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[ PPT ] NS _ppt 4..ppt microprocesser and microcontroller fundamentals
- 3. Microcontrollers Embedded Systems Operations managed behind the scenes by a microcontroller Microcontroller (MCU) An integrated electronic computing device that includes three major components on a single chip Microprocessor (MPU) Memory I/O (Input/Output) ports
- 4. Microcontrollers Support Devices Timers A/D converter Serial I/O Common communication lines System Bus
- 5. Block Diagram
- 6. Microprocessor (MPU) MPU (CPU) Read instructions Process binary data
- 7. Memory Storage Device Addresses Registers Major Categories Read/Write Memory (R/W) Read-only-Memory (ROM
- 8. Input/Output (I/O) Input Devices Switches and Keypads Provide binary information to the MPU Output devices LEDs and LCDs Receive binary information from the MPU
- 9. Microprocessor-Based Systems
- 10. Microprocessor Architecture The MPU communicates with Memory and I/O using the System Bus Address bus Unidirectional Memory and I/O Addresses Data bus Bidirectional Transfers Binary Data and Instructions Control lines Read and Write timing signals
- 11. Microprocessor-Based System
- 12. Example Microprocessor System
- 13. Software Machine Language Binary Instructions Difficult to decipher and write Error-prone All programs converted into machine language for execution
- 14. Software Assembly Language Machine instructions represented in mnemonics One-to-one correspondence Efficient execution and use of memory Machine-specific
- 15. Software High-Level Languages BASIC, C, and C++ Written in statements of spoken languages Machine independent Easy to write and troubleshoot Larger memory and less efficient execution
- 16. Data Format (8-bit) Unsigned Integers All eight bits represent the magnitude of a number Bit7 to Bit0 Range 00H to FFH (010 to 25510)
- 17. Data Format (8-bit) Signed Integers 2's Complement Bit 7 is sign bit Positive numbers: 00H to 7FH (010 to 12710) Negative numbers: 80H to FFH (-110 to -12810)
- 18. Data Format (8-bit) Binary Coded Decimal Numbers (BCD) 8 bits of a number divided into groups of four Each group represents a decimal digit from 0 to 9 AH through FH are invalid Example: 0010 0101BCD = 2510
- 19. Data Format (8-bit) American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) Seven-bit alphanumeric code with 128 combinations (00H to 7FH) Represents English alphabet, decimal digits from 0 to 9, symbols, and commands
- 20. MPU-Based Systems System hardware Discrete components Microprocessor, Memory, and I/O Components connected by buses Address, Data, and Control System software A group of programs that monitors the functions of the entire system
- 21. MPU-Based Time and Temperature System
- 22. MCU-Based Systems Includes microprocessor, memory, I/O ports, and support devices (such as timers) on a single semiconductor chip Buses are generally not available to a system designer I/O ports are generally multiplexed and can be programmed to perform different functions
- 23. MCU-Based Time and Temperature System
- 24. Computer Architectures Princeton versus Harvard Architecture CISC versus RISC processors Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
- 25. Thank you Sales