Group dynamics
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This document discusses group dynamics and defines it as the study of interaction between group members. It outlines the objectives of understanding group dynamics as identifying social processes that impact group development and performance. It also describes the types of groups as formal/informal and primary/secondary. Key components of small groups discussed include group structure, size, length of sessions, communication, and roles. The stages of group development are also outlined as pregroup, initial, transition, working, and termination phases.
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Group dynamics
- 1. - Ms. Hemangi Patel Lecturer Apollo Institute of Nursing
- 2. Introduction • Group dynamic is the study of groups, and also a general term for group processes. • Its concerned with dynamic interaction of individuals in face to face relationships. • As a leader understanding the group dynamic is essential in order to both compose & guide the individuals within a group for the purpose of successfully & efficiently completing an assignment.
- 3. Definition • Group dynamic is concerned with interaction between group members in a social situation.
- 4. Objectives • Identify & analyse the social processes that impact on group development & performance. • Acquire the skills necessary to improve individual • Build more successful organization by applying techniques by that provides positive impact on goal achievement.
- 5. Types 1. Formal groups and Informal groups 2. Primary groups and secondary groups
- 6. Formal groups and Informal groups 1. Informal groups: Informal groups are a collection of people seeking and sharing emotional traits, E.g., Friends, family members 2. Formal groups: Formal groups on the other hand are a set of people created to do something productive. E.g., Staff, employees
- 7. Primary groups and secondary groups 1. Primary groups: In Primary groups, members have face to face contact and have boundaries, norms and interdependent roles, E.g., Family 2. Secondary groups: A secondary group is usually larger and more impersonal. Members do not have relationship or emotional ties. E.g., Business or a political party
- 8. Components of small group • Group structure • Group size • Length of session • Communication • Roles
- 9. Group structure • A group’s underlying order includes boundaries, communication and decision making process as well as authority relationships, offers stability and helps regulate behaviour and interactional patterns.
- 10. Group size • Preferred size is 7 to 10 members. Length of session • Optimum length of session is 20-40 minutes for lower functioning group and 60-120 minutes for higher functioning groups
- 11. Communication • Feedback is used to help members identify group dynamics and communication patterns. Roles • Determined by behaviour and responsibilities assumed by the member of group.
- 12. Group development • Every group develops according to a series of three interpersonal stages: • Inclusion, or being in or out • Control, or being top or bottom • Affection, or being near or far.
- 13. •Stages of group development are: Stages Pregroup phase Evaluation Terminal phase Initial phase
- 14. Pregroup phase • To guarantee success, the group’s goal must be understood by all people. • Physical space for the group. • To select members. • Selection criteria includes problem area, motivation, age, sex, cultural factors, educational level, socioeconomic level, ability to communicate, intelligence and coping & defensive styles.
- 15. Initial phase • The initial phase includes meeting in which the group members start to settle down to work. • This phase is characterized by anxiety about being accepted by group, the setting of norms and casting various roles. • This phase has been subdivided into some stages that is Forming, storming, norming, performing…
- 17. 1. Forming: To identify task and boundaries 2. Storming: To respond emotionally to task 3. Norming: To express intimate personal opinions about task 4. Performing: To direct group energy towards completion of task
- 18. Terminal phase • There are two types termination: Termination of the group as a whole and termination of individual members. • Members and groups will be terminated in unique ways. If the group has been successful, termination may be painful and involve sense of loss.
- 19. Evaluation phase • It is helpful to determine each member’s goal attainment periodically during the course of group. • It focuses on the amount of achievement of the groups individual goals. • This can be using subjective rating and objective evaluation. • Members goal achievement should always be evaluated at termination.
- 20. Nurses as group leaders • The group leader must be able to study the group and participate in it at the same time. • The leader must constantly monitor the group and whenever necessary help the group to achieve its goals. • The qualities of an effective nurse leader are the same qualities that are important in the therapeutic relationship.
- 21. • Leaders need to have communication skill so that they can foster independence in group. • Leaders also need a good sense of humour.