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Guidelines for Dowel Alignment
in Concrete Pavements
NATIONAL
COOPERATIVE
HIGHWAY
RESEARCH
PROGRAM
NCHRP
REPORT 637
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2009 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE*
OFFICERS
CHAIR: Adib K. Kanafani, Cahill Professor of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley
VICE CHAIR: Michael R. Morris, Director of Transportation, North Central Texas Council of Governments, Arlington
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board
MEMBERS
J. Barry Barker, Executive Director, Transit Authority of River City, Louisville, KY
Allen D. Biehler, Secretary, Pennsylvania DOT, Harrisburg
Larry L. Brown, Sr., Executive Director, Mississippi DOT, Jackson
Deborah H. Butler, Executive Vice President, Planning, and CIO, Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk, VA
William A.V. Clark, Professor, Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles
David S. Ekern, Commissioner, Virginia DOT, Richmond
Nicholas J. Garber, Henry L. Kinnier Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
Jeffrey W. Hamiel, Executive Director, Metropolitan Airports Commission, Minneapolis, MN
Edward A. (Ned) Helme, President, Center for Clean Air Policy, Washington, DC
Will Kempton, Director, California DOT, Sacramento
Susan Martinovich, Director, Nevada DOT, Carson City
Debra L. Miller, Secretary, Kansas DOT, Topeka
Neil J. Pedersen, Administrator, Maryland State Highway Administration, Baltimore
Pete K. Rahn, Director, Missouri DOT, Jefferson City
Sandra Rosenbloom, Professor of Planning, University of Arizona, Tucson
Tracy L. Rosser, Vice President, Corporate Traffic, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Bentonville, AR
Rosa Clausell Rountree, Consultant, Tyrone, GA
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Henry G. (Gerry) Schwartz, Jr., Chairman (retired), Jacobs/Sverdrup Civil, Inc., St. Louis, MO
C. Michael Walton, Ernest H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering, University of Texas, Austin
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Steve Williams, Chairman and CEO, Maverick Transportation, Inc., Little Rock, AR
EX OFFICIO MEMBERS
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Rebecca M. Brewster, President and COO, American Transportation Research Institute, Smyrna, GA
George Bugliarello, President Emeritus and University Professor, Polytechnic Institute of New York University, Brooklyn; Foreign Secretary,
National Academy of Engineering, Washington, DC
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LeRoy Gishi, Chief, Division of Transportation, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC
Edward R. Hamberger, President and CEO, Association of American Railroads, Washington, DC
John C. Horsley, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC
Rose A. McMurry, Acting Deputy Administrator, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, U.S.DOT
Ronald Medford, Acting Deputy Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S.DOT
William W. Millar, President, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, DC
Lynne A. Osmus, Acting Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S.DOT
Jeffrey F. Paniati, Acting Deputy Administrator and Executive Director, Federal Highway Administration, U.S.DOT
Steven K. Smith, Acting Deputy Administrator, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, U.S.DOT
Jo Strang, Acting Deputy Administrator, Federal Railroad Administration, U.S.DOT
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Matthew Welbes, Executive Director and Acting Deputy Administrator, Federal Transit Administration, U.S.DOT
*Membership as of February 2009.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD
WASHINGTON, D.C.
2009
www.TRB.org
N A T I O N A L C O O P E R A T I V E H I G H W A Y R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M
NCHRP REPORT 637
Subject Areas
Pavement Design, Management, and Performance • Materials and Construction
Guidelines for Dowel Alignment
in Concrete Pavements
Lev Khazanovich
Kyle Hoegh
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
Minneapolis, MN
Mark Snyder
CONSULTANT
Bridgeville, PA
Research sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration
NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY
RESEARCH PROGRAM
Systematic, well-designed research provides the most effective
approach to the solution of many problems facing highway
administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local
interest and can best be studied by highway departments individually
or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the
accelerating growth of highway transportation develops increasingly
complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These
problems are best studied through a coordinated program of
cooperative research.
In recognition of these needs, the highway administrators of the
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
initiated in 1962 an objective national highway research program
employing modern scientific techniques. This program is supported on
a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of the
Association and it receives the full cooperation and support of the
Federal Highway Administration, United States Department of
Transportation.
The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies was
requested by the Association to administer the research program
because of the Board’s recognized objectivity and understanding of
modern research practices. The Board is uniquely suited for this
purpose as it maintains an extensive committee structure from which
authorities on any highway transportation subject may be drawn; it
possesses avenues of communications and cooperation with federal,
state and local governmental agencies, universities, and industry; its
relationship to the National Research Council is an insurance of
objectivity; it maintains a full-time research correlation staff of
specialists in highway transportation matters to bring the findings of
research directly to those who are in a position to use them.
The program is developed on the basis of research needs identified
by chief administrators of the highway and transportation departments
and by committees of AASHTO. Each year, specific areas of research
needs to be included in the program are proposed to the National
Research Council and the Board by the American Association of State
Highway and Transportation Officials. Research projects to fulfill these
needs are defined by the Board, and qualified research agencies are
selected from those that have submitted proposals. Administration and
surveillance of research contracts are the responsibilities of the National
Research Council and the Transportation Research Board.
The needs for highway research are many, and the National
Cooperative Highway Research Program can make significant
contributions to the solution of highway transportation problems of
mutual concern to many responsible groups. The program, however, is
intended to complement rather than to substitute for or duplicate other
highway research programs.
Published reports of the
NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM
are available from:
Transportation Research Board
Business Office
500 Fifth Street, NW
Washington, DC 20001
and can be ordered through the Internet at:
http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore
Printed in the United States of America
NCHRP REPORT 637
Project 10-69
ISSN 0077-5614
ISBN: 978-0-309-11785-2
Library of Congress Control Number 2009928687
© 2009 Transportation Research Board
COPYRIGHT PERMISSION
Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining
written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously
published or copyrighted material used herein.
Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this
publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the
understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA,
FMCSA, FTA, or Transit Development Corporation endorsement of a particular product,
method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for
educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of
any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission
from CRP.
NOTICE
The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the National Cooperative Highway
Research Program conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of
the Governing Board of the National Research Council. Such approval reflects the
Governing Board’s judgment that the program concerned is of national importance and
appropriate with respect to both the purposes and resources of the National Research
Council.
The members of the technical committee selected to monitor this project and to review this
report were chosen for recognized scholarly competence and with due consideration for the
balance of disciplines appropriate to the project. The opinions and conclusions expressed
or implied are those of the research agency that performed the research, and, while they have
been accepted as appropriate by the technical committee, they are not necessarily those of
the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, the American
Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, or the Federal Highway
Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.
Each report is reviewed and accepted for publication by the technical committee according
to procedures established and monitored by the Transportation Research Board Executive
Committee and the Governing Board of the National Research Council.
The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research
Council, the Federal Highway Administration, the American Association of State Highway
and Transportation Officials, and the individual states participating in the National
Cooperative Highway Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade
or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the
object of this report.
CRP STAFF FOR NCHRP REPORT 637
Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs
Crawford F. Jencks, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs
Amir N. Hanna, Senior Program Officer
Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications
Margaret B. Hagood, Editor
NCHRP PROJECT 10-69 PANEL
Field of Materials and Construction—Area of Specifications,
Procedures, and Practices
John Butterfield, Utah DOT, Salt Lake City, UT (Chair)
Mohamed K. Elfino, Virginia DOT, Richmond, VA
Geoffrey Hall, Maryland State Highway Administration, Hanover, MD
Randy K. Pace, North Carolina DOT, Raleigh, NC
Joe P. Palic, Kansas DOT, Marion, KS
Thomas A. Pyle, California DOT, Sacramento, CA
Leif Wathne, American Concrete Pavement Association, Washington, DC
Samuel S. Tyson, FHWA Liaison
Frederick Hejl, TRB Liaison
AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The research reported herein was performed under NCHRP Project 10-69 by the Department of Civil
Engineering at the University of Minnesota (UMN), Applied Research Associates Inc. (ARA), and Mark
Snyder. UMN was the Prime Contractor, with ARA as a subcontractor, and Mark Snyder serving as a
consultant.
Dr. Lev Khazanovich, Associate Professor of Civil Engineering at UMN, was the Principal Investigator.
The other authors of this report are Kyle Hoegh, Research Assistant at UMN, and Mark Snyder, Consul-
tant. Other contributors include Shreenath Rao, Senior Engineer at ARA; Priyam Saxena, Research Assis-
tant at UMN; Alex Gotlif, Staff Engineer at ARA; and Iliya Yut, Research Assistant at UMN. The work was
done under the general supervision of Dr. Khazanovich.
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Guidelines For Dowel Alignment In Concrete Pavements Lev Khazanovich

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    Guidelines for DowelAlignment in Concrete Pavements NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM NCHRP REPORT 637
  • 6.
    TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD2009 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE* OFFICERS CHAIR: Adib K. Kanafani, Cahill Professor of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley VICE CHAIR: Michael R. Morris, Director of Transportation, North Central Texas Council of Governments, Arlington EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board MEMBERS J. Barry Barker, Executive Director, Transit Authority of River City, Louisville, KY Allen D. Biehler, Secretary, Pennsylvania DOT, Harrisburg Larry L. Brown, Sr., Executive Director, Mississippi DOT, Jackson Deborah H. Butler, Executive Vice President, Planning, and CIO, Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk, VA William A.V. Clark, Professor, Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles David S. Ekern, Commissioner, Virginia DOT, Richmond Nicholas J. Garber, Henry L. Kinnier Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville Jeffrey W. Hamiel, Executive Director, Metropolitan Airports Commission, Minneapolis, MN Edward A. (Ned) Helme, President, Center for Clean Air Policy, Washington, DC Will Kempton, Director, California DOT, Sacramento Susan Martinovich, Director, Nevada DOT, Carson City Debra L. Miller, Secretary, Kansas DOT, Topeka Neil J. Pedersen, Administrator, Maryland State Highway Administration, Baltimore Pete K. Rahn, Director, Missouri DOT, Jefferson City Sandra Rosenbloom, Professor of Planning, University of Arizona, Tucson Tracy L. Rosser, Vice President, Corporate Traffic, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Bentonville, AR Rosa Clausell Rountree, Consultant, Tyrone, GA Steve T. Scalzo, Chief Operating Officer, Marine Resources Group, Seattle, WA Henry G. (Gerry) Schwartz, Jr., Chairman (retired), Jacobs/Sverdrup Civil, Inc., St. Louis, MO C. Michael Walton, Ernest H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering, University of Texas, Austin Linda S. Watson, CEO, LYNX–Central Florida Regional Transportation Authority, Orlando Steve Williams, Chairman and CEO, Maverick Transportation, Inc., Little Rock, AR EX OFFICIO MEMBERS Thad Allen (Adm., U.S. Coast Guard), Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, DC Rebecca M. Brewster, President and COO, American Transportation Research Institute, Smyrna, GA George Bugliarello, President Emeritus and University Professor, Polytechnic Institute of New York University, Brooklyn; Foreign Secretary, National Academy of Engineering, Washington, DC James E. Caponiti, Acting Deputy Administrator, Maritime Administration, U.S.DOT Cynthia Douglass, Acting Deputy Administrator, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, U.S.DOT LeRoy Gishi, Chief, Division of Transportation, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC Edward R. Hamberger, President and CEO, Association of American Railroads, Washington, DC John C. Horsley, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC Rose A. McMurry, Acting Deputy Administrator, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, U.S.DOT Ronald Medford, Acting Deputy Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S.DOT William W. Millar, President, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, DC Lynne A. Osmus, Acting Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S.DOT Jeffrey F. Paniati, Acting Deputy Administrator and Executive Director, Federal Highway Administration, U.S.DOT Steven K. Smith, Acting Deputy Administrator, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, U.S.DOT Jo Strang, Acting Deputy Administrator, Federal Railroad Administration, U.S.DOT Robert L. Van Antwerp (Lt. Gen., U.S. Army), Chief of Engineers and Commanding General, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC Matthew Welbes, Executive Director and Acting Deputy Administrator, Federal Transit Administration, U.S.DOT *Membership as of February 2009.
  • 7.
    TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON,D.C. 2009 www.TRB.org N A T I O N A L C O O P E R A T I V E H I G H W A Y R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M NCHRP REPORT 637 Subject Areas Pavement Design, Management, and Performance • Materials and Construction Guidelines for Dowel Alignment in Concrete Pavements Lev Khazanovich Kyle Hoegh UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA Minneapolis, MN Mark Snyder CONSULTANT Bridgeville, PA Research sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration
  • 8.
    NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCHPROGRAM Systematic, well-designed research provides the most effective approach to the solution of many problems facing highway administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local interest and can best be studied by highway departments individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerating growth of highway transportation develops increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. In recognition of these needs, the highway administrators of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials initiated in 1962 an objective national highway research program employing modern scientific techniques. This program is supported on a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of the Association and it receives the full cooperation and support of the Federal Highway Administration, United States Department of Transportation. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies was requested by the Association to administer the research program because of the Board’s recognized objectivity and understanding of modern research practices. The Board is uniquely suited for this purpose as it maintains an extensive committee structure from which authorities on any highway transportation subject may be drawn; it possesses avenues of communications and cooperation with federal, state and local governmental agencies, universities, and industry; its relationship to the National Research Council is an insurance of objectivity; it maintains a full-time research correlation staff of specialists in highway transportation matters to bring the findings of research directly to those who are in a position to use them. The program is developed on the basis of research needs identified by chief administrators of the highway and transportation departments and by committees of AASHTO. Each year, specific areas of research needs to be included in the program are proposed to the National Research Council and the Board by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Research projects to fulfill these needs are defined by the Board, and qualified research agencies are selected from those that have submitted proposals. Administration and surveillance of research contracts are the responsibilities of the National Research Council and the Transportation Research Board. The needs for highway research are many, and the National Cooperative Highway Research Program can make significant contributions to the solution of highway transportation problems of mutual concern to many responsible groups. The program, however, is intended to complement rather than to substitute for or duplicate other highway research programs. Published reports of the NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from: Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet at: http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore Printed in the United States of America NCHRP REPORT 637 Project 10-69 ISSN 0077-5614 ISBN: 978-0-309-11785-2 Library of Congress Control Number 2009928687 © 2009 Transportation Research Board COPYRIGHT PERMISSION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA, FMCSA, FTA, or Transit Development Corporation endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council. Such approval reflects the Governing Board’s judgment that the program concerned is of national importance and appropriate with respect to both the purposes and resources of the National Research Council. The members of the technical committee selected to monitor this project and to review this report were chosen for recognized scholarly competence and with due consideration for the balance of disciplines appropriate to the project. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied are those of the research agency that performed the research, and, while they have been accepted as appropriate by the technical committee, they are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, or the Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Each report is reviewed and accepted for publication by the technical committee according to procedures established and monitored by the Transportation Research Board Executive Committee and the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research Council, the Federal Highway Administration, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and the individual states participating in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of this report.
  • 10.
    CRP STAFF FORNCHRP REPORT 637 Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Crawford F. Jencks, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs Amir N. Hanna, Senior Program Officer Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Margaret B. Hagood, Editor NCHRP PROJECT 10-69 PANEL Field of Materials and Construction—Area of Specifications, Procedures, and Practices John Butterfield, Utah DOT, Salt Lake City, UT (Chair) Mohamed K. Elfino, Virginia DOT, Richmond, VA Geoffrey Hall, Maryland State Highway Administration, Hanover, MD Randy K. Pace, North Carolina DOT, Raleigh, NC Joe P. Palic, Kansas DOT, Marion, KS Thomas A. Pyle, California DOT, Sacramento, CA Leif Wathne, American Concrete Pavement Association, Washington, DC Samuel S. Tyson, FHWA Liaison Frederick Hejl, TRB Liaison AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research reported herein was performed under NCHRP Project 10-69 by the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Minnesota (UMN), Applied Research Associates Inc. (ARA), and Mark Snyder. UMN was the Prime Contractor, with ARA as a subcontractor, and Mark Snyder serving as a consultant. Dr. Lev Khazanovich, Associate Professor of Civil Engineering at UMN, was the Principal Investigator. The other authors of this report are Kyle Hoegh, Research Assistant at UMN, and Mark Snyder, Consul- tant. Other contributors include Shreenath Rao, Senior Engineer at ARA; Priyam Saxena, Research Assis- tant at UMN; Alex Gotlif, Staff Engineer at ARA; and Iliya Yut, Research Assistant at UMN. The work was done under the general supervision of Dr. Khazanovich. C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S
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