![4. EIR (Equipment identity register):
As the subscriber and equipment are separate in GSM so we
use a separate authentication process for MS equipment
EIR is a centralized database for validation of international
mobile equipment identity (IMEI)
EIR contains 3 lists:
White list (for valid MS equipment)
Black list (for stolen or denied service MS)
Gray list (for mal-performance MS [e.g. faulty software] )
EIR
Check
IMEI
White
ListGray
List
Black
List](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/chapter2-200626092250/85/GSM-Network-Architecture-32-320.jpg)
GSM Network Architecture
- 1. Chapter 2 GSM Network Architecture Eng. Ahmed Khaled
- 2. SMS-C MSC/VLR HLR/AUC GMSC TRAU BSC EIR ISDN/PSTN Other PLMNs SSSOMS BSS MS Base Transceiver Station Base Station Controller BTS GSM Network Architecture:
- 3. Mobile Station (MS): Mobile Equipment (ME) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Mobile Station (MS)
- 4. Modes of Mobile station: Modes of MS Attached Idle Registration LA Updating Paging Roaming Active Ongoing call Handover Monitoring power & quality of its BTS Monitoring power of neighboring BTSs Detached IMSI de. Implicit de.
- 5. • It is the terminal used by user • Can be purchased from any store • Without SIM no calls can be made • It has an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) 1- Mobile equipment (ME):
- 6. 490124 51 323897 0 TAC (Type Approval Code) FAC (Final Assemble Code) SNR (Serial Number) SP (Spare) - - - The IMEI: • Is a 15-digit number. • Verifies that the mobile station is type-approved and not stolen
- 7. 2- Subscriber identity module (SIM): An electronic microchip for storing information. Information Stored on SIM includes: Subscriber Identification. Charging. Security.
- 8. 2- Subscriber identity module (SIM):
- 9. 2- Subscriber identity module (SIM): Microprocessor ROM RAM EEPROMI/O Control Power Ground Clock Reset Input Output CPU: Central Processing Unite – Microprocessor. ROM: Read Only Memory (Non-Volatile). EEPROM: Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (Non- Volatile). RAM: Random Access Memory (Volatile).
- 10. GSM Identification Numbers: • Mobile Station International Subscriber Dial-able NumberMSISDN • International Mobile Subscriber IdentityIMSI • Mobile Station Roaming NumberMSRN • Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity NumberTMSI
- 11. • Is the number dialed to reach a mobile Station. • Has a Maximum of 15 digits. The MSISDN: 46 705 123456 International Prefix CC (Country Code) NDC (National Destination Code) SN (Subscriber Number) SWEDEN: - - -
- 12. 505 01 0987654321 MCC (Mobile Country Code) MNC (Mobile Network Code) MSIN (Mobile Subscriber Identity Number) AUSTRALIA: - - The IMSI: • The IMSI is the non-dial-able number for identifying a subscriber in the GSM network. • The IMSI is Stored on the SIM Card.
- 13. 33 007 987654 International Prefix CC (Country Code) NDC (National Destination Code) SN (Subscriber Number) FRANCE: - - - The MSRN: The MSRN is used to route a call to the serving MSC/VLR Service area of the called Subscriber.
- 14. The TMSI: 2463720 • Used instead of the IMSI within an MSC/VLR Service Area. • Keeps the Subscriber’s IMSI Confidential.
- 15. The base station subsystem (BSS): 1. The Base Transceiver station (BTS) BS contains the RF transmission equipment It has an International cell global Identity (CGI) It performs: Power amplification channel coding ciphering modulation
- 16. Base Station Transceiver (BTS):
- 17. The Base Station Subsystem (BSS): 2. The base station controller (BSC) It carries out all control functions in the BSS as: Paging Channel allocation Dynamic power control Handover
- 18. The Base station Controller (BSC): BTS BTS BSC Remote BTS Co-located BTS
- 19. The base station controller (BSC):
- 20. The base station controller (BSC):
- 21. The base station controller (BSC):
- 22. The base station controller (BSC):
- 23. BSS Link Configuration – Cascaded: BTS BTS BTS BTS BTS BSC
- 24. BSS Link Configuration – Loop: BTS BSC BTS BTS BTS
- 25. BSS Link Configuration – Star: BTS BSC BTS BTS BTS BTS
- 26. The base station subsystem (BSS): 3. Transcoding and rate adaptation Unite (TRAU) - It is used for speech compression/decompression - Also adaptation of data to the requirement of the air interface VLR MSC16161616 BSC 16 16 16 16 TRAU 64 64 64 64
- 27. The Mobile service switching center (MSC): It is an electronic computerized exchange provides the interface between MS and the fixed network. It will not contain any subscriber parameters 1. Switching 2. Charging 3. Call routing 4. Communication with HLR and VLR 5. Communication with other MSCs 6. Control of connected BSCs
- 28. Mobile Switching Centre (MSC): The MSC is connected to: HLR (Home location register) VLR (Visitor location register) AUC (Authentication Center) EIR (Equipment identity register) AUC HLR EIR MSC VLR GMSC TRC BSC BTS (RBS) PSTN Cellular Networks PCS Networks OSS SOG BGW Base Station System Operation and Maintenance Center Switching System
- 29. 1. HLR (Home location register): The centralized database that stores and manages all mobile subscription parameters HLR contains : Subscriber identification numbers (IMSI,MSISDN) Subscriber current location information (MSC/VLR) Subscriber authentication information Charging Billing method.
- 30. 2. VLR (Visitor location register): A temporary storage location for subscription information for MSs which are within MSC service area VLR contains : Mobile status (free, busy,…etc.) Temporary MS identity (TMSI) Temporary MS roaming number (MSRN) Location areas Supplementary service information
- 31. 3. Authentication: It is a processor system that performs the authentication function RAND Database IMSI, KI 𝑨 𝟑 𝑨 𝟖 RAND SRES 𝑲 𝒄 Triplet Triplet Request for Triplet from HLR, VLR IMSI Ki AUC
- 32. 4. EIR (Equipment identity register): As the subscriber and equipment are separate in GSM so we use a separate authentication process for MS equipment EIR is a centralized database for validation of international mobile equipment identity (IMEI) EIR contains 3 lists: White list (for valid MS equipment) Black list (for stolen or denied service MS) Gray list (for mal-performance MS [e.g. faulty software] ) EIR Check IMEI White ListGray List Black List
- 33. Geographic Network Areas: The GSM Service area is the collection of PLMNs in which you can use one mobile station
- 34. Geographic Network Areas: A Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) is: A group of MSC/VLR Service Area. The Largest geographical Area served by one network operator.
- 35. Geographic Network Areas: An MSC/VLR Service Area is made up of several LA’s and is covered by one MSC.
- 36. Location Area Geographic Network Areas:
- 37. LAC (Location Area Code): 240 01 65412 MCC (Mobile Country Code) MNC (Mobile Network Code) LAC (Location Area Code) SWEDEN: - - The MCC identifies the country. The MNC identifies the PLMN. The LAC identifies a Location Area within the PLMN network.
- 38. A cell is the smallest radio coverage area in the network. Cell Geographic Network Areas:
- 39. Cell Identity: The MNC identifies the PLMN. The LAC identifies a Location Area within the PLMAN. The CI identifies a cell within the GSM Network. 262 02 4867 6832 MCC (Mobile Country Code) MNC (Mobile Network Code) LAC (Location Area Code) CI (Cell Identity) Germany: - - -