Group dynamics
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The document provides an overview of group dynamics, highlighting the nature and types of groups, including formal and informal teams, and their effectiveness within organizations. It categorizes groups into various types such as primary, secondary, planned, and emergent, emphasizing their roles and goals in social interactions. Additionally, it outlines the stages of group development, from forming to adjourning, and underscores the significance of groups in achieving shared objectives.
Group dynamics
- 1. 1 THE NATURE OF GROUP DYNAMICS The scientific study of groups; also the actions, processes, and changes that occur in social groups.
- 2. Work groups or teams Work groups, or teams, are increasingly common in organizations. Formal groups are those designated as work groups by the organization. The members of these groups usually have shared task objectives. Examples of these formal groups include health care teams, management groups, mining crews and research and development project groups. Informal work groups are not defined by the organization as functional units, but nevertheless have an impact on organizational behavior. Examples include friendship and pressure groups.
- 3. Types of group and what makes them effective In some organizations, groups as a whole may be hired, fired, trained, rewarded and promoted.This trend has developed as organizations have grown and become increasingly complex, demanding that shared experiences and complementary skills are constantly utilized in decision-making processes. Group is defined as two or more individuals who are connected to one another by social relationships.
- 4. Types of group and what makes them effective De Muse and Futrrel distinguish four main types of formal work teams 1. Advice / involvement team i.e. committees, boars, advisory councils 2. production/ service group i.e. assembly teams manufacturing crews 3. Project development groups i.e. research group, task force, planning team 4. Action/ negotiation group i.e. entertainment group, negotiation team, surgery team cockpit crew
- 6. Types of group and what makes them effective A group can range in size from two members to thousands of members.Very small collectives, such as dyads (two members) and triads (three members) are groups, but so are very large collections of people, such as mobs, crowds, and congregations WHO ARE CONNECTEDTO ONE ANOTHER Like a series of interconnected computers, the individuals in any given group are networked:They are connected one to another. These connections, or ties, may be strong emotional bonds, like the links between the members of a family or a clique of close friends.The links may also be relatively weak ones that are easily broken with the passage of time or the occurrence of relationship- damaging events. Even weak links, however, can create robust outcomes across an entire group of networked individuals.
- 7. Types of Groups Types of groups: Primary Secondary Planned (concocted and founded) Emergent (circumstantial and self-organizing)
- 8. Congregations, work groups, unions, professional associations Larger, less intimate, more goal-focused groups typical of more complex societies Secondary groups Families, close friends, tight-knit peer groups, gangs, elite military squads Small, long-term groups characterized by face-to-face interaction & high levels of cohesiveness, solidarity, & member identification Primary groups ExamplesCharacteristicsType of Group (Cooley, 1909) Types of Groups
- 9. Study groups, friendship cliques in a workplace, regular patrons at a bar Emerge when interacting individuals gradually align their activities in a cooperative system of interdependence. Self-organizing Waiting lines (queues), crowds, mobs, audiences, bystanders Emergent, unplanned groups arising when external, situational forces set the stage for people to join together, often only temporarily, in a unified group Circumstantial Groups that form spontaneously as individuals find themselves repeatedly interacting with the same subset of individuals over time and settings Emergent groups Study groups, small businesses, clubs, associations Planned by one or more individuals who remain within the group Founded Production lines, military units, task forces, crews, professional sports teams Planned by individuals or authorities outside the group. Concocted Deliberately formed by the members themselves or by an external authority, usually for some specific purpose or purposes Planned groups ExamplesCharacteristicsType of Group
- 10. Women, Asian Americans, physicians, U.S. citizens, New Yorkers Aggregations of individuals similar to one another in terms of gender, ethnicity, religion, or nationality. Social categories Crowds, audiences, clusters of bystanders Aggregations of individuals that form spontaneously, last for brief periods, and have very permeable boundaries Weak associations Teams, neighborhood associations Work groups in employment settings and goal-focused groups in a variety of non- employment situations Task groups Families, close friends, street gangs Small groups of moderate duration & permeability characterized by large levels of interaction amongst members, who value membership in the group Intimacy groups ExamplesCharacteristicsType of Group
- 11. GOALS GOALS Groups usually exist for a reason. A team strives to outperform other teams in competitions. A study group wants to raise the grades of all of the students who are members. A jury must make decisions about guilt or innocence. The members of a congregation seek religious and spiritual enlightenment. In each case, the members of the group are united in their pursuit of common goals. In groups, people solve problems, create products, create standards, communicate knowledge, have fun, perform arts, create institutions, and even ensure their safety from attacks by other groups. Put simply, groups make it easier to attain our goals. For this reason, much of the world’s work is done by groups rather than by individuals.
- 12. Group Development 1. Forming - orientation, guidance (dependence) 2. Storming - conflict, roles and responsibilities, rules and procedures, individual recognition (counter dependence) 3. Norming - issue resolution, develop social agreements, cohesion, establish group norms (interdependence) 4. Performing - mutual assistance, creativity, understanding goals and roles (independence) 5. Adjourning / Transforming- closure, symbolism, ceremonies, and emotional support
Editor's Notes
- #10: PLANNED AND EMERGENT GROUPS planned groups, which are deliberately formed by their members or by an external authority for some purpose, Planned groups tend to be organized, task focused, and formal. Such groups generally define their membership criteria clearly and so atall times know who is and who is not in the group. military units, musical groups, research teams emergent groups, which come into existence spontaneously when individuals join together in the same physical location or form gradually over time as individuals find themselves repeatedly interacting with the same subset of individuals. People found planned groups, but they often find emergent groups. such as audiences at events, bystanders at a crime scene, crowds, customers at a club, gangs