-velocity ventilation, and operable windows. The air change effectiveness of the building after construction should be regularly tested. • CO2 monitoring; chimney type ducting for intake/exhaust. Practice 27: Plan for minimum indoor air quality requirement. Criteria: Establish minimum indoor air quality (IAQ) performance to prevent the development of indoor air quality problems in buildings, maintaining the health and wellbeing of the occupants. Practice 28: Plan for efficient and safe wiring practices Criteria: Quality assurance of electrical wiring material, wiring accessories, grounding, leakage protection, overload protection devices and metering to ensure a safe and energy-efficient distribution infrastructure. 12-01-2022 total output power solutions 16
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  Practice 29: Meetthe minimum requirements of voluntary consensus standard ASHRAE 62- 1999, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality and Approved Addenda. Technologies and strategies : Design the HVAC system to meet the ventilation requirements of the reference standard. • Identify potential IAQ problems on the site and locate air intakes away from contaminant sources like low volatile organic matter paints, carpets, adhesives, and sealants. Practice 30: Specify at least 20%–50% of building materials that are manufactured in the local economy. Technologies and strategies: Establish a project goal for locally sourced materials and identify materials and material suppliers who can achieve this goal. • During construction, ensure that the specified local materials are installed and quantify the total percentage of local materials installed. • Use compressed earth blocks, wood/straw boards, fly ash cement, hollow bricks. Practice 31: Adopt well-established standard material and engineering practices. Technologies and strategies: MCCBs/MCBs, CVTs, UPS, electronicb, CFLs, remote controls for lights and fans, electronic regulators, earth leakage protection relays, and occupancy sensors are some of the devices and technologies applicable in this context. 12-01-2022 total output power solutions 17
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  OTHER GENERIC PRACTICESTHAT CAN BE ADOPTED • Use of fly-ash-based cement. • Use of fly-ash-based Aerocon blocks. • Declaration of building as “non-smoking”, CO2 censor installation. • Regular checks on AHU filters. • Use of composite wood in preference to hardwoods like teak. • Daylight view for 90% of occupied areas. • Minimum 25% open space set apart from built-up area. • Site location selected close to bus and rail lines. • Better access to community transport rather than individual transportation. • Extensive roof garden coverage. • Rain water harvesting adoption. • Drip irrigation adoption. • Adoption of fast-growing plantations. • Use of low-U-value glazed glass. • Adoption of daylight dimmer controls. 12-01-2022 total output power solutions 18
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